A New Tissue Technique for Evaluating Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins on Insect Midgut Epithelium

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

Volumn 69, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 92-104

  Braun, Lorraine ^a   Keddie, B Andrew ^b  

^a AGRICULTURE AND AGRI FOOD CANADA   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Bacillus thuringiensis; Bioassay; Cry1Ac; DAPI; Lepidoptera; Midgut epithelium; Trichoplusia ni; Trypan blue; Vital stains

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS PROTOXIN; BACTERIAL TOXIN; COLORING AGENT; PROTEIN PRECURSOR;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; CHEMISTRY; DRUG EFFECT; FLUORESCENCE; HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; INSECT; INTESTINE MUCOSA; LARVA; LD 50; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PATHOLOGY; ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION;

ANIMALS; BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; BACTERIAL TOXINS; COLORING AGENTS; FLUORESCENCE; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS; INSECTS; INTESTINAL MUCOSA; LARVA; LETHAL DOSE 50; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; ULTRAVIOLET RAYS;

EID: 0031093179     PISSN: 00222011     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jipa.1996.4632     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Abbott W. S. A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. J. Econ. Entomol. 18:1925;265-266.
2. Arndt-Jovin D. J., Jovin T. M. Fluorescence labelling and microscopy of DNA. Methods Cell Biol. 30:1989;417-447.
3. Ausubel F. M., Brent R., Kingston R. E., Moore D. D., Seidman J. G., Smith J. A., Struhl K. Short Protocols in Molecular Biology. A Compendium of Methods fromCurrent Protocols in Molecular Biology. 1992;Greene Publishing Associates/Wiley, New York.
4. Baines D., Brownwright A., Schwartz J. L. Establishment of primary and continuous cultures of epithelial cells from larval lepidopteran midguts. J. Insect Physiol. 40:1994;347-357.
5. Bank H. L. Assessment of islet cell viability using fluorescent dyes. Diabetologia. 30:1987;812-816.
6. Cioffi M. Apocrine secretion in the midgut of the tobacco hornworm larva,Manduca sexta. Am. Zool. 20:1980;939.
7. Crissman H. A., Orlicky D. J., Kissane R. J. Fluorescent DNA probes for flow cytometry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 27:1979;1652-1654.
8. Davidson E. W. Insect cell cultures as tools in the study of bacterial protein toxins. Adv. Cell Culture. 7:1989;125-146.
9. Dow J. A. T. pH gradients in lepidopteran midgut. J. Exp. Biol. 172:1992;355-375.
10. +transport system: The posterior midgut of tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta)in vivoandin vitro. J. Membr. Biol. 77:1984;223-241.
11. Dow J. A. T., Harvey W. R., Wolfersberger M. G., Boyes B. An improved chamber for the short-circuiting of epithelia. J. Exp. Biol. 114:1985;685-689.
12. Dow J. A. T., Peacock J. M. Microelectrode evidence for the electrical isolation of goblet cell cavities inManduca sextamiddle midgut. J. Exp. Biol. 143:1989;101-114.
13. Engelhard E. K., Keddie B. A., Volkman L. E. Isolation of the third, fourth, and fifth instar larval midgut epithelia of the moth,Trichoplusia ni. Tissue Cell. 23:1991;917-928.
14. Evans H. M., Schulemann W. The action of vital stains belonging to the benzidine group. Science. 39:1914;443-454.
15. Finney D. J. Prohibit Analysis. 1971;Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge.
16. Garczynski S. F., Crim J. W., Adang M. J. Identification of putative insect brush border membrane-binding molecules specific toBacillus thuringiensisδ-endotoxin by protein blot analysis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:1991;2816-2820.
17. Gazit E., Bach D., Kerr I. D., Sansom M. S. P., Chejanovsky N., Shai Y. The α-5 segment ofBacillus thuringiensisδ-endotoxin:In vitroactivity, ion channel formation and molecular modelling. Biochem. J. 304:1994;895-902.
18. Gould F., Martinez-Ramirez A., Anderson A., Ferre J., Silva F. J., Moar W. J. Broad-spectrum resistance toBacillus thuringiensistoxins inHeliothis virescens. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;7986-7990.
19. Gringorten J. L., Witt D. P., Milne R. E., Fast P. G., Sohi S. S., van Frankenhuyzen K. An in vitro system for testingBacillus thuringiensistoxins: The lawn assay. J. Invert. Pathol. 56:1990;237-242.
20. +-transporting epithelium of the larval midgut in the lepidopteran,Manduca sexta, in vitro. J. Cell Sci. 74:1985;137-152.
21. Harvey W. R., Crawford D. N., Spaeth D. D. Isolation, voltage clamping, and midgut flux measurements in lepidopteran midgut. Methods Enzymol. 192:1990;599-608.
22. Harvey W. R., Nedergaard S. Sodium-independent active transport of potassium in the isolated midgut of the Cecropia silkworm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 51:1964;757-765.
23. Harvey W. R., Wolfersberger M. G. Mechanism of inhibition of active potassium transport in isolated midgut ofManduca sextabyBacillus thuringiensisendotoxin. J. Exp. Biol. 83:1979;293-304.
24. Huber H. E., Lüthy P., Ebersold H-R., Cordier J-L. The subunits of the parasporal crystal ofBacillus thuringiensis:Size, linkage and toxicity. Arch. Microbiol. 129:1981;14-18.
25. Keddie B., Volkman L. E. Infectivity difference between the two phenotypes ofAutographica californicanuclear polyhedrosis virus: Importance of the 64K envelope glycoprotein. J. Gen. Virol. 66:1985;1195-1200.
26. Knowles B. H. Mechanism of action ofBacillus thuringiensisinsecticidal δ-endotoxins. Adv. Insect Physiol. 24:1994;275-308.
27. Knowles B. H., Dow J. A. T. The crystal δ-endotoxins ofBacillus thuringiensis:Models for their mechanism of action on the insect gut. BioEssays. 15:1993;469-476.
28. Knowles B. H., Ellar D. J. Characterization and partial purification of a plasma membrane receptor forBacillus thuringiensisvar.kurstakilepidopteran-specific δ-endotoxin. J. Cell Sci. 83:1986;89-101.
29. Lydon M. J., Keeler K. D., Thomas D. B. Vital DNA staining and cell sorting by flow microfluorometry. J. Cell. Physiol. 102:1980;175-181.
30. Martoja R., Ballan-Dufrançais C. The ultrastructure of the digestive and excretory organs. Insect Ultrastructure. 1984;Plenum, New York. p. 199-268.
31. Masson L., Préfontaine G., Péloquin L., Lau P. C. K., Brousseau R. Comparative analysis of the individual protoxin components in P1 crystals ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstakiisolates NRD-12 and HD-1. Biochem. J. 269:1989;507-512.
32. McGaughey W. H. Effect of larval age on the susceptibility of almond moth and Indianmeal moth toBacillus thuringiensis. J. Econ. Entomol. 71:1978;923-925.
33. Moar W. J., Masson L., Brousseau R., Trumble J. T. Toxicity toSpodoptera exiguaandTrichoplusia niof individual P1 protoxins and sporulated cultures ofBacillus thuringiensissubsp.kurstakiHD-1 and NRD-12. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:1990;2480-2483.
34. Pace C. S., Sachs G. Glucose-induced proton uptake in secretory granules of β-cells in monolayer culture. Am. J. Physiol. 242:1982;C382-C387.
35. Palli S. R., Locke M. The synthesis of hemolymph proteins by the larval midgut of an insectCalpodes ethlius(Lepidoptera: Hesperidae). Insect Biochem. 17:1987;561-572.
36. Schultz T. W., Jungreis A. M. The goblet cavity matrix in the larval midgut ofHyalophora cecropia. J. Insect Physiol. 23:1977a;29-32.
37. Schultz T. W., Jungreis A. M. Origin of the short circuit decay profile and maintenance of the cation transport capacity of the larval lepidopteran midgutin vitroandin vivo. Tissue Cell. 9:1977b;255-272.
38. Schultz T. W., Lozano G., Cajina-Quezada M. Histochemical analysis of the goblet cell matrix in the larval midgut ofManduca sexta. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 100:1981;204-209.
39. Spies A. G., Spence K. D. Effect of sublethalBacillus thuringiensiscrystal endotoxin treatment on the larval midgut of a moth,Manduca:SEM study. Tissue Cell. 17:1985;379-394.
40. Tanke H. J., Van Der Linden P. W. G., Langerak J. Alternative fluorochromes to ethidium bromide for automated read out of cytotoxicity tests. J. Immunol. Methods. 52:1982;1-96.
41. Taylor I. W., Milthorpe B. K. An evaluation of DNA fluorochromes, staining techniques, and analysis for flow cytometry. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 28:1980;1224-1232.
42. Thomas W. E., Ellar D. J. Bacillus thuringiensisvar.israelensiscrystal δ-endotoxin: Effects on insect and mammalian cellsin vitroandin vivo. J. Cell Sci. 60:1983;181-197.
43. Van Rie J., Jansens S., Höfte H., Degheele D., Van Mellaert H. Specificity ofBacillus thuringiensisδ-endotoxins. Importance of specific receptors on the brush border membrane of the mid-gut of target insects. Eur. J. Biochem. 186:1989;239-247.
44. West S. S. Fluorescence microspectrophotometry of supravitally stained cells. Pollister A. W. Physical Techniques in Biological Research. 1969;253-321 Academic Press, New York.
45. Wolfersberger M. G. The toxicity of twoBacillus thuringiensisδ-endotoxins to gypsy moth larvae is inversely related to the affinity of binding sites on midgut brush border membranes for the toxins. Experientia. 46:1990;475-477.
46. Wolfson J. L., Murdock L. L. Diversity in digestive proteinase activity among insects. J. Chem. Ecol. 16:1990;1089-1102.
47. Wood J. L., Moreton R. B. Refinements in the short-circuit technique and its applications to active potassium transport across the Cecropia midgut. J. Exp. Biol. 77:1978;123-140.