The current status of women's employment in China

Chinese Sociology and Anthropology

Volumn , Issue 3, 1997, Pages 52-82

  Bohong, Liu ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031091532     PISSN: 00094625     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2753/CSA0009-4625290352     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Zhang Jinsheng, "China's Female Labor Force Reaches 56 Million," Renmin ribao, March 7, 1993.
2. Huang Qiqiao, "Mutual Exchange and Increased Understanding - Answering Staff Reporters' Questions on the Asia-Pacific Region NGO Conference on Women's Participation in Development," Zhongguo funu bao, December 10, 1993.
3. Statistics from the 1982 and 1990 population census.
4. See text of the speech at the Manila Conference by Li Qiufang, head of the Rural and Urban Department of the National Women's Federation.
5. According to data from the fourth population census.
6. See Cui Fengyuan, "Several Questions on China's Women's Employment," Renkou yu jingji, No. 2, 1986, p. 47.
7. The subcategories are (1) scientific researcher, (2) engineers and technical staff in agriculture and forestry, (3) science and technology management personnel and assistants, (4) aircraft and shipping technicians, (5) medical and health staff, (6) personnel in economic work, (7) legal personnel, (8) teaching staff, (9) personnel in literature, art, and sports, (10) personnel in cultural work, (11) religious personnel. (See 1982 nian Zhongguo renkou pucha ziliao [Statistical Data from the 1982 Chinese Population Census], pp. 404-23.
8. Special Group for Investigating the Social Position of Chinese Women, Zhongguo funu shehui diwei gaiguan (An Overview of Chinese Women's Social Position) [Beijing: Zhongguo funu chubanshe, 1993], pp. 107-12.
9. Ibid., pp. 117-23.
10. Liu Xiaoling, "New Socialization - Gao Xiaoxian Discusses the Trend Toward Feminization of the Countryside," Part 1, Zhongguo funu bao, December 3, 1993.
11. Zhongguo funu shehui diwei gaiguan, p. 86.
12. Gu Jiantang, "Regional and Age Differences in the Income of Chinese Couples," paper presented at the Nankai University Population Research Institute 1993 conference on "Population and Women."
13. Ibid.
14. Zhongguo funu shehui diwei gaiguan, pp. 88-89.
15. Huang Xiyi, "The Transformation of Rural Women's Economic Status in Contemporary Social Change in China," Zhongguo funu fenceng yanjiu, vol. 2 (Zhengzhou: Henan renmin chubanshe, 1991), pp. 12-15.
16. Lu Jimei, "Labor Protection for Female Labor Should Be Improved," Zhongguo funu bao, July 23, 1993.
17. Pooled funding of childbearing: in order to acknowledge the value of women's reproductive role, to guarantee that women are protected during the period of pregnancy and childbirth, and to encourage enterprises to recruit female employees, in the early 1980s, Chinese theoretical circles proposed the theory of compensation for the value of human reproduction. Subsequently, some female members of the People's Congress and the Political Consultative Conference also proposed acknowledging the value of women's reproductive role, and put forward a motion that funds be established for childbearing women. In the mid-1980s, Nantong in Jiangsu Province, Anshan in Liaoning Province, and Zhuzhou in Hunan Province tried pooled funding of childbearing. The basic method used was: each enterprise pays into the government department supervising the pooled funds a sum of money calculated in proportion to the total number of its employees. The department then allocates money back to the enterprise according to the number of women in the enterprise who are permitted to have children under the family planning schedule for that year. The women receive maternity pay and various allowances from the enterprise according to the relevant state and enterprise stipulations.
18. Zhongguo funu shehui diwei gaiguan, p. 91.
19. Ibid., pp. 91-92.
20. Zhang Xiaoyuan, "The Scenery Over Here Is Wonderful," Zhongguo funu bao, January 5, 1994.
21. Huang Shuqing, "Hearing with Delight That High-Level Women's Participation in Politics Has Increased," Zhongguo funu bao, January 5, 1994.
22. Huang Qiqiao, December 16, 1993, speech at the National Women's Federation's "Nairobi Strategy Discussion Group."
23. National Women's Federation Rural and Urban Department: Report to the sixth meeting of the co-ordination group for the national "dual study, dual comparison" program (January 1994).
24. Jin Yihong, "Economic Reform and the Current Situation and Prospects for Rural Women," Zhongguo funu fenceng yanjiu, vol. 2, pp. 38-40.
25. This section has drawn on some of the views of Tan Shen. See "Social Transition and Chinese Women's Employment," in Tianjin Normal University Women's Research Center (ed.), Zhongguo funu yu fazhan (Chinese women and development) (Zhengzhou: Henan renmin chubanshe, 1993).