Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalysis of Albert Hirst

Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Volumn 71, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 69-93

  Lynn, David J ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; AUSTRIA; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; HISTORY; HUMAN; PSYCHOANALYSIS;

AUSTRIA; CZECHOSLOVAKIA; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; PSYCHOANALYSIS;

EID: 0031089703     PISSN: 00075140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/bhm.1997.0045     Document Type: Article

References (225)

1. Seymour Fisher and Roger P. Greenberg, The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), p. 279; David J. Lynn, "Freud's Analysis of A.B., a Psychotic Man, 1925-1930," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1993, 21: 63-78.
2. Seymour Fisher and Roger P. Greenberg, The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), p. 279; David J. Lynn, "Freud's Analysis of A.B., a Psychotic Man, 1925-1930," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1993, 21: 63-78.
3. Sigmund Freud, The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, 24 vols. (London: Hogarth Press, 1966), vol. 10, pp. 153-320 (1909); further references will be abbreviated as Standard Edition, and will include in parentheses the date of original publication for each work.
4. Ibid., vol. 17, pp. 3-122 (1918).
5. Ibid., vol. 18, pp. 145-72 (1920).
6. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
7. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
8. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
9. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
10. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
11. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
12. Helene Deutsch, Confrontations with Myself: An Epilogue (New York: Norton, 1973), pp. 128-47; Joseph Wortis, Fragments of an Analysis with Freud (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1954); Abram Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud: Reminiscences (New York: Norton, 1977); Smiley Blanton, Diary of My Analysis with Sigmund Freud (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1971); Roy R. Grinker, Sr., "Reminiscences of Dr. Roy Grinker," J. Amer. Acad. Psychoanal., 1975, 3: 211-21; idem, Fifty Years in Psychiatry: A Living History (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas, 1979); John M. Dorsey, An American Psychiatrist in Vienna, 1935-1937, and His Sigmund Freud (Detroit: Center for Health Education, 1976).
13. Hilda Doolittle, Tribute to Freud (NewYork: New Directions, 1974), pp. 18, 91, 100.
14. Paul Roazen, Brother Animal: The Story of Freud and Tausk (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990), pp. 89, 214; idem, Freud and His Followers (New York: Knopf, 1976), p. 550; idem, "Reading, Writing, and Memory: Dr. K. R. Eissler's Thinking," Contemp. Psychoanal., 1978, 14: 345-53.
15. Paul Roazen, Brother Animal: The Story of Freud and Tausk (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990), pp. 89, 214; idem, Freud and His Followers (New York: Knopf, 1976), p. 550; idem, "Reading, Writing, and Memory: Dr. K. R. Eissler's Thinking," Contemp. Psychoanal., 1978, 14: 345-53.
16. Paul Roazen, Brother Animal: The Story of Freud and Tausk (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990), pp. 89, 214; idem, Freud and His Followers (New York: Knopf, 1976), p. 550; idem, "Reading, Writing, and Memory: Dr. K. R. Eissler's Thinking," Contemp. Psychoanal., 1978, 14: 345-53.
17. Kurt R. Eissler, "A Challenge to Professor Roazen," Contemp. Psychoanal., 1978, 14: 330-44.
18. Jeffrey M. Masson, The Assault on Truth: Freud's Suppression of the Seduction Theory (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1984), pp. 241, 243, 247, 253, 255-58.
19. Interview of Albert Hirst by Kurt R. Eissler, 16 March and 30 March 1952, Siegfried Bernfeld Collection, container #19, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. (henceforth, Eissler Inverview). This is a typed transcript; pp. 1-50 refer to the first interview, pp. 51-72 to the second. Cited by permission of Dr. Eric Hirst.
20. Albert J. Hirst, unpublished autobiography, courtesy of Dr. Hanna E. Kapit, New York, N.Y.; quotation on p. 13 (henceforth, Autobiography). Cited by permission of Dr. Eric Hirst.
21. Interview with Eric A. Hirst, 10 December 1992; Eric A. Hirst to author, 14 January 1994; interview with Dr. Hanna E. Kapit, 28 November 1992.
22. William McGuire, ed., The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988); R. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones 1908-1939 (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993); Andre Haynal, ed., Briefwechsel: Sigmund Freud, Sandor Ferenczi (Vienna: Bohlau Verlag, 1993); Herman Nunberg and Ernst Federn, eds., Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, vols. 2, 3 (New York: International Universities Press, 1967, 1974).
23. William McGuire, ed., The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988); R. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones 1908-1939 (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993); Andre Haynal, ed., Briefwechsel: Sigmund Freud, Sandor Ferenczi (Vienna: Bohlau Verlag, 1993); Herman Nunberg and Ernst Federn, eds., Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, vols. 2, 3 (New York: International Universities Press, 1967, 1974).
24. William McGuire, ed., The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988); R. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones 1908-1939 (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993); Andre Haynal, ed., Briefwechsel: Sigmund Freud, Sandor Ferenczi (Vienna: Bohlau Verlag, 1993); Herman Nunberg and Ernst Federn, eds., Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, vols. 2, 3 (New York: International Universities Press, 1967, 1974).
25. William McGuire, ed., The Freud/Jung Letters: The Correspondence between Sigmund Freud and C. G. Jung (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1988); R. Andrew Paskauskas, ed., The Complete Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Ernest Jones 1908-1939 (Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1993); Andre Haynal, ed., Briefwechsel: Sigmund Freud, Sandor Ferenczi (Vienna: Bohlau Verlag, 1993); Herman Nunberg and Ernst Federn, eds., Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, vols. 2, 3 (New York: International Universities Press, 1967, 1974).
26. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2 (New York: Basic Books, 1955); Ronald W. Clark, Freud: The Man and the Cause (New York: Random House, 1980); Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: Norton, 1988); Max Schur, Freud: Living and Dying (New York: International Universities Press, 1972).
27. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2 (New York: Basic Books, 1955); Ronald W. Clark, Freud: The Man and the Cause (New York: Random House, 1980); Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: Norton, 1988); Max Schur, Freud: Living and Dying (New York: International Universities Press, 1972).
28. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2 (New York: Basic Books, 1955); Ronald W. Clark, Freud: The Man and the Cause (New York: Random House, 1980); Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: Norton, 1988); Max Schur, Freud: Living and Dying (New York: International Universities Press, 1972).
29. Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 2 (New York: Basic Books, 1955); Ronald W. Clark, Freud: The Man and the Cause (New York: Random House, 1980); Peter Gay, Freud: A Life for Our Time (New York: Norton, 1988); Max Schur, Freud: Living and Dying (New York: International Universities Press, 1972).
30. Eissler Interview, p. 49.
31. New York Times, 2 March 1974, p. 34.
32. Eissler Interview, pp. 10, 11.
33. Ibid., p. 10.
34. Ibid., pp. 42, 43.
35. Autobiography, p. 1.
36. Herman Nunberg and Ernst Federn, eds., Minutes of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society, vol. 1: 1906-1908 (NewYork: International Universities Press, 1962), p. 352 n. 8.
37. Eissler Interview, pp. 45, 46, 48.
38. Norman Kiell, Freud Without Hindsight: Reviews of His Work, 1892-1939 (Madison, Conn.: International Universities Press, 1988), pp. 127-28.
39. Interview with Dr. Hanna E. Kapit, 28 November 1992.
40. Eissler Interview, p. 2.
41. Ibid., p. 43.
42. Autobiography, p. 9; Eissler Interview, pp. 43, 46.
43. Autobiography, p. 9; Eissler Interview, pp. 43, 46.
44. Autobiography, pp. 4, 5; Eissler Interview, p. 24.
45. Autobiography, pp. 4, 5; Eissler Interview, p. 24.
46. Autobiography, p. 11; Eissler Interview, p. 38.
47. Autobiography, p. 11; Eissler Interview, p. 38.
48. Eissler Interview, p. 20; Autobiography, p. 10.
49. Eissler Interview, p. 20; Autobiography, p. 10.
50. Autobiography, p. 9.
51. Eissler Interview, pp. 2, 20.
52. Autobiography, p. 11.
53. Eissler Interview, pp. 28, 35.
54. Ibid., p. 40.
55. Ibid., p. 41.
56. Autobiography, p. 11.
57. Eissler Interview, pp. 22-23.
58. Ibid., p. 23.
59. Ibid., p. 2.
60. Autobiography, p. 16.
61. Eissler Interview, p. 3.
62. Autobiography, p. 9.
63. Ibid., p. 10.
64. Eissler Interview, p. 19.
65. Ibid., pp. 8, 9.
66. Ibid., p. 8.
67. Ibid., p. 53.
68. Autobiography, p. 29; Eissler Interview, pp. 32, 59, 60.
69. Autobiography, p. 29; Eissler Interview, pp. 32, 59, 60.
70. Eissler Interview, pp. 39, 40.
71. Autobiography, pp. 3, 18.
72. Eissler Interview, pp. 7, 8, 19, 20.
73. Ibid., pp. 15, 40.
74. Ibid., p. 19.
75. Ibid., p. 8.
76. Autobiography, pp. 2, 10.
77. Ibid., p. 11.
78. Ibid.
79. Ibid.
80. Ibid., p. 12; Eissler Interview, p. 71.
81. Ibid., p. 12; Eissler Interview, p. 71.
82. Autobiography, pp. 12, 13; Eissler Interview, p. 42.
83. Autobiography, pp. 12, 13; Eissler Interview, p. 42.
84. Autobiography, p. 12.
85. Ibid.; Eissler Interview, pp. 71, 72.
86. Ibid.; Eissler Interview, pp. 71, 72.
87. Autobiography, p. 14.
88. Ibid., pp. 14, 15; Eissler Interview, p. 42.
89. Ibid., pp. 14, 15; Eissler Interview, p. 42.
90. Autobiography, pp. 26, 27.
91. Ibid., p. 23.
92. Ibid., pp. 24, 25; Eissler Interview, pp. 3, 4, 5.
93. Ibid., pp. 24, 25; Eissler Interview, pp. 3, 4, 5.
94. Autobiography, p. 22.
95. Ibid., p. 23.
96. Ibid., p. 6.
97. Ibid., p. 20.
98. Ibid., p. 6.
99. Ibid., pp. 20, 21; Eissler Interview, pp. 27, 54, 55.
100. Ibid., pp. 20, 21; Eissler Interview, pp. 27, 54, 55.
101. Eissler Interview, p. 39.
102. Autobiography, p. 21; Eissler Interview, p. 55.
103. Autobiography, p. 21; Eissler Interview, p. 55.
104. Autobiography, p. 23; Eissler Interview, p. 28.
105. Autobiography, p. 23; Eissler Interview, p. 28.
106. Eissler Interview, pp. 13, 15.
107. Ibid., p. 8.
108. Ibid., p. 24.
109. Autobiography, p. 14; Eissler Interview, p. 44.
110. Autobiography, p. 14; Eissler Interview, p. 44.
111. Autobiography, p. 16; Eissler Interview, p. 26.
112. Autobiography, p. 16; Eissler Interview, p. 26.
113. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 7, 8, 64.
114. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 7, 8, 64.
115. Eissler Interview, pp. 67, 68.
116. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 22, 23.
117. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 22, 23.
118. Autobiography, p. 12; Eissler Interview, pp. 4, 28, 35.
119. Autobiography, p. 12; Eissler Interview, pp. 4, 28, 35.
120. Autobiography, p. 18.
121. Ibid., p. 19; Eissler Interview, p. 7.
122. Ibid., p. 19; Eissler Interview, p. 7.
123. Eissler Interview, pp. 11, 12.
124. Lisa Appignanesi and John Forrester, Freud's Women (New York: Basic Books, 1992), pp. 193, 502.
125. Eissler Interview, pp. 11, 12.
126. Interviews with Dr. Hanna E. Kapit, 28 November 1992 and 28 March 1993, and with Dr. Eric Hirst, 10 December 1992.
127. Eissler Interview, pp. 13, 14, 15.
128. Ibid., p. 25.
129. Ibid., p. 27.
130. Autobiography, pp. 16, 17; Eissler Interview, pp. 25, 26, 27.
131. Autobiography, pp. 16, 17; Eissler Interview, pp. 25, 26, 27.
132. Eissler Interview, pp. 28, 29.
133. Ibid., p. 58.
134. Ibid., pp. 1, 42, 43, 44.
135. Autobiography, p. 18.
136. Eissler Interview, p. 53.
137. Autobiography, p. 26; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 56.
138. Autobiography, p. 26; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 56.
139. Eissler Interview, p. 56.
140. Ibid., p. 35; Autobiography, p. 26.
141. Ibid., p. 35; Autobiography, p. 26.
142. Eissler Interview, p. 56.
143. Autobiography, p. 28; Eissler Interview, p. 31.
144. Autobiography, p. 28; Eissler Interview, p. 31.
145. Autobiography, p. 27; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 49, 50, 56.
146. Autobiography, p. 27; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 49, 50, 56.
147. Eissler Interview, pp. 29, 45.
148. Autobiography, p. 30.
149. Ibid., pp. 29, 31.
150. Eissler Interview, p. 66.
151. Ibid., pp. 32, 33, 63.
152. Ibid., pp. 65, 69; Autobiography, pp. 35, 36.
153. Ibid., pp. 65, 69; Autobiography, pp. 35, 36.
154. Eissler Interview, pp. 51, 52.
155. Autobiography, p. 12; Eissler Interview, pp. 46, 48.
156. Autobiography, p. 12; Eissler Interview, pp. 46, 48.
157. Interview with Dr. Hanna E. Kapit, 28 November 1992.
158. Autobiography, pp. 2, 3.
159. New York Times, 2 March 1974, p. 34.
160. Autobiography, pp. 1, 27.
161. Autobiography, p. 3; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 39, 40, 58.
162. Autobiography, p. 3; Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 39, 40, 58.
163. Eissler Interview, pp. 30, 39, 40.
164. Ibid., pp. 31, 32, 58.
165. Eric Hirst to author, 14 January 1994.
166. Autobiography, pp. 16, 17.
167. Ibid., p. 22; Eissler Interview, p. 54.
168. Ibid., p. 22; Eissler Interview, p. 54.
169. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 7, 8, 28, 33, 54, 66, 67, 68.
170. Autobiography, p. 18; Eissler Interview, pp. 7, 8, 28, 33, 54, 66, 67, 68.
171. Eissler Interview, p. 33.
172. Ibid., pp. 34, 52.
173. Ibid., pp. 28, 57, 58.
174. Ibid., pp. 49, 50.
175. Ward Cromer and Paula Anderson, "Freud's Visit to America: Newspaper Coverage," J. Hist. Behav. Sci., 1970, 6: 349-53.
176. Jones, Sigmund Freud (n. 14).
177. Standard Edition, vol. 7, p. 260 (1904).
178. Ibid., pp. 247-69 (1904).
179. Ibid., vol. 11, p. 226 (1910).
180. Ibid., vol. 12, pp. 91-171 (1911-14).
181. Ibid., p. 125 (1913).
182. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
183. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
184. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
185. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
186. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
187. See Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud: A Biography (New York: Summit Books, 1988), pp. 103-39; Martin Stanton, Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention (Northvale, N.J.: Jason Aronson, 1991), pp. 24-25; Célia Bertin, Marie Bonaparte, a Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982), pp. 145-76; Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), pp. 421-35; Michael John Burlingham, The Last Tiffany: A Biography of Dorothy Tiffany Burlingham (New York: Atheneum, 1989), pp. 179-80, 197, 203-4, 206-11; and E. James Lieberman, Acts of Will: The Life and Work of Otto Rank (New York: Free Press, 1985), pp. 247-48.
188. Standard Edition, vol. 12, p. 118 (1912).
189. Ibid., pp. 117-18 (1912); vol. 20, p. 225 (1926); vol. 23, p. 175 (1940).
190. Ibid., pp. 117-18 (1912); vol. 20, p. 225 (1926); vol. 23, p. 175 (1940).
191. Ibid., pp. 117-18 (1912); vol. 20, p. 225 (1926); vol. 23, p. 175 (1940).
192. Gay, Freud (n. 14), p. 464.
193. Lynn, "Freud's Analysis of A.B." (n. 1); Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud (n. 5), pp. 68, 69, 71, 76, 77.
194. Lynn, "Freud's Analysis of A.B." (n. 1); Kardiner, My Analysis with Freud (n. 5), pp. 68, 69, 71, 76, 77.
195. Eissler Interview, p. 66.
196. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 118, 119 (1912); vol. 16, p. 433 (1917); vol. 17, p. 164 (1919); vol. 23, p. 175; ibid., p. 232 (1937).
197. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 118, 119 (1912); vol. 16, p. 433 (1917); vol. 17, p. 164 (1919); vol. 23, p. 175; ibid., p. 232 (1937).
198. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 118, 119 (1912); vol. 16, p. 433 (1917); vol. 17, p. 164 (1919); vol. 23, p. 175; ibid., p. 232 (1937).
199. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 118, 119 (1912); vol. 16, p. 433 (1917); vol. 17, p. 164 (1919); vol. 23, p. 175; ibid., p. 232 (1937).
200. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 118, 119 (1912); vol. 16, p. 433 (1917); vol. 17, p. 164 (1919); vol. 23, p. 175; ibid., p. 232 (1937).
201. Karin Obholzer, The Wolf-Man: Conversations with Freud's Patient - Sixty Years Later (New York: Continuum Publishing, 1982), p. 15.
202. Lavinia Edmunds, "Freud's American Tragedy," Johns Hopkins Mag., 1988, 40: 40-49.
203. Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), p. 424.
204. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 136-37 (1913); vol. 16, p. 460 (1917); vol. 23, p. 173 (1940). See also Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Twenty- eighth President of the United States: A Psychological Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), p. xiv.
205. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 136-37 (1913); vol. 16, p. 460 (1917); vol. 23, p. 173 (1940). See also Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Twenty- eighth President of the United States: A Psychological Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), p. xiv.
206. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 136-37 (1913); vol. 16, p. 460 (1917); vol. 23, p. 173 (1940). See also Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Twenty- eighth President of the United States: A Psychological Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), p. xiv.
207. Standard Edition, vol. 12, pp. 136-37 (1913); vol. 16, p. 460 (1917); vol. 23, p. 173 (1940). See also Sigmund Freud and William C. Bullitt, Thomas Woodrow Wilson, Twenty-eighth President of the United States: A Psychological Study (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1966), p. xiv.
208. Jones, Sigmund Freud (n. 14), p. 409.
209. Gay, Freud (n. 14), p. 187.
210. Paskauskas, ed., Complete Correspondence, (n. 13).
211. Roazen, Freud and His Followers (n. 7), p. 425.
212. Jones, Sigmund Freud (n. 14), pp. 194-95.
213. Standard Edition, vol. 16, p. 361 (1917).
214. Ibid., vol. 23, p. 240 (1937).
215. Wortis, Fragments (n. 5), p. 84.
216. Peter J. Bowler, The Mendelian Revolution: The Emergence of Hereditarian Concepts in Modern Science and Society (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989), pp. 59-62.
217. Ibid., p. 23.
218. W. S. Sutton, "The Chromosomes in Heredity," Biol. Bull., 1903, 4: 231-51.
219. T. H. Morgan, A. H. Sturtevant, H. J. Muller, and C. B. Bridges, The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity (New York: Henry Holt, 1915).
220. Jan Sapp, Beyond the Gene (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. xii.
221. Bowler, Mendelian Revolution (n. 157), pp. 1, 7.
222. Ibid., pp. 59-62.
223. Sapp, Beyond the Gene (n. 161), pp. 58, 59.
224. Ibid., pp. 81-84. See also Jonathan Harwood, "Geneticists and the Evolutionary Synthesis in Interwar Germany," Ann. Sci., 1985, 42: 279-301.
225. Ibid., pp. 81-84. See also Jonathan Harwood, "Geneticists and the Evolutionary Synthesis in Interwar Germany," Ann. Sci., 1985, 42: 279-301.