Controversies surrounding diet and breast cancer

Proceedings of the Nutrition Society

Volumn 56, Issue 1999, 1997, Pages 369-382

  Kohlmeier, Lenore ^a   Mendez, Michelle ^a  

^a University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; ESTROGEN; FATTY ACID; PESTICIDE;

ANIMAL; BREAST TUMOR; CALORIC INTAKE; FAT INTAKE; FEMALE; HUMAN; METABOLISM; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR;

ANIMALS; BREAST NEOPLASMS; DIETARY FATS; ENERGY INTAKE; ESTROGENS; ETHANOL; FATTY ACIDS; FEMALE; HUMANS; PESTICIDES; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 0031088662     PISSN: 00296651     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/pns19970039     Document Type: Short Survey

References (85)

1. Albanes, D. (1987). Total calories, body weight and tumour incidence in mice. Cancer Research 47, 1987-1992.
2. Ames, B. N., Shigenaga, M. K. & Hagen, T. M. (1993). Oxidants, antioxidants, and the degenerative disease of aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90, 7915-7922.
3. Ansher, S. S., Dolan, P. & Bueding, E. (1986). Biochemical effects of dithiolthiones. Food and Chemical Toxicology 24, 405-415.
4. Astrup, A. V., Buemann, B., Western, P., Toubro, S., Raben, A. & Christensen, M. J. (1995). Objective assessment of the habitual dietary fat content in patients with obesity (In Danish). Ugesdrift for Laeger 16, 291-294.
5. Baker, M. E. (1992). Evolution of regulation of steroid-mediated intercellular communication in vertebrates: insight from flavonoids, signals that mediate plant-rhizobia symbiosis. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 41, 301-308.
6. Barrett-Connor, E. (1991). Nutrition epidemiology: how do we know what they ate? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 182-187.
7. Basu, T. K., Hill, G. B., Ng, D., Abdi, E. & Temple, N. (1989). Serum vitamins A and E, beta-carotene, and selenium in patients with breast cancer. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 8, 524-528.
8. Bates, C. J. & Thurnham, D. I. (1991). Biochemical markers of nutrient intake. In Design Concepts in Nutritional Epidemiology, pp. 192-265 [B. M. Margetts and M. Nelson, editors]. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Birt, D. F., Julius, A. D., White, L. T. & Pour, P. M. (1989). Enhancement of pancreatic carcinogenesis in hamsters fed a high-fat diet ad libitum and at a controlled calorie intake. Cancer Research 49, 5848-5851.
10. Birt, D. F., Pelling, J. C., Pour, P. M., Tibbels, M. G., Schweichkert, L. & Bresnick, E. (1987). Enhanced pancreatic and skin tumorigenesis in cabbage-fed hamsters and mice. Carcinogenesis 8, 913-917.
11. Block, G., Patterson, B. & Subar, A. (1992). Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence. Nutrition and Cancer 18, 1-29.
12. Braden, L. M. & Carroll, K. K. (1986). Dietary polyunsaturated fat in relation to mammary carcinogenesis in rats. Lipids 21, 285-288.
13. Bresnick, E., Birt, D. F., Wolterman, K., Wheeler, M. & Markin, R. S. (1990). Reduction in mammary tumorigenesis in the rat by cabbage and cabbage residue. Carcinogenesis 11, 1159-1163.
14. Comstock, G. W., Helzlsouer, K. J. & Bush, T. L. (1991). Prediagnostic serum levels of carotenoids and vitamin E as related to subsequent cancer in Washington County, Maryland. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53, 260S-264S.
15. Connett, J. E., Kuller, L. H., Kjelsberg, M. O., Polk, B. F., Collins, G., Rider, A. & Hulley, S. B. (1989). Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. The Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFTT) Study. Cancer 64, 126-134.
16. Davis, D. L. & Bradlow, H. L. (1995). Can environmental oestrogens cause breast cancer? Scientific American October issue, 166-172.
17. de Schrijver, R. & Privett, O. S. (1982). Interrelationship between dietary trans fatty acids and the 6- and 9-desaturases in the rat. Lipids 17, 27-34.
18. Dewailly, E., Dodin, S., Verreault, R., Ayotte, P., Sauve, L. & Morin, J. (1994). High organochlorine body burden in women with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86, 232-234.
19. Falck, F. Y., Ricci, A. Jr, Wolff, M. S., Godbold, J. & Deckers, J. (1992). Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in human breast lipids and their relation to breast cancer. Archives of Environmental Health 47, 143-146.
20. Garfinkel, L., Boffetta, P. & Stellman, S. D. (1988). Alcohol and breast cancer: a cohort study. Preventive Medicine 17, 686-693.
21. Gey, K. F., Brubacher, G. B. & Sthelin, H. B. (1987). Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in relation to ischemic heart disease and cancer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, 1368-1377.
22. Harvey, E. B., Schairer, C., Brinton, L. A., Hoover, R. N. & Faumeni, J. F. Jr (1987). Alcohol consumption and breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78, 657-661.
23. Helferich, W. G. (1996). Paradoxical effects of the soy phytoestrogen, genistein, on growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Proceedings of a Meeting on Modulation of Chemical Toxicity and Risk Assessment (In the Press).
24. Hirohata, T., Shigematsu, T., Nomura, A., Nomura, Y., Horie, A. & Hirohata, I. (1985). Occurrence of breast cancer in relation to diet and reproductive history: a case-control study in Fukuoka, Japan. National Cancer Institute Monographs 69, 187-190.
25. Howe, G., Rohan, T., DeCarli, A., Iscovich, J., Kaldor, J., Katsouyanni, K., Marubini, E., Miller, A., Riboli, E., Toniolo, P. & Trichopoulos, D. (1991). The association between alcohol and breast cancer risk: evidence from the combined analysis of six dietary case control studies. International Journal of Cancer 47, 707-710.
26. Howe, G. R., Hirohata, T., Hislop, T. G., Iscovish, J. M., Yuan, J. M., Katsouyanni, K., Lubin, F., Marubini, E., Modan, B., Rhohan, T., Toniolo, P. & Shunzhang, Y. (1990). Dietary factors and risk of breast cancer: combined analysis of 12 case-control studies. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 82, 561-569.
27. Huang, M.-T. & Ferraro, T. (1992). Phenolic compounds in food and cancer prevention. In Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. vol. 2: Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention, ACS Symposium Series 502, pp. 8-33 [M.-T. Huang, C.-T. Ho and C. Y. Lee, editors]. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
28. Hulka, B. S. (1989). Dietary fat and breast cancer: Case-control and cohort studies. Preventive Medicine 18, 180-193.
29. Hunter, D. J., Spiegelman, D., Adami, H.-O., Beeson, L., Van den Brandt, P. A., Folsom, A. R., Fraser, G. E., Goldbohm, A., Graham, S., Howe, G. R., Kushi, L. H., Marshall, J. R., McDermott, A., Miller, A. B., Speizer, F. E., Wold, A., Yuan, S.-S. & Willett, W. (1996). Cohort studies of fat intake and the risk of breast cancer - a pooled analysis. New England Journal of Medicine 334, 356-361.
30. Hunter, D. J. Willett, W. C. (1993). Diet, size and breast cancer. Epidemiologic Reviews 15, 110-132.
31. Hunter, D. J. & Willett, W. C. (1996). Nutrition and breast cancer. Cancer Causes and Control 7, 56-68.
32. Kardinaal, A. F. M., van't Veer, P., Kok, F. J., Kohlmeier, L., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Huttunen, J. K., Hallen, M., Aro, A., Galvex, R., Gomez-Aracena, J., Kark, J. D., Martin, B. C., Mazaev, V. P., Riemersma, R. A., Ringstad, J., Strain, J. J. & Zatonsky, W. (1993). EURAMIC Study: Antioxidants, myocardial infarction and breast cancer. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, Suppl. 2, 64-71.
33. Kinsella, J. E., Hwang, D. H., Yu, P., Mai, J. & Shrimp, J. (1979). Prostaglandins and their precursors in tissues from rats fed on trans, trans-lineolate. Biochemical Journal 184, 701-704.
34. Knekt, P. (1988). Serum vitamin E level and risk of female cancers. International Journal of Epidemiology 17, 281-288.
35. Kohlmeier, L. (1997). Biomarkers of fatty acid exposure and breast cancer risk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (In the Press).
36. Kohlmeier, L. & Kohlmeier, M. (1995). Adipose tissue as a medium for epidemiologic exposure assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, Suppl. 3, 99-106.
37. Kohlmeier, L., Simonsen, N., Margolin, B. & Thamm, M. (1995). Stores of trans fatty acids and breast cancer risk. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 61, 896.
38. Koletzko, B. (1992). Trans fatty acids may impair biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturates and growth in man. Acta Paediatrica 81, 302-306.
39. Krieger, N., Wolff, M. S., Hiatt, R. A., Rivera, M., Vogelman, J. & Orentreich, N. (1994). Breast cancer and serum organochlorines: a prospective study among white, black and Asian women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 86, 589-599.
40. LaVecchia, C., Negri, E., Franceschi, S., Decarli, A., Giacosa, A. & Lipworth, L. (1995). Olive oil, other dietary fats, and the risk of breast cancer (Italy). Cancer Causes and Control 6, 545-550.
41. Lawson, L. D., Hill, E. G. & Holman, R. T. (1983). Suppression of arachidonic acid in lipids of rat tissues by dietary mixed isometrics and trans octadecenoates. Journal of Nutrition 113, 1827-1835.
42. Lichtman, S. W., Pisarska, K., Berman, E. R., Prestone, M., Dowling, H., Offenbacher, E., Weisel, H., Heshka, S., Matthews, D. E. & Heymsfield, S. B. (1992). Discrepancy between self-reported and actual caloric intake and exercise in obese subjects. New England Journal of Medicine 327, 1893-1898.
43. Lobbezzoo, I. E., van't Veer, P., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Guallar, E. L., Gomez-Aracena, J., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Kohlmeier, L., Martin, B. C., Strain, J. J., Thamm, M., van Zoonen, P., Baumann, B. A. & Kok, F. J. (1997). Adipose DDE and risk of post-menopausal breast cancer in Europe: the EURAMIC study. British Medical Journal (In the Press).
44. London, S. J., Sacks, F. M., Caesar, J., Stampfer, M. J., Siguel, E. & Willett, W. C. (1991). Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and diet in post-menopausal US women. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 54, 340-345.
45. London, S. J., Sacks, F. M., Stampfer, M. J., Henderson, I. C., Madwe, M., Tomita, A., Wood, W. C., Remine, C., Robert, N. J., Dmochowski, R. & Willett, W. (1993). Fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and risk of proliferative benign breast disease and breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, 785-793.
46. Longnecker, M. P. (1994). Alcoholic beverage consumption in relation to risk of breast cancer: meta-analysis and review. Cancer Causes and Control 5, 73-82.
47. Longnecker, M. P., Newcomb, P. A., Mittendorf, R., Greenberg, R. E., Clapp, R. W., Bogdan, G. F., Baron, J., MacMahon, B. & Willett, W. C. (1995a). Risk of breast cancer in relation to lifetime alcohol consumption. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 12, 923-929.
48. Longnecker, M. P., Paganini-Hill, A. & Ross, R. K. (1995b). Lifetime alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk among post-menopausal women in Los Angeles. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 4, 721-725.
49. Lu, L. W., Anderson, K. E., Grady, J. J. & Nagamani, M. (1996). Effects of soya consumption for one month on steroid hormones in premenopausal women: Implications for breast cancer risk reduction. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 5, 63-70.
50. McDanell, R., McLean, A. E., Hanley, A. B., Heaney, R. K. & Fenwick, G. R. (1989). The effect of feeding Brassica vegetables and intact glucosinolates on mixed-function-oxidase activity in the livers and intestines of rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology 27, 289-293.
51. Mahfouz, M. M., Smith, T. L. & Kummerow, F. A. (1984). Effect of dietary fats on desaturase activities and the biosynthesis of fatty acids in rat-liver microsomes. Lipids 19, 214-222.
52. Martin-Moreno, J. M., Willett, W. C., Gorgojo, L., Banegas, J. R., Rodriguez-Artalejo, F., Fernandez-Rodriguez, J. C., Maisonneuve, P. & Boyle, P. (1994). Dietary fat, olive oil intake and breast cancer risk. International Journal of Cancer 58, 774-780.
53. Marubini, E., Decarli, A., Costa, A., Mazzoleni, C., Andreoli, C., Barbieri, A., Capitelli, E., Carlucci, M., Cavallo, F., Monferroni, N., Pastorino, U. & Salvini, S. (1988). The relationship of dietary intake and serum levels of retinol and beta-carotene with breast cancer. Cancer 61, 173-180.
54. Messina, M. J., Persky, V., Setchell, K. D. R. & Barnes, S. (1994). Soy intake and cancer risk.: A review of the in vitro and in vivo data. Nutrition and Cancer 21, 113-131.
55. Michnovicz, J. J. & Bradlow, H. L. (1991). Altered oestrogen metabolism and excretion in humans following consumption of indole-3-carbinol. Nutrition and Cancer 16, 59-66.
56. Newfield, L., Goldsmith, A., Bradlow, H. L. & Auborn, K. (1993). Oestrogen metabolism and human papillomavirus-induced tumors of the larynx: Chemo-prophylaxis with indole-3-carbinol. Anticancer Research 13, 337-341.
57. Nogushi, M., Rose, D. P., Earashi, M. & Miyazaki, I. (1995). The role of fatty acids and eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors in breast carcinoma. Oncology 52, 265-271.
58. Olsen, S. F., Hansen, H. S., Sandström, B. & Jensen, B. (1995). Erythrocyte levels compared with reported dietary intake of marine n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women. British Journal of Nutrition 73, 387-395.
59. Paganini-Hill, A., Chao, A., Ross, R. K. & Henderson, B. E. (1987). Vitamin A, β-carotene, and the risk of cancer: a prospective study. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79, 443-448.
60. Palmgren, J. (1993). Controlling for total energy intake in regression models for assessing macronutrient effects on disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, Suppl. 2, S46-S50.
61. Potischman, M., McCulloch, C. E., Byers, T., Nemoto, T., Stubbe, N., Milch, R., Parker, R., Rasmussen, K. M., Root, M., Graham, S. & Campbell, T. C. (1990). Breast cancer and dietary and plasma concentrations of carotenoids and vitamin A. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 52, 909-915.
62. Prentice, R. L., & Sheppard, L. (1989). Validity of international, time trend, and migrant studies of dietary factors and disease risk. Preventive Medicine 18, 167-179.
63. Prestera, T., Holtzclaw, W. D., Zhang, Y. & Talalay, P. (1993). Chemical and molecular regulation of enzymes that detoxify carcinogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90, 2965-2969.
64. Reichman, M. E., Judd, J. T., Longcope, C. & Schatzkin, A. (1993). Effects of alcohol consumption on plasma and urinary hormone concentrations in premenopausal women. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, 722-727.
65. Rohan, T. E., McMichael, A. J. & Baghurst, P. A. (1988). A population-based case-control study of diet and breast cancer in Australia. American Journal of Epidemiology 128, 478-489.
66. Safe, S. H. (1995). Environmental and dietary estrogens and human health: Is there a problem? Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 346-351.
67. Scholar, E. M., Wolterman, K., Birt, D. F. & Bresnick, E. (1989). The effect of diets enriched in cabbage and collards on urine pulmonary metastasis. Nutrition and Cancer 12, 121-126.
68. Simonsen, M., Strain, J. J., van't Veer, P., Kardinaal, A., Fernandez-Crehuet, J., Huttunen, J., Martin-Moreno, J. M., Martin, B., Thamm, M., Kok, F. & Kohlmeier, L. (1996). Adipose tissue ω-3 fatty acids and breast cancer in a population of European women. American Journal of Epidemiology 143, Suppl. 135Abstr.
69. Stoewsand, G. S., Anderson, J. L. & Munson, L. (1988). Protective effect of dietary Brussels sprouts against mammary carcinogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Cancer Letters 39, 199-207.
70. Sutherland, S. E., Benard, V. B., Keil, J. E., Austin, H. & Hoel, D. G. (1996). Pesticides and twenty-year risk of breast cancer. American Journal of Epidemiology 143, Suppl., 135Abstr.
71. Telang, N. T., Bradlow, H. L. & Osborne, M. P. (1992). Molecular and endocrine biomarkers in non-involved breast: Relevance to cancer chemoprevention. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 16G, Suppl., 161-169.
72. Temple, N. J. & Basu, T. K. (1987). Selenium and cabbage and colon carcinogensis in mice. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 79, 1131-1134.
73. Temple, N. J. & el Khatib, S. M. (1987). Cabbage and vitamin E: their effect on colon tumour formation in mice. Cancer Letters 35, 71-77.
74. Thomas, D. B. (1995). Alcohol as a cause of cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, 153-160.
75. Toniolo, P., Riboli, E., Protta, F., Charrel, M. & Cappa, A. P. M. (1989). Breast cancer and alcohol consumption: a case-control study in Northern Italy. Cancer Research 49, 5203-5206.
76. Trichopolou, A., Katsouyanni, K., Stuver, S., Tzala, L., Gnardellis, C., Rimm, E. & Trichopoulos, D. (1995). Consumption of olive oil and specific food groups in relation to breast cancer risk in Greece. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 87, 110-116.
77. van't Veer, P., Kok, F. J., Hermus, R. J. & Sturmans, F. (1989). Alcohol dose, frequency and age at first exposure in relation to the risk of breast cancer. International Journal of Epidemiology 18, 511-517.
78. van't Veer, P., Strain, J. J., Fernandez-Crehuet, J., Martin, B. C., Thamm, M., Kardinaal, A. F. M., Kohlmeier, L., Huttunen, H. K., Martin-Moreno, J. M. & Kok, F. J. (1996). Tissue antioxidants and post-menopausal breast cancer: The European Community multicentre study on antioxidants, myocardial infarction and cancer of the breast (EURAMIC). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 5, 441-447.
79. Wald, N. J., Boreham, J., Hayward, J. L. & Bulbrook, R. D. (1984). Plasma retinol, beta-carotene and vitamin E levels in relation to future risk of breast cancer. British Journal of Cancer 49, 321-324.
80. Wald, N. J., Thompson, S. G., Densem, J. W., Boreham, J. & Bailey, A. (1988). Serum beta-carotene and subsequent risk of cancer: Results from the BUPA Study. British Journal of Cancer 57, 428-433.
81. Wattenberg, L. W. (1983). Inhibition of neoplasia by minor dietary constituents. Cancer Research 43, 2448S-2453S.
82. Willett, W. C., Polk, F., Underwood, B. A., Stampfer, M. J., Pressel, S., Rosner, B., Taylor, J. O., Schneider, K. & Harnes, C. G. (1984). Relation of serum vitamin A and E and carotenoids to the risk of cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 310, 430-434.
83. Wolff, M. S. & Toniolo, P. (1995). Environmental organochlorine exposure as a potential etiologic factor in breast cancer. Environmental Health Perspectives 103, Suppl. 7, 141-145.
84. Wolff, M. S., Toniolo, P., Lee, E., Rivera, M. & Dubin, N. (1993). Blood levels of organochlorine residues and risk of breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85, 648-652.
85. Young, T. B. (1989). A case control study of breast cancer and alcohol consumption habits. Cancer 64, 552-558.