메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 55-75

The EM algorithm in medical imaging

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHM; ARTICLE; BIOMETRY; COMPUTER ASSISTED EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMAGE PROCESSING; METHODOLOGY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; STATISTICAL MODEL; STATISTICS; TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 0031085098     PISSN: 09622802     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/096228029700600105     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0024078498 scopus 로고
    • Tomographic radiopharmaceutical imaging
    • Jasczak RJ. Tomographic radiopharmaceutical imaging. Proceedings of the IEEE 1988; 76: 1079-94.
    • (1988) Proceedings of the IEEE , vol.76 , pp. 1079-1094
    • Jasczak, R.J.1
  • 4
    • 0016984643 scopus 로고
    • A maximum likelihood approach to emission image reconstruction from projections
    • Rockmore A, Macovski A. A maximum likelihood approach to emission image reconstruction from projections. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 1976; 23: 1428-32.
    • (1976) IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science , vol.23 , pp. 1428-1432
    • Rockmore, A.1    Macovski, A.2
  • 6
    • 0020194763 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood reconstruction in positron emission tomography
    • Shepp LA and Vardi Y. Maximum likelihood reconstruction in positron emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1982; 1: 113-22.
    • (1982) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.1 , pp. 113-122
    • Shepp, L.A.1    Vardi, Y.2
  • 8
    • 0002752852 scopus 로고
    • A smoothed EM approach to indirect estimation problems, with particular reference to stereology and emission tomography
    • Silverman BW, Jones MC, Wilson JD, Nychka DW. A smoothed EM approach to indirect estimation problems, with particular reference to stereology and emission tomography. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 1990; 52: 271-324.
    • (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , vol.52 , pp. 271-324
    • Silverman, B.W.1    Jones, M.C.2    Wilson, J.D.3    Nychka, D.W.4
  • 10
    • 0023314408 scopus 로고
    • Implementing and accelerating the EM algorithm for positron emission tomography
    • Kaufman L. Implementing and accelerating the EM algorithm for positron emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1987; 6: 37-51.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 37-51
    • Kaufman, L.1
  • 15
    • 0025404969 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian reconstructions from emission tomography data using a modified EM algorithm
    • Green PJ. Bayesian reconstructions from emission tomography data using a modified EM algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1990; 9: 84-93.
    • (1990) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.9 , pp. 84-93
    • Green, P.J.1
  • 16
    • 0021327145 scopus 로고
    • EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography
    • Lange K, Carson R. EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 1984; 8: 306-16.
    • (1984) Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography , vol.8 , pp. 306-316
    • Lange, K.1    Carson, R.2
  • 17
    • 0023363121 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of some maximum likelihood algorithms for emission and transmission tomography
    • Lange K, Bahn M, Little R. A theoretical study of some maximum likelihood algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1987; 6: 106-14.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 106-114
    • Lange, K.1    Bahn, M.2    Little, R.3
  • 19
    • 0023421482 scopus 로고
    • A maximum a posteriori expectation maximisation algorithm for image reconstruction in emission tomography
    • Levitan E, Herman GT. A maximum a posteriori expectation maximisation algorithm for image reconstruction in emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1987; 6: 185-92.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 185-192
    • Levitan, E.1    Herman, G.T.2
  • 20
    • 0022683404 scopus 로고
    • Accelerated iterative reconstruction for emission tomography based on the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation
    • Lewitt RM, Muehllehner G. Accelerated iterative reconstruction for emission tomography based on the EM algorithm for maximum likelihood estimation. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1985; 5: 16-22.
    • (1985) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.5 , pp. 16-22
    • Lewitt, R.M.1    Muehllehner, G.2
  • 21
    • 0347791043 scopus 로고
    • Bayesian image processing of data from constrained source distributions: I and II
    • Liang Z, Hart Z. Bayesian image processing of data from constrained source distributions: I and II. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 1987; 49: 51-91.
    • (1987) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology , vol.49 , pp. 51-91
    • Liang, Z.1    Hart, Z.2
  • 23
    • 4143107116 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the maximum likelihood method of reconstruction of images in positron emission tomography
    • Mintun MA, Gorman J, Swift AG, Snyder DL. Evaluation of the maximum likelihood method of reconstruction of images in positron emission tomography. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1985; 26: 720.
    • (1985) Journal of Nuclear Medicine , vol.26 , pp. 720
    • Mintun, M.A.1    Gorman, J.2    Swift, A.G.3    Snyder, D.L.4
  • 24
    • 0024681039 scopus 로고
    • A generalized EM algorithm for 3D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs prior
    • Herbert T, Leahy R. A generalized EM algorithm for 3D Bayesian reconstruction from Poisson data using Gibbs prior. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1989; 8: 194-202.
    • (1989) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.8 , pp. 194-202
    • Herbert, T.1    Leahy, R.2
  • 25
    • 0027190119 scopus 로고
    • Iterative image reconstruction algorithms based on cross-entropy minimization
    • Byrne CL. Iterative image reconstruction algorithms based on cross-entropy minimization. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1993; 2: 96-103.
    • (1993) IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol.2 , pp. 96-103
    • Byrne, C.L.1
  • 26
    • 0021370790 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood reconstruction for single photon emission computed tomography
    • Miller MI, Snyder DL, Miller TR. Maximum likelihood reconstruction for single photon emission computed tomography. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 1985; 32: 769-78.
    • (1985) IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science , vol.32 , pp. 769-778
    • Miller, M.I.1    Snyder, D.L.2    Miller, T.R.3
  • 27
    • 0026222685 scopus 로고
    • Performance evaluation of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for positron emission tomography
    • Herman GT, Odhner D. Performance evaluation of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for positron emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1991; 10: 336-45.
    • (1991) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 336-345
    • Herman, G.T.1    Odhner, D.2
  • 29
    • 0021327145 scopus 로고
    • EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography
    • Lange K, Carson R. EM reconstruction algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 1984; 8: 306-16.
    • (1984) Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography , vol.8 , pp. 306-316
    • Lange, K.1    Carson, R.2
  • 30
    • 0023363121 scopus 로고
    • A theoretical study of some maximum likelihood algorithms for emission and transmission tomography
    • Lange K, Bahn M, Little R. A theoretical study of some maximum likelihood algorithms for emission and transmission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1987; 6: 106-14.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 106-114
    • Lange, K.1    Bahn, M.2    Little, R.3
  • 31
    • 0028392927 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood reconstruction of transmission images in emission computed tomography via the EM algorithm
    • Ollinger JM. Maximum likelihood reconstruction of transmission images in emission computed tomography via the EM algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1994; 13: 89-101.
    • (1994) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.13 , pp. 89-101
    • Ollinger, J.M.1
  • 32
    • 0023670085 scopus 로고
    • Stopping rule for the MLE algorithm based on statistical hypothesis testing
    • Veklerov E, Llacer J. Stopping rule for the MLE algorithm based on statistical hypothesis testing. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1987; 6: 313-19.
    • (1987) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 313-319
    • Veklerov, E.1    Llacer, J.2
  • 33
    • 0025447299 scopus 로고
    • A fast Bayesian reconstruction algorithm for emission tomography with entropy prior converging to feasible images
    • Nunez J, Llacer J. A fast Bayesian reconstruction algorithm for emission tomography with entropy prior converging to feasible images. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1990; 9: 159-71.
    • (1990) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.9 , pp. 159-171
    • Nunez, J.1    Llacer, J.2
  • 34
    • 84972545853 scopus 로고
    • A statistical perspective on illposed problems
    • O'Sullivan F. A statistical perspective on illposed problems (with comments). Statistical Science 1986; 1: 502-27.
    • (1986) Statistical Science , vol.1 , pp. 502-527
    • O'Sullivan, F.1
  • 35
    • 0001632008 scopus 로고
    • General structure of regularization procedures in image reconstruction
    • Titterington DM. General structure of regularization procedures in image reconstruction. Astronomy and Astrophysics 1985; 144: 381-87.
    • (1985) Astronomy and Astrophysics , vol.144 , pp. 381-387
    • Titterington, D.M.1
  • 37
    • 0022142465 scopus 로고
    • The use of sieves to stabilize images produced with the EM algorithm for emission tomography
    • Snyder DL and Miller MI. The use of sieves to stabilize images produced with the EM algorithm for emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 1985; 32: 3864-72.
    • (1985) IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science , vol.32 , pp. 3864-3872
    • Snyder, D.L.1    Miller, M.I.2
  • 40
    • 0028517016 scopus 로고
    • Space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm
    • Fessier JA, Hero AO. Space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1994; 42: 2644-77.
    • (1994) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , vol.42 , pp. 2644-2677
    • Fessier, J.A.1    Hero, A.O.2
  • 41
    • 0029392038 scopus 로고
    • Penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction using space-alternating generalized EM algorithms
    • Fessler JA, Hero AO. Penalized maximum-likelihood image reconstruction using space-alternating generalized EM algorithms. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing 1995; 4: 1417-29.
    • (1995) IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol.4 , pp. 1417-1429
    • Fessler, J.A.1    Hero, A.O.2
  • 42
    • 0026121689 scopus 로고
    • Corrections for accidental coincidences and attenuation in maximum-likelihood reconstruction for positron-emission tomography
    • Politte DG, Snyder DL. Corrections for accidental coincidences and attenuation in maximum-likelihood reconstruction for positron-emission tomography. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1991; 10: 82-89.
    • (1991) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.10 , pp. 82-89
    • Politte, D.G.1    Snyder, D.L.2
  • 45
    • 0000013152 scopus 로고
    • On the statistical analysis of dirty pictures
    • Besag JE. On the statistical analysis of dirty pictures (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 1986; 48: 259-302.
    • (1986) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , vol.48 , pp. 259-302
    • Besag, J.E.1
  • 46
    • 0027542459 scopus 로고
    • A local update strategy for iterative reconstruction from projections
    • Sauer K, Bouman C. A local update strategy for iterative reconstruction from projections. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 1993; 41: 534-48.
    • (1993) IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing , vol.41 , pp. 534-548
    • Sauer, K.1    Bouman, C.2
  • 48
    • 0003275328 scopus 로고
    • Random fields and inverse problems in imaging
    • Springer
    • Geman D. Random fields and inverse problems in imaging. Lecture notes in mathematics. Springer, 1991: 1427.
    • (1991) Lecture Notes in Mathematics , pp. 1427
    • Geman, D.1
  • 52
    • 4143095094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust priors for smothing and image restoration. Research report 67
    • ETH, CH-8092 Zurich
    • Kunsch HR. Robust priors for smothing and image restoration. Research report 67. Seminar für Statistik, ETH, CH-8092 Zurich.
    • Seminar für Statistik
    • Kunsch, H.R.1
  • 54
    • 0000357775 scopus 로고
    • On the use of the EM algorithm for penalized likelihood estimation
    • Green PJ. On the use of the EM algorithm for penalized likelihood estimation. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 1990; 52: 443-52.
    • (1990) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B , vol.52 , pp. 443-452
    • Green, P.J.1
  • 55
    • 0025587714 scopus 로고
    • Convergence of EM image reconstruction algorithms with Gibbs smoothing
    • Lange K. Convergence of EM image reconstruction algorithms with Gibbs smoothing. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 1990; 9: 439-46.
    • (1990) IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging , vol.9 , pp. 439-446
    • Lange, K.1
  • 56
    • 38249021091 scopus 로고
    • Some properties of adding a smoothing step to the EM algorithm
    • Nychka DW. Some properties of adding a smoothing step to the EM algorithm. Statistical Probability Letters 1990; 9: 187-93.
    • (1990) Statistical Probability Letters , vol.9 , pp. 187-193
    • Nychka, D.W.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.