Kinetics of flue gas desulphurization at low temperatures: Fly ash/calcium (3/1) sorbent behaviour

Chemical Engineering Science

Volumn 52, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 715-732

  Garea, A ^a   Viguri, J R ^a   Irabien, A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CANTABRIA   (Spain)

Author keywords

Desulphurization; kinetics; sorbents

Indexed keywords

KINETIC THEORIES; SEPARATION-GAS/SOLID; SORPTION;

ADSORPTION; ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; CALCIUM; CONCENTRATION (PROCESS); DESULFURIZATION; FLY ASH; LOW TEMPERATURE OPERATIONS; REACTION KINETICS; SULFUR DIOXIDE;

REACTION RATE EQUATIONS;

FLUE GASES;

EID: 0031082007     PISSN: 00092509     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0009-2509(96)00452-6     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. x in diesel exhausts by SCR technique: experiments and simulations. A.I.Ch.E. J. 40, 1911-1919.
2. Bares, J., Marecek, J., Mocek, K. and Erdös, E. (1970) Kinetics of the reaction between the solid sodium carbonate and the gaseous sulphur dioxide. III. Study in an integral fixed-bed reactor. Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Comm. 35, 1628-1641.
3. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
4. 2-lime reaction. A.I.Ch.E. J. 27, 226-234.
5. 2 lime reaction. A.I.Ch.E. J. 29, 79-86.
6. Brunauer, S., Love, K. S. and Keenan, R. G. (1942) Adsorption of nitrogen and the mechanism of ammonia decomposition over iron catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 64, 751-758.
7. Carberry, J. J. (1976) Chemical and Catalytic Reaction Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York, U.S.A.
8. Carberry, J. and Varma, A. (1987) Chemical Reaction and Reactor Engineering. Marcel Dekker, New York, U.S.A.
9. 2. J.A.P.C.A. 39, 175-179.
10. Corma, A., Llopis, F., Monton, J. B. and Weller, S. W. (1988) Comparison of models in heterogeneous catalysis for ideal and non-ideal surfaces. Chem. Engng Sci. 43, 785-792.
11. Cortabitarte, F., Ortiz, M. I. and Irabien, A. (1992) Flue gas desulphurization at low temperatures. Thermogravimetric characterization of the reaction product. Thermochim. Acta 207, 255-264.
12. Costa, J., Cunill, F., Tejero, J. and Izquierdo, J. F. (1990) Desulfuración de humos en centrales térmicas: métodos semihúmedos. Ingeniería Química July, 151-160.
13. Damle, A. S., Ramanathan, K. and Harmon, D. L. (1986) Kinetics of reaction between hydrated lime and sulfur dioxide. Proceedings of the 6th Symposium Transfer Util. Part. Control Technol., Vol. 1, pp. 18/1-18/20.
14. 2 removal. Thermochim. Acta 189, 1-24.
15. Doraiswamy, L. K. and Kulkarni, B. D. (1987) Gas-Solid Noncatalytic Reactions. In Chemical Reactor and Reaction Engineering, Chap. 5. Marcel Dekker, New York, U.S.A.
16. Doraiswamy, L. K. and Prasad S. D. (1987) Effect of interaction and mobility on fixed-bed reactor performance. Chem. Engng Comm. 58, 63-88.
17. Duo, W., Seville, J. P. K., Kirkby, N. F. and Clift, R. (1994) Formation of product layers in gas-solid reactions for removal of acid gases. Chem. Engng Sci. 49, 4429-4442.
18. Efthimiadis, E. A. and Sotirchos, S. V. (1993) Effects of pore structure on the performance of coal gas desulfurization sorbents. Chem. Engng Sci. 48, 1971-1984.
19. Froment, G. F. and Bischoff, K. B. (1979) Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design, 2nd Edn. John Wiley, New York, U.S.A.
20. Gadalla, A. M. and Gupta, A. (1994) Characterization of the product of the thiosulfate process for desulfurization of flue gases. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 33, 1145-1149.
21. Garding, M. and Svedberg, G. (1988) Modeling of dry injection flue gas desulfurization. J.A.P.C.A. 38, 1275-1280.
22. Georgakis, C., Chang, C. W. and Szekely, J. (1979) A changing grain size model for gas-solid reactions. Chem. Engng Sci. 34, 1072.
23. Glasson, D. R. and O'Neill, P. (1978) Thermogravimetric studies of alkaline earth metal sulphites. Proceedings of the Symposium On Characterisation of Porous Solids, Neuchatel, Switzerland.
24. Haines, P. J. (1995) Thermal Methods of Analysis. Blackie Academic & Professional, London, U.K.
25. 3. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 27, 2203-2210.
26. Hall, B. W., Singer, C., Jozewizc, W., Sedman, C. B. and Maxwell, M. A. (1992) Current status of the ADVACATE process for flue gas desulfurization. J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 42, 103-110.
27. Hartman, M. and Coughlin, R. W. (1976) Reaction of sulphur dioxide with limestone and the grain model. A.I.Ch.E. J. 22, 490.
28. Hartman, M. and Trnka O. (1993) Reactions between calcium oxide and flue gas containing sulfur dioxide at lower temperatures, A.I.Ch.E. J. 39, 615-624.
29. Heesink, A. B. M., Prins, W. and Van Swaaij, W. P. M. (1993) A grain size distribution model for non-catalytic gas-solid reactions. Chem. Engng J. 53, 25-37.
30. 2 removal. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 31, 1130-1135.
31. Ichikawa, S. (1988) Heterogeneous catalysis with nonuniformly reactive adsorbates. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 6970-6978.
32. Irabien, A., Cortabitarte, F., Viguri, J. R. and Ortiz, M. I. (1990) Kinetic model for desulfurization at low temperatures using calcium hydroxide. Chem. Engng Sci. 45, 3427-3433.
33. Irabien, A., Cortabitarte, F. and Ortiz, M. I. (1992) Kinetics of the flue gas desulfurization at low temperatures: nonideal surface adsorption model. Chem. Engng Sci. 47, 1533-1543.
34. Irabien, A., Ortiz, M. I., Cortabitarte, F., Garea, A. and Viguri, J. R. (1993) Flue gas desulphurisation at low temperatures using hydrated lime. Maximum conversion of the solid reagent. Desulphurisation 3 J. Chem. E. Symp. Ser. 131, 229-242.
35. Ishida, M. and Wen C. Y. (1968) Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions. A.I.Ch.E. J. 14, 311.
36. Izquierdo, J. F., Cunill, F., Martinez, J. C., Tejero, J. and Garcia, A. (1992) Fly ash reactivation for the desulfurization of coal-fired utility station's flue gas. Sep. Sci. Technol. 27, 61-72.
37. 2 removal. Environ. Progr. 6, 26-32.
38. Jozewicz, W. and Rochelle, G. T. (1986) Fly ash recycle in dry scrubbing. Environ. Progr. 5, 219-224.
39. 2 control. Environ. Sci. Technol. 21, 664-670.
40. Jozewicz, W., Jorgensen, C., Chang, J. C. S., Sedman, C. B. and Brna, T. (1988a) Development and pilot plant evaluation of silica-enhanced lime sorbents for dry flue gas desulfurization. J.A.P.C.A. 38, 796-805.
41. 2 from flue gas. J.A.P.C.A. 38, 1027-1034.
42. 2 control. Reactivity Solids 6, 243-262.
43. Jozewicz, W., Chang, J. C. S. and Sedman C. B. (1990) Bench-scale evaluation of calcium sorbents for acid gas emission control. Environ. Progr. 9, 137-142.
44. 3. J.A.P.C.A. 34, 651-654.
45. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
46. 2-limestone reaction at low temperature. Chem. Engng Comm. 22, 81-103.
47. Klingspor, J., Stromberg, A.-M., Karlsson, H. T. and Bjerle, I. (1984) Similarities between lime and limestone in wet-dry scrubbing. Chem. Engng Process 18, 239-247.
48. 2 removal from flue gas with dry limestone. Gas Sep. Purif. 5, 259-260.
49. Krishnan, S. V. and Sotirchos, S. V. (1993) A variable diffusivity shrinking-core model and its application to the direct sulfation of limestone. Can. J. Chem. Engng 71, 734-745.
50. 2 Control Symposium, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
51. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
52. Levenspiel, O. (1988) Ingeniería de las Reacciones Químicas. Editorial Reverté, Barcelona.
53. Lippert, E., Mocek, K. and Erdöss, E. (1982) Analogues of the active and inactive sodium carbonate. Collection Czechoslov, Chem. Comm. 41, 3348-3361.
54. Maalmi, M., Varma, A. and Strieder, W. C. (1995) The sharp interface model: zero-order reaction with volume change. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 34, 1114-1125.
55. Makansi, J. (1986) New processes enhance the in-duct emissions-control option. Power July, 27-29.
56. Marecek, J., Mocek, K. and Erdöss, E. (1970) Kinetics of the reaction between the solid sodium carbonate and the gaseous sulphur dioxide. IV. Effect on the gas phase composition and of temperature in an integral fixed-bed reactor. Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Comm. 35, 154-165.
57. 2 removal of flue gas. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 30, 2143-2147.
58. Murzin, D. Y. (1995) Modeling of adsorption and kinetics in catalysis over induced nonuniform surfaces. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 34, 1208-1218.
59. Muzio, L. J. and Often, G. R. (1987) Dry sorbent emission control technologies. Part I. Fundamental studies. J.A.P.C.A. 37, 642-654.
60. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
61. Offen, G. R., McElroy, M. W. and Muzio, J. L. (1987) Dry sorbent emission control technologies. Part II. Applications. J.A.P.C.A. 37, 968-981.
62. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
63. Otaigbe, J. U. and Egiebor, N. O. (1992) In situ desulfurization of coke by novel activated sulfur sorbents during combustion. Thermochim. Acta 195, 183-194.
64. 2 Control Symposium, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
65. 2 to produce calcium silicate adsorbent for flue gas desulfurization. Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 1299-1304.
66. 2 Control Symposium, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
67. 2 Control Symposium, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A.
68. Press, W. H., Flannery, B. P., Teukolsky, S. A. and Vetterling, W. T. (1989) Numerical Recipes. The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge University Press, New York, U.S.A.
69. Ramachandran, P. A. and Doraiswamy, L. K. (1982) Modeling of noncatalytic gas-solid reactions. A.I.Ch.E, J. 28, 881-900.
70. Ramachandran, P. A. and Smith, J. M. (1977) Single pore model for gas-solid noncatalytic reactions. A.I.Ch.E. J. 23, 353-361.
71. Reyes, S. and Jensen, K. F. (1987) Percolation concepts in modelling of gas solid reactions. III. Application to sulphation of calcined limestone. Chem. Engng Sci. 42, 565-574.
72. Rice, R. W. and Bond, G. A. (1990) Flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry scrubbing using calcium hydroxide. A.I.Ch.E. J. 36, 473-477.
73. 2 Control Symposium, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A.
74. Rode, H. and Hlavacek, V. (1995) Detailed kinetics of titanium nitride synthesis. A.I.Ch.E. J. 41, 377-388.
75. Rode, H., Orlicki, D. and Hlavacek, V. (1994) Reactivity, experimental strategy and reaction rate data evaluation in noncatalytic gas-solid systems. Chem. Engng Sci. 49, 4103-4120.
76. von Rosenberg, D. U., Chamber, R. P. and Swan, G. A. (1977) Numerical solution of surface controlled fixed-bed adsorption. Ind. Engng Chem. Fundam. 16, 154-157.
77. Row, R. W. (1994) Developments in the management of wastes from coal-fired power plants. Waste Management 14, 299-308.
78. 2. A.C.S. Symp. Ser. 319, 208-222.
79. 2 removal in spray dryer absorbers. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 34, 302-307.
80. Sedman, C. B., Maxwell, M. A., Jozewicz, W. and Chang, J. C. S. (1991a) Commercial development of the ADVACATE process for flue gas desulfurization. 1991 A.W.M.A. Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
81. 2 Control Symposium, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
82. 2 and CaO using the thermogravimetric technique. Thermochim. Acta 180, 9-21.
83. Simons, G. A. and Garman, A. R. (1986) Small pore closure and the deactivation of the limestone sulfation reaction. A.I.Ch.E. J. 32, 1491-1499.
84. 2 Control Symposium, Washington, DC, U.S.A.
85. Sotirchos, S. U. and Yu, H.-C. (1985) Mathematical modelling of gas-solid reactions with solid product. Chem. Engng Sci. 40, 2039-2052.
86. Staudinger, G., Krammer, G. and Eckerstorfer, K. (1991) Dry limestone technique with ash feedback and activation for 90% desulfurization. V.G.B. Kraftwerkstechnik 10, 956-961.
87. 2 Control Symposium, St. Louis, MO, U.S.A.
88. Stouffer, M. R., Yoon, H. and Burke F. P. (1989) An investigation of the mechanisms of flue gas desulfurization by in-duct dry sorbent injection. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 28, 20-27.
89. 2 Control Symposium, Boston, MA, U.S.A.
90. Szekely, J., Evans, J. W. and Sohn, H. Y. (1976) Gas-Solid Reactions. Academic Press, New York, U.S.A.
91. Temkin, M. I. (1972) Theoretical models of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Kinet. Catal. 13, 503-511.
92. 2 removal prepared from coal fly ash. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 34, 1404-1411.
93. 2 on metal oxides in a fluidized bed. Ind. Engng Chem. Res. 27, 434-439.
94. Vobis, J., Mocek, K. and Erdöss, E. (1981) Contribution to the study of the reaction between the solid sodium carbonate and gaseous sulphur dioxide. Collection Czechoslov. Chem. Comm. 46, 2281-2288.
95. Yagi, S. and Kunnii, D. (1955) Proceedings of the 5th Symposium (International) on Combustion, p. 231. Reinhold, New York, U.S.A.
96. 2 abatement technology. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Pittsburgh Coal Conference, Pittsburgh, U.S.A.
97. 2 control technologies for high sulfur coal applications. 79th Annual Meeting and Exhibition, Air Pollution Control Association, Minneapolis, U.S.A.
98. Yoon H., Stouffer M. R., Rosenhoover W. A., Withum J. A. and Burke F. P. (1988) Pilot process variable study of COOLSIDE desulfurization. Environ. Progr. 7, 104-111.
99. Yu, H. C. and Sotirchos, S. V. (1987) A generalized pore model for gas-solid reactions exhibiting pore closure. A.I.Ch.E. J. 33, 382.