Wind as an ecological factor

Trends in Ecology and Evolution

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 108-111

  Ennos, A R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DISTURBANCE; FOREST DYNAMICS; HURRICANE; TREE GROWTH; WIND;

EID: 0031081924     PISSN: 01695347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-5347(96)10066-5     Document Type: Review

References (30)

1. 1 Grace, J. (1977) Plant Responses to Wind, Academic Press
2. 2 Van Gardingen, P. and Grace, J. (1991) Plants and wind, Adv. Bot. Res. 18, 189-253
3. 3 Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J. (1995) Wind and Trees, Cambridge University Press
4. 4 Brokaw, N.V.L. and Walker, L.R. (1991) Summary of the effects of the Carribean hurricanes on vegetation, Biotropica 23, 442-447
5. 5 Tanner, E.V.J., Kapos, V. and Healey, J.R. (1991) Hurricane effects on forest ecosystems in the Caribbean, Biotropica 23, 513-521
6. 6 Zimmerman, J.K. et al. (1994) Responses of tree species to hurricane winds in subtropical wet forest in Puerto Rico: implications for tropical tree life histories, J. Ecol. 82, 911-922
7. 7 Foster, D.R. and Boose, E.R. (1992) Patterns of forest damage resulting from catastrophic wind in central New England, USA, J. Ecol. 80, 79-98
8. 8 Foster, D.R. and Boose, E.R. (1995) Hurricane disturbance regimes in temperate and tropical forest ecosystems, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 305-339, Cambridge University Press
9. 9 Grace, J. and Norton, D.A. (1990) Climate and growth of Pinus Sylvestris in its upper altitudiual limit in Scotland: evidence from tree growth-rings, J. Ecol. 78, 601-610
10. 10 James, J.C., Grace, J. and Hoad, S.P. (1994) Growth and photosynthesis of Pinus sylvestris at its altitudinal limit in Scotland, J. Ecol. 82, 297-306
11. 11 Van Gardingen, P., Grace, J. and Jeffree, C.E. (1991) Abrasive damage by wind to the needle surfaces of Picea sitchensis (Bong) Carr and Pinus sylvestris L, Plant Cell Environ. 14, 185-193
12. 12 Telewski, F.W. (1995) Wind-induced physiological and developmental responses in trees, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 237-263, Cambridge University Press
13. 13 Niklas, K.J. (1996) Differences between Acer saccharum leaves from open and wind-protected sites, Ann. Bot. 78, 61-66
14. 14 Mattheck, C. (1991) Trees: the Mechanical Design, Springer-Verlag
15. 15 Ennos, A.R. Flexible structures in biology, Comm. Theor. Biol. (in press)
16. 16 Vogel, S. (1995) Twist-to-bend ratios of woody structures, J. Exp. Bot. 46, 981-985
17. 17 Stokes, A., Fitter, A.H. and Coutts, M.P. (1995) Responses of young trees to wind and shading: effects on root architecture, J. Exp. Bot. 46, 1139-1146
18. 18 Vogel, S. (1978) Life in Moving Fluids, Princeton University Press
19. 19 Mayhead, G.J. (1973) Some drag coefficients for British trees derived from wind tunnel studies, Agric. Meteorol. 12, 123-130
20. 20 Roodbaraky, H.J. et al. (1994) Experimental observations of the aerodynamic characteristics of urban trees, J. Wind. Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 52, 171-184
21. 21 Vogel, S. (1989) Drag and reconfiguration of broad leaves in high winds, J. Exp. Bot. 40, 941-948
22. 22 King, D. and Loucks, O.L. (1978) The theory of tree bole and branch form, Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 15, 141-165
23. 23 Bertram, J.E.A. (1989) Size-dependent differential scaling in branches: the mechanical design of trees revisited, Trees 4, 241-253
24. 24 Blackburn, P., Petty, J.A. and Miller, K.F. (1988) An assessment of the static and dynamic factors involved in windthrow, Forestry 61, 29-43
25. 25 Baker, C.J. (1995) The development of a theoretical model for the windthrow of plants, J. Theor. Biol. 175, 355-372
26. 26 Wood, C.J. (1995) Understanding wind forces on trees, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 133-164, Cambridge University Press
27. 27 Nielsen, C.C.N. (1995) Recommendations for stabilisation of Norway spruce subjected to snow and wind damage, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 424-435, Cambridge University Press
28. 28 Whitmore, T.C. (1984) Tropical Rainforests of the Far East, (2nd edn), Clarendon Press
29. 29 Gardiner, B.A. (1995) The interactions of wind and tree movement in forest canopies, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 41-59, Cambridge University Press
30. 30 Ennos, A.R. (1995) Development of buttresses in rainforest trees: the influence of mechanical stress, in Wind and Trees (Coutts, M.P. and Grace, J., eds), pp. 293-301, Cambridge University Press