So carcinogens have thresholds: How do we decide what exposure levels should be considered safe?

Risk Analysis

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 1-3

  Wilson, James D ^a  

^a Center for Risk Management   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HEALTH RISKS; MUTAGENS; RISK ASSESSMENT;

THRESHOLD PROCESS;

CARCINOGENS;

CARCINOGEN;

CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENICITY; CELL DIVISION; DOSE RESPONSE; MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION; MOLECULAR GENETICS; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0031080513     PISSN: 02724332     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1997.tb00837.x     Document Type: Review

References (13)

1. U.S. EPA, "Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment," Fed Regulat. 61(79), 17960-17994 (April 23, 1996); U.S. EPA, "Assessment of Thyroid Follicular Cell Tumors," SAB Review Draft (April 1, 1996).
2. U.S. EPA, "Proposed Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment," Fed Regulat. 61(79), 17960-17994 (April 23, 1996); U.S. EPA, "Assessment of Thyroid Follicular Cell Tumors," SAB Review Draft (April 1, 1996).
3. J. D. Wilson, "Thresholds for Carcinogens: A Review of the Relevant Science and Its Implications for Regulatory Policy," Discussion Paper 96-21, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C , June 1996.
4. D. M. Byrd and L. B. Lave, "Significant Risk is Not the Antonym of de minimus Risk," in C. Whipple (ed.), De Minimus Risk (Plenum Publishing Company, New York, 1987); D. M. Byrd and L. B. Lave, "Narrowing the Range: A Framework for Risk Regulators," Issues Sci. Technol. (Summer) 92-100 (1987).
5. D. M. Byrd and L. B. Lave, "Significant Risk is Not the Antonym of de minimus Risk," in C. Whipple (ed.), De Minimus Risk (Plenum Publishing Company, New York, 1987); D. M. Byrd and L. B. Lave, "Narrowing the Range: A Framework for Risk Regulators," Issues Sci. Technol. (Summer) 92-100 (1987).
6. R. C. Barnard, "Some Regulatory Definitions of Risk: Interaction of Scientific and Legal Principles," Regular. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 11, 201-211 (1990).
7. J. M. Ziman, Reliable Knowledge (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1978).
8. S. Olin, W. Farland, C. Park, L. Rhomberg, R. Scheuplein, T. Starr, and J. Wilson, Low-Dose Extrapolation of Cancer Risks: Issues and Perspectives (ILSI Press, Washington, D.C. 1995)
9. D. W. Gaylor, "Preliminary Estimates of the Virtually Safe Dose for Tumors Obtained from the Maximum Tolerated Dose," Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 9, 1-18 (1989).
10. D. W. Gaylor, "Quantitative Risk Analysis for Quantal Reproductive and Developmental Effects," Environ. Health Perspect. 79, 229-241 (1989).
11. M. Dourson and D. Barnes, "Reference Dose (RfD): Description and Use in Health Risk Assessments," Regulat. Toxicol. Pharmacol 8, 471-486 (1988).
12. P. L. Price, R. M. Putzrath, and J D. Wilson, Environ. Sci. Tech. (submitted).
13. J. L. Seabaugh, J. D. Wilson, M. W. Tucker, and W. J. Adams, "A Study of the Shape of Dose-Response Curves for Acute Lethality at Low Response: A 'Megadaphma' Study," Risk Anal. 11, 633-640 (1991).