Effect of digital rectal examination and needle biopsy on serum total and percentage of free prostate specific antigen levels

Journal of Urology

Volumn 157, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 195-198

  Ornstein, David K ^a   Rao, Ganesh S ^a   Smith, Deborah S ^a   Ratliff, Timothy L ^a   Basler, Joseph W ^a   Catalona, William J ^a  

^a WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

biopsy; prostate specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms

Indexed keywords

PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER SCREENING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HUMAN TISSUE; MALE; NEEDLE BIOPSY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER;

EID: 0031060444     PISSN: 00225347     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-5347(01)65321-7     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Stamey, T. A., Ekman, P. E., Blankenstein, M. A., Cooper, E. H., Konturri, M., Lilja, J., Oesterling, J. E., Stenman, U. H. and Turkes, A.: Tumor markers. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol., suppl., 162: 73, 1994.
2. Schellhammer, P. L. and Wright, G. L., Jr.: Biomolecular and clinical characteristics of PSA and other candidate prostate tumor markers. Urol. Clin. N. Amer., 20: 597, 1993.
3. Lilja, H., Christensson, A., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M.-T., Nilsson, O., Pettersson, K. and Lövgren, T.: Prostate-specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Clin. Chem., 37: 1618, 1991.
4. Lilja, H.: Structure, function, and regulation of the enzyme activity of prostate-specific antigen. World J. Urol., 11: 188, 1993.
5. Zhou, A. M., Tewari, P. C., Bluestein, B. I., Caldwell, G. W. and Larsen, F. L.: Multiple forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum: differences in immunorecognition by monoclonal and polyclonal assays. Clin. Chem., 39: 2483, 1993.
6. Catalona, W. J., Smith, D. S., Ratliff, T. L., Dodds, K. M., Coplen, D. E., Yuan, J. J. J., Petros, J. A. and Andriole, G. L.: Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. New Engl. J. Med., 324: 1156, 1991.
7. Stamey, T. A., Yang, N., Hay, A. R., McNeal, J. E., Freiha, F. S. and Redwine, E.: Prostate-specific antigen as a serum marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. New Engl. J. Med., 317: 909, 1987.
8. Oesterling, J. E.: Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. J. Urol., 145: 907, 1991.
9. Christensson, A., Björk, T., Nilsson, O., Dahlén, U., Matikainen, M.-T., Cockett, A. T. K., Abrahamsson, P.-A. and Lilja, H.: Serum prostate-specific antigen complexed to alantichymotrypsin as an indicator of prostate cancer. J. Urol., 150: 100, 1993.
10. Stenman, U. H., Leinonen, J., Henrik, A., Rannikko, S., Tuhkanen, K. and Alfthan, O. A.: Complex between prostate-specific antigen and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate-specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer. Cancer Res., 51: 222, 1991.
11. Luderer, A. A., Chen, Y.-T., Soriano, T. F., Kramp, W. J., Carlson, G., Cuny, C., Sharp, T., Smith, W., Petteway, J., Brawer, M. K. and Thiel, R.: Measurement of the proportion of free to total prostate-specific antigen improves diagnostic performance of prostate-specific antigen in the diagnostic gray zone of total prostate-specific antigen. Urology, 46: 187, 1995.
12. Catalona, W. J., Smith, D. S., Wolfert, R. L., Wang, T. J., Rittenhouse, H. G., Ratliff, T. L. and Nadler, R. B.: Evaluation of percentage of free serum prostate-specific antigen improve specificity of prostate cancer screening. J.A.M.A., 274: 1214, 1995.
13. Yuan, J. J. J., Coplen, D. E., Petros, J. A., Figenshau, R. S., Ratliff, T. L., Smith, D. S. and Catalona, W. J.: Effects of rectal examination, prostatic massage, ultrasonography and needle biopsy on serum prostate specific antigen levels. J. Urol., 147: 810, 1992.
14. Glenski, W. J., Klee, G. C., Bergstralh, E. J. and Oesterling, J. E.: Prostate-specific antigen: establishment of the reference range for the clinically normal prostate gland and the effect of digital rectal examination, ejaculation, and time on serum concentrations. Prostate, 21: 99, 1992.
15. Mehta, C. R. and Patel, N. R.: A network algorithm for performing Fisher's exact test in r X c contingency tables. J. Amer. Stat. Ass., 78: 427, 1983.
16. Mettlin, C., Littrup, P. J., Kane, R. A., Murphy, G. P., Lee, F., Chesley, A., Badalament, R. and Mostofi, F. K.: Relative sensitivity and specificity of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level compared with age-referenced PSA, PSA density, and PSA change. Data from the American Cancer Society National Prostate Cancer Detection Project. Cancer, 74: 1615, 1994.
17. Catalona, W. J., Colberg, J. W., Smith, D. S., Ornstein, D. K. and Shayka, J. J.: Measurement of percent-free PSA improves specificity for lower PSA cutoffs in prostate cancer screening. J. Urol., part 2, 155: 422A, abstract 447, 1996.
18. Bunting, P. S.: A guide to the interpretation on serum prostate specific antigen levels. Clin. Biochem., 28: 221, 1995.
19. McCormack, R. T., Rittenhouse, H. G., Finlay, J. A., Sokoloff, R. L., Wang, T. J., Wolfert, R. L., Lilja, H. and Oesterling, J. E.: Molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen and the human kallikrein gene family: a new era. Urology, 45: 729, 1995.
20. 1-antichymotrypsin: influence of cancer volume, location and therapeutic selection of resistant clones. J. Urol., 152: 1510, 1994.
21. Oesterling, J. E., Chan, D. W., Epstein, J. I., Kimball, A. W., Jr., Bruzek, D. J., Rock, R. C., Brendler, C. B. and Walsh, P. C.: Prostate specific antigen in the preoperative and postoperative evaluation of localized prostatic cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. J. Urol., 139: 766, 1988.