Myosins in yeast

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 44-48

  Brown, Susan S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FUNGAL PROTEIN; MYOSIN;

CELL DIVISION; ENDOCYTOSIS; FUNGAL GENETICS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE; SHORT SURVEY;

EID: 0031059296     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(97)80150-0     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. 1. Mooseker MS, Cheney RE: Unconventional myosins. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 1995, 11:633-675.
2. 2. Watts FZ, Shiels G, Orr E: The yeast MYO1 gene encoding a myosin-like protein required for cell division. EMBO J 1987, 6:3499-3505.
3. 3. Rodriguez JR, Paterson BM: Yeast myosin heavy chain mutant: maintenance of the cell type specific budding pattern and the normal deposition of chitin and cell wall components requires an intact myosin heavy chain gene. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 1990, 17:301-308.
4. 4. Shaw JA, Mol PC, Bowers B, Silverman SJ, Valdivieso MH, Duran A, Cabib E: The function of chitin synthases 2 and 3 in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle. J Cell Biol 1991, 114:111-123.
5. 5. Watts FZ, Miller DM, Orr E: Identification of myosin heavy chain in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 1985, 316:83-85.
6. 6. Negron JA, Gonzalez S, Rodriguez-Medina JR: In vivo phosphorylation of type II myosin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996, 221:515-520.
7. 7. Goodson HV, Spudich JA: Identification and molecular characterization of a yeast myosin I. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 1995, 30:73-84.
8. 8. Haarer BK, Petzold A, Lillie SH, Brown SS: Identification of MYO4, a second class V myosin gene in yeast. J Cell Sci 1994, 107:1055-1064.
9. 9. Hasson T, Mooseker MS: Molecular motors, membrane movement and physiology: emerging roles for myosins. Curr Opin Cell Biol 1995, 7:587-594.
10. 10. Geli MI, Riezman H: Role of type I myosins in receptor-mediated endocytosis in yeast. Science 1996, 272:533-535. MYO5 was identified by PCR, and mutants were made. Assays for the ability of these mutants to internalize α-factor were used to demonstrate that both Myo3p and Myo5p play a role in the internalization step of endocytosis. The inability of double mutant cells to grow well at a temperature at which endocytosis is not critical for growth suggests that these myosins may also have other important function(s). Invertase secretion is normal in the myo5 mutant, as is delivery of carboxypeptidase to the vacuole, suggesting that the defect is specific for endocytosis.
11. ••], IQ motifs (presumptive calmodulin-binding sites) in the neck region of these minimyosins.
12. 12. Baines IC, Corigliano-Murphy A, Korn ED: Quantification and localization of phosphorylated myosin I isoforms in Acanthamoeba castellanii. J Cell Biol 1995, 130:591-603.
13. 13. Novak KD, Peterson MD, Reedy MC, Titus MA: Dictyostelium myosin I double mutants exhibit conditional defects in pinocytosis. J Cell Biol 1995, 131:1205-1221.
14. 14. Cheney RE, O'Shea MK, Heuser JE, Coelho MV, Wolenski JS, Espreafico EM, Forscher P, Larson RE, Mooseker MS: Brain myosin-V is a two-headed unconventional myosin with motor activity. Cell 1993, 75:13-23.
15. 15. Johnston GC, Prendergast JA, Singer RA: The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MYO2 gene encodes an essential myosin for vectorial transport of vesicles. J Cell Biol 1991, 113:539-551.
16. 16. Liu H, Bretscher A: Characterization of TPM1 disrupted yeast cells indicates an involvement of tropomyosin in directed vesicular transport. J Cell Biol 1992, 118:285-299.
17. 17. Govindan B, Bowser R, Novick P: The role of Myo2, a yeast class V myosin, in vesicular transport. J Cell Biol 1995, 128:1055-1068. S. cerevisiae carrying mutations in actin accumulate invertase internally, presumably reflecting a kinetic lag in secretion [28]. However, no such lag is seen with the myo2-66 mutant, for invertase or several other secreted proteins, and the kinetics of transport to the vacuole also appear normal. There appears to be a difference in the rate of delivery or residence time of a-factor receptor at the cell surface (a difference that could conceivably reflect a recycling defect). By electron microscopy, vesicle build-up is seen predominantly in the bud in secretory (sec6) mutants, but is seen instead in the mother cell in myo2 or double mutants. This observation suggests that Myo2p normally transports secretory vesicles (or their precursor, i.e. endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi [29]) to the bud. However, these vesicles presumably do not contain the secretory proteins that the authors have shown are secreted normally. The authors surmise that there may be different classes of vesicle and make the interesting suggestion that perhaps invertase-carrying vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane anywhere, whereas some other classes of vesicle might only be able to fuse in the bud. These authors rightly caution that Myo2p might have a less direct role in vesicular transport than postulated, and instead might act via effects on cytoskeletal organization.
18. 18. Harsay E, Bretscher A: Parallel secretory pathways to the cell surface in yeast. J Cell Biol 1995, 131:297-310.
19. 19. Doyle T, Botstein D: Movement of yeast cortical actin cytoskeleton visualized in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:3886-3891.
20. 20. Waddle JA, Karpova TS, Waterston RH, Cooper JA: Movement of cortical actin patches in yeast. J Cell Biol 1996, 132:861-870.
21. 21. Lillie SH, Brown SS: Suppression of a myosin defect by a kinesin-related gene. Nature 1992, 356:358-361.
22. 22. Lillie SH, Brown SS: Immunofluorescence localization of the unconventional myosin, Myo2p, and the putative kinesin-related protein, Smy1 p, to the same regions of polarized growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 1994, 125:825-842.
23. 23. Mazzoni C, Zarzov P, Rambourg A, Mann C: The SLT2 (MPK1) MAP kinase homolog is involved in polarized cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 1993, 123:1821-1833.
24. 24. Brockerhoff SE, Stevens RC, Davis TN: The unconventional myosin, Myo2p, is a calmodulin target at sites of cell growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 1994, 125:315-323.
25. 25. Jansen R-P, Dowzer C, Michaelis C, Galova M, Nasmyth K: Mother cell-specific HO expression in budding yeast depends on the unconventional myosin Myo4p and other cytoplasmic proteins. Cell 1996, 84:687-697. Haploid yeast cells must be of opposite mating types in order to mate and form diploids. Mating between mother and daughter cells can occur because haploid mother cells, but not daughter cells, can switch to the opposite mating type after cell division. The authors of this paper identified MYO4 using a genetic screen for genes needed for the mother to switch mating type. The fact that Myo4p accumulates not in the mother but rather in the bud (i.e. the future daughter cell) was the first clue that Myo4p was clearing a negative regulator from the mother cell by transporting it to the daughter.
26. ••], lead to the proposal that Myo4p transports a negative regulator of switching out of the mother cell into the bud/daughter cell. As Ash1p is expressed late in the cell cycle when Myo4p is no longer selectively localized to the bud, Myo4p probably transports something other than Ash1p itself that allows the synthesis or accumulation of Ash1p in the daughter cell. See Bassell and Singer, this issue, pp 109-115, for a further discussion of this question.
27. 27. Hill KL, Catlett NL, Weisman LS: Actin and myosin function in directed vacuole movement during cell division in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Cell Biol 1996, in press.
28. 28. Novick P, Botstein D: Phenotypic analysis of temperature-sensitive yeast actin mutants. Cell 1985, 40:405-416.
29. 29. Preuss D, Mulholland J, Franzusoff A, Segev N, Botstein D: Characterization of the Saccharomyces Golgi complex through the cell cycle by immunoelectron microscopy. Mol Biol Cell 1992, 3:789-803.