Meteorology and elephant infrasound at Etosha National Park, Namibia

Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

Volumn 101, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 1710-1717

  Larom, David ^a   Garstang, Michael ^a   Lindeque, Malan ^b   Raspet, Richard ^c   Zunckel, Mark ^d   Hong, Yvonne ^d   Brassel, Kevin ^d   O'Beirne, Sean ^d   Sokolic, Frank ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b Ministry of Environment and Tourism   (Namibia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^d DSI CSIR Nanotechnology Innovation Centre   (South Africa)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KWAZULU NATAL   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTICS; AIR TEMPERATURE; ARTICLE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; CLIMATE; ELEPHANT; NAMIBIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOUND; SOUND TRANSMISSION; TOPOGRAPHY; WEATHER; WIND;

EID: 0031058848     PISSN: 00014966     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1121/1.418180     Document Type: Article

References (22)

1. K. Payne, W. R. Langbauer, Jr., and E. M. Thomas, "Infrasonic calls of the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)," Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 18, 297-301 (1986).
2. W. R. Langbauer, Jr., K. B. Payne, K. B. R. A. Charif, and E. M. Thomas, "Response of captive African elephants to playback of low-frequency calls," Can. J. Zool. 67, 2604-2607 (1989).
3. J. H. Poole, K. B. Payne, W. R. Langbauer, Jr., and C. J. Moss, "The social contexts of some very low frequency calls of African elephants," Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 22, 385-392 (1988).
4. W. R. Langbauer, Jr., K. Payne, R. A. Charif, L. Rapaport, and F. Osborn, "African elephants respond to distant playbacks of low-frequency conspecific calls," J. Exp. Biol. 157, 35-46 (1991).
5. R. B. Martin, "Aspects of elephant social organization," Rhodesia Sci. News 12, 184-187 (1978).
6. M. Garstang, D. Larom, R. Raspet, and M. Lindeque, "Atmospheric controls on elephant communication," J. Exp. Biol. 198, 939-951 (1995).
7. D. L. Larom, M. Garstang, K. Payne, R. Raspet, and M. Lindeque, "The influence of surface atmospheric conditions on the range and area reached by animal vocalizations," J. Exp. Biol. (in press).
8. M. Zunckel, Y. Hong, K. Brassel, and S. O'Beirne, "Characteristics of the nocturnal boundary layer: Okaukuejo, Namibia during SAFARI-92," J. Geophys. Res. 101, 23757-23766 (1996).
9. A. K. Blackadar, "Boundary layer wind maxima and their significance for the growth of nocturnal inversions," Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 38, 283-290 (1957).
10. J. Holton, "The diurnal boundary layer wind oscillation above sloping terrain," Tellus 19, 199-205 (1967).
11. S. Greco, S. Ulanski, M. Garstang, and S. Houston, "Low-level nocturnal wind accelerations over the Central Amazon Basin," Bound. Layer Meteor. 58, 91-115 (1992).
12. M. Zunckel, G. Held, R. A. Preston-Whyte, and A. Joubert, "Low-level wind maxima and the transport of pyrogenic products over southern Africa," J. Geophys. Res. 101, 23745-23756 (1996).
13. J. L. Spiesberger and K. M. Fristrup, "Passive localization of calling animals and sensing of their acoustic environment using acoustic tomography," Am. Nat. 135, 107-153 (1990).
14. R. Raspet, S. W. Lee, E. Kuester, D. C. Chang, W. F. Richards, R. Gilbert, and N. Bong, "Fast-field program for a layered medium bounded by complex impedance surfaces," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 77, 345-352 (1985).
15. S. W. Lee, N. Bong, W. F. Richards, and R. Raspet, "Impedance formulation of the fast field program for acoustic wave propagation in the atmosphere," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 628-634 (1986).
16. S. J. Franke and G. W. Swenson, "A brief tutorial on the Fast Field Program (FFP) as applied to sound propagation in the air," Appl. Acoust. 27, 203-215 (1989).
17. S. J. Franke, C. Shaffer, R. Raspet, and C. H. Liu, "Application of the Fast Field Program to blast noise prediction," Proc. 3rd Intl. Symp. Long Range Sound Propagation and Coupling Into the Ground, University of Mississippi, 28-30 March (1988), pp. 243-260.
18. L. Attenborough, "Acoustical impedance models for outdoor ground surfaces," J. Sound. Vib. 99, 521-544 (1985).
19. N. S. Yeowart and M. J. Evans, "Thresholds of audibility for very low-frequency pure tones," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 55, 814-818 (1974).
20. R. Heffner and H. Heffner, "Hearing in the elephant (Elephas maximus)," J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 96, 926-944 (1982).
21. A. D. Pierce, Acoustics: An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1981).
22. W. R. Langbauer, R. Charif, R. Martin, K. Payne, and L. Osborn, "Long-range monitoring of elephant movements and vocalizations" (in preparation).