Neuroprotectants in Late Clinical Development – A Status Report

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 7, Issue , 1997, Pages 13-17

  Wahlgren, Nils Gunnar ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Acute ischaemic stroke; Clomethiazole; Lubeluzole; Neuroprotectant therapy; NMDA receptor antagonist; Sodium calcium channel modulator

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; 4 PHOSPHONOMETHYLPIPECOLIC ACID; APTIGANEL; CLOMETHIAZOLE; DEXTRORPHAN; LUBELUZOLE; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT;

CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; HUMAN; HYPERPOLARIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIDE EFFECT; STROKE;

EID: 0031054370     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: 14219786     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000108238     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. De Dcyn PP: The Piracetam in acute stroke study (PASS). Eur J Neurol 1995;2:7.
2. Diener H-C, Hacke W, Hennerici M, Retdberg J, Hantson L, De Keyscr J for the Lubeluzole international Study Group: Lubeluzole in acute ischemic stroke. A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II trial. Stroke 1996:27(1):76-81.
3. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, Toni D, LesafTre E, von Kummer R, Boysen G, Bluhmki E, Häxter G, Mahagne M-H, Hennerici M for the ECASS study group: Intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke. The European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study Group (ECASS). JAMA 1995:274:1017-1025.
4. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group: Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995;333:1581-1587.
5. Kucharczyk J, Minlorovilch J, Moseley ME. Asgari HS, Sevick RJ, Derugin N, Norman D: Ischemic brain damage: Reduction by sodium-calcium ion channel modulator RS 87476. Radiology 1991:179:221-227.
6. Squire IB. Lees KR, Pryse-Philips W, Kertesz A, Bamford J: The effects of lifarizine in acute cerebral infarction. A pilot safety study. Cere-brovasc Dis 1996;6:156-160.
7. Mohr JP, Orgogozo JM, Harrison MJG. Wahlgren NG. Gelmers JH. Martincz-Vila E. Dycka J, Tettenborn D: Meta-analysis of oral nimodipine trials in acute ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994;4:197-203.
8. Limburg M: Very' early nimodipine use in stroke - the first 100 patients - cooperation between GP’s and neurologists. Stroke 1996; 27:172.
9. Wahlgren NG, MacMahon D, DcKeyscr J, In-drcdavik B, Ryman T, for the INWEST study group: Intravenous Nimodipine West European Stroke Trial (INWEST) of nimodipine in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994;4:204-210.
10. Choi DV: Methods lor antagonizing glutamate toxicity. Cercbrovasc Brain Mctab Rev 1990:2: 105-147.
11. Ganong AH: Excitatory amino acid synaptic mechanisms and neurological function. Trends Pharmacol Sei 1986;7:357-363.
12. Hamberger AC, Chiang Gil, Nylén ES, Schefl" SW, Cotman CW: Glutamate as a CNS transmitter. I. Evaluation of glutamate and glutamine as precursors for the synthesis of preferentially released glutamate. Brain Res 1979; 168:513-530.
13. Hertz L, Schousboe A: Metabolism of glutamate and glutamine in neurons and astrocytes in primary cultures; in: Kvamme E (ed): Glutamine and Glutamate in Mammals. Boca Raton. CRC Press. 1988. vol 2. pp 259-274.
14. Kochhar A. Zivin JA. Lyden PD. Mazarella V: Glutamate antagonist therapy reduces neurologic deficits following complete ischemia in primates. Arch Neurol 1988:45:148—153.
15. Ozyurt E. Graham DI, Woodruff GN, McCol-loch J: Protective effect of the glutamate antagonist. MK-801. in focal cerebral ischemia in the cat. J Ccreb Blood Row Mctab 1988:8: 138-143.
16. Park CK, Nehls DG, Graham DI, Tcasdalc GM, McCulloch J: The glutamate antagonist MK-801 reduces focal ischcntic damage in the rat. Ann Neurol 1988:24:543-551.
17. Park CK, Neltls DG. Graham DI, Tcasdalc GM. McCulloch J: Focal cerebral ischemia in the cat: treatment with the glutamate antagonist MK-801 after induction of ischemia. J Cer-cb Blood Flow Mctab 1988:8:757-762.
18. Buchan AM, Xue D, Slivka A, Zhang C, Hamilton J, Gelb A: MK-801 increases cerebral blood flow in a rat model of temporary focal cortical ischemia. Soc Ncurosci Abstr 1989:15: 804.
19. Swan JH, Mcldrunt BS: Early, not late, administration of NMDA receptor antagonists protects against selective ischcntic cell loss. J Cer-eb Blood Flow Matlab 1989:9:(suppl l):558.
20. Gill R, Foster AC, Woodruff GN: MK-801 is neuroprotcctivc in gerbils when administered during the post-ischemic period. Neuroscience 1988:25:847-855.
21. Gill R. Foster AC. Woodruff GN: Neuropro-tcctive actions of MK-S01 in rat global ischemia model. J Ccreb Blood Flow Mctab 1989; 9(suppl 1):629.
22. Fleischer JE, Tatcishi A, Drummond JC, Schiller MS, Zornow MH, Grafe MR, Shacr-man GT, Shapiro HM: Effects of MK-801 upon neurological outcome following cardiac arrest in cats. Ancsthcsiol Rev 1988:15:102 - 103.
23. Sltuaib A. Hasan S. Kalra J: Gamma-viny! GABA prevents hippocampal and substantia nigra reticulata damage in repetitive transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res 1992:590:13-17.
24. − is neuroprotectivc in repetitive transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. Exp Neurol 1993:123:284-288.
25. Cross AJ. Stirling JM, Robinson TN, Bowen DM, Francis PT. Green A: The modulation by chlomethiazolc of the GABA\receptor complex in rat brain. Br J Pharmacol 1989:98:284-290.
26. Cross AJ. Jones JA. Baldwin HA. Green AR: Neuroprotective activity of chlomethiazolc following transient forebrain ischaentia in theger-bil. BrJ Pharmacol 1991:104:406-411.
27. Snape MF. Baldwin HA. Cross AJ. Green AR: The effects of chlomethiazolc and nintodipine on cortical infarct area after focal cerebral isclt-acmia in the rat. Neuroscience 1993.53:837-844.
28. Baldwin HA. Jones JA. Cross AJ. Green AR: Histological, biochemical and behavioural evidence for the neuroprotective action of chlome-thiazcle following prolonged carotid artery occlusion. Neurodegeneration 1993:2:139-146