UV-B screening by tropospheric ozone: Implications for the National Ambient Air Quality Standard

Environmental Science and Technology

Volumn 31, Issue 3, 1997, Pages

  Lutter, Randall ^a   Wolz, Christopher ^a  

^a Office of Management and Budget   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

OZONE;

AIR QUALITY CONTROL; ARTICLE; CANCER RISK; CATARACT; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; HUMAN; OZONE LAYER; STANDARDIZATION; ULTRAVIOLET B RADIATION;

EID: 0031052715     PISSN: 0013936X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1994 Assessment United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi, Kenya, 1994.
2. Fed. Regist. 1996, 61, 65716.
3. "Clean Air Act"; Public Law 101-549, 1970; 42 United States Code 7409.
4. National Research Council. Rethinking the Ozone Problem in Urban and Regional Air Pollution; National Research Council: Washington, DC, 1991.
5. Henderson, J. V. American Economic Review 1996, 86(4), 789.
6. "National Air Quality and Emissions Trends Report 1993"; Office of Air and Radiation. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support Division. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, October 1994; No. 454/R-94-026.
7. Setlow, R. B. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 1974, 71(9), 3363.
8. Molina, M. J.; Rowland, F. S. Nature 1974, 249, 810.
9. Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1994; World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project: Geneva, Switzerland, 1995; Report No. 37.
10. Herman, J. R. et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1996, 23(16), 2117.
11. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Compliance with Section 604 of the Clean Air Act for the Phaseout of Ozone Depleting Chemicals. Prepared by ICF Incorporated for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Global Change Division: Washington, DC, 1992.
12. Fed. Regist. 1993, 58, 65018.
13. "Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion: 1991 Update, Panel Report"; United Nations Environment Programme: Nairobi, Kenya, November 1991.
14. Liu, S. C.; McKeen, J. A.; Madronich, S. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1991, 12, 2265.
15. Seckmeyer, G.; McKenzie, R. L. Nature 1992, 359, 135.
16. Frederick, J. E. et al. J. Appl. Meteorology, 1993, 32, 1883.
17. Bruhl, C.; Crutzen, P. J. Geophys. Res. Lett. 1989, 16(7), 703.
18. Code Fed. Reg. 40, 50.9(a).
19. Air Quality Criteria for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants; Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA/600/P-93/004aF-cF.
20. MEMORANDUM: Distribution of Updated Condensed Nonattainment List, July 29,1996 (press release); Air Quality Trends Analysis Group, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996.
21. Hahn, R. National Resources Journal 1994, 34(1), 312.
22. Catching Our Breath: Next Steps for Reducing Urban Ozone, July 1989. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment: Washington, DC, 1989; OTA-O-412.
23. Air Quality Maps for Alternative Standards and Supporting Materials, April 25, 1994. Ozone/Carbon Monoxide Programs Branch, Air Quality Management Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1994.
24. "Clean Air Act"; Public Law 101-549, 1970; 42 United States Code 7408.
25. Review of National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone, Assessment of Scientific and Technical Information, OAQPS Staff Paper. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996; EPA-452/R-96-007.
26. Wolff, G. T. Letter(s) to Honorable Carol Browner, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; EPA-SAB-CASAC-LTR-96-(002, 006). Appendix G of EPA-452/R-96-007.
27. Frederick, J.; Weatherhead, E. "Regional Variations in Surface Ultraviolet Irradiance: An Analysis Based on Gaseous Air Pollutants"; final report to the Alternative Fluorocarbons Environmental Acceptability Study on Contract CTR90-12/P90-031; Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago; Chicago, IL, 1992.
28. Impact of Changes in Tropospheric Ozone on UV-B Flux: Preliminary Calculations by EPA Staff, November 15, 1994. Submitted with DOE remarks at March 21, 1995, Public Meeting of Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee, Review of Criteria Document for Ozone and Related Photochemical Oxidants. Chapel Hill, NC; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board Public Meeting File; Washington, DC, 1995; ECAO-CD-92-0746.
29. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental Research; remarks presented at March 21, 1995, Public Meeting of Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board Public Meeting File; Washington, DC, 1995; ECAO-CD-92-0746.
30. Regulatory Impact Analysis for Proposed Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard, Ch. IV; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, Dec. 1996.
31. Science 1992, 257, 1211.
32. Grant-Kels, J. Pediatric Dermatology 1993, 10, 1.
33. Wingo, P A. et al. Ca Cancer J. Clin. 1995, 45, 8.
34. Regulatory Impact Analysis: Protection of Stratospheric Ozone Volume I, Ch. 2; Office of Air and Radiation. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Washington, DC, Dec. 1987.
35. Johnson, T. et al. "Estimation of Ozone Exposures Experienced by Outdoor Workers in Nine Urban Areas Using a Probabilistic Version of NEM," Contract No. 63-D-30094; prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards; Research Triangle Park, NC, 1996.
36. Cox, W.; Chu, S. Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27B(4), 425.
37. Graham, I.; Weiner, J. Risks versus Risks, Tradeoffs in Protecting Health and the Environment; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA, 1995.
38. Tolley, G.; Kenkel, D.; Fabian, R. Valuing Health for Policy: An Economic Approach; University of Chicago Press: Chicago, IL, 1994.
39. Economic Analysis of Federal Regulations Under Executive Order 12866; U.S. Office of Management and Budget: Washington, DC, January 1996. At: http://www. whitehouse.gov/WH/EOP/OMB/html/miscdoc.
40. Fed. Regist. 58, 51735, Oct. 4, 1993.
41. Viscusi, W. K. Journal of Economic Literature 1993, 31(4), 1912.
42. Moolgavkar, S. et al. Epidemiol. 1995, 6(5), 476.
43. Kinney, P. L.; Ozkaynak, J. Environ. Res. 1991, 54, 99.
44. "Clean Air Act"; Public Law 101-549, 1970; 42 United States Code 7602.
45. Fed. Regist. 1996, 61, 65638.