Nipple dimensions and reproductive status of northeastern Minnesota female black bears (Ursus americanus)

American Midland Naturalist

Volumn 137, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 178-182

  Brooks, Robert T ^a   McRoberts, Ronald ^b  

^a US Forest Service   (United States)

^b NORTH CENTRAL RESEARCH STATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

URSUS AMERICANUS;

EID: 0031047876     PISSN: 00030031     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/2426767     Document Type: Article

References (8)

1. BECK, T. D. I. 1991. Black bears of west-central Colorado. Colorado Div. Wildl. Tech. Publ. No. 39. 86 p.
2. FROST, H. C. 1994. Reproductive biology of captive fishers. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. Maine, Orono, 113 p.
3. MCCRAVY, K. W. AND R. K. ROSE. 1992. An analysis of external features as predictors of reproductive status in small mammals. J. Mammal., 73:151-159.
4. MECH, L. D., T. J. METER AND U. W. SEAL. 1993. Wolf nipple measurements as indices of age and breeding status. Am. Midl. Nat., 129:266-271.
5. ROGERS, L. L. 1987. Effects of food supply and kinship on social behavior, movements, and population growth of black bears in northeastern Minnesota. Wildl. Monogr. No. 97. 72 p.
6. SAUER, P. R. AND C. W. SEVERINGHAUS. 1977. Determination and application of fawn reproductive rates from yearling teat length. Trans. Northeast Fish Wildl. Conf., 34:137-142.
7. SOKAL, R. R. AND F. J. ROHLF. 1981. Biometry, 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco, Calif. 859 p.
8. WILKINSON, L. 1990. SYSTAT: the system for statistics: statistics. SYSTAT, Inc., Evanston, Ill. 676 p.