Differential effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 78, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 301-307

  Asai, T ^a   Mapleson, W W ^a   Power, I ^a,b  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Gastrointestinal system, gastric emptying; Sympathetic nervous system, adrenergic agonists

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CLONIDINE; DEXMEDETOMIDINE; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; YOHIMBINE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT; INTRAPERITONEAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; ISOTOPE LABELING; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; STOMACH EMPTYING;

EID: 0031046274     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/78.3.301     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Inglis TJ, Sherratt MJ, Sproat LJ, Gibson JS, Hawkey PM. Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonization of the ventilated lung. Lancet 1993; 341: 911-913.
2. Nimmo WS, Wilson J, Prescott LF. Narcotic analgesics and delayed gastric emptying during labour. Lancet 1975; i: 890-893.
3. Kromer W. Endogenous and exogenous opioids in the control of gastrointestinal motility and secretion. Pharmacology Review 1988; 140: 121-162.
4. Maze M, Tranquilli W. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists: defining the role in clinical anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1991; 74: 581-605.
5. 2-adrenergic agents in anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 1993; 37: 433-448.
6. Ruwart MJ, Klepper MS, Rush BD. Clonidine delays small intestinal transit in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1980; 212: 487-490.
7. Hsu WH. Xylazine-induced delay of small intestinal transit in mice. European Journal of Pharmacology 1982; 83: 55-60.
8. Tanila H, Kauppila T, Taira T. Inhibition of intestinal motility and reversal of postlaparotomy ileus by selective α2-adrenergic drugs in the rat. Gastroenterology 1993; 104: 819-824.
9. Cooper SM, McRitchie B. Role of dopamine and α-adrenoreceptors in the control of gastric emptying in the rat: Possible involvement in the mechanism of action of metoclo-pramide. Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology 1985; 5: 325-331.
10. 2-Adrenergic model of gastroparesis: validation with renzapride, a stimulator of motility. American Journal of Physiology 1991; 261: G426-G432.
11. 2-adrenoceptor agonists and an antagonist on gastric emptying and mouth to caecum transit time in humans. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1987; 1: 649-655.
12. Asai T, McBeth C, Stewart JIM, Williams J, Vaughan RS, Power I. Effect of clonidine on gastric emptying of liquids. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1997; 78: 28-33.
13. Sninsky CA, Davis RH, Clench MH, Thomas KD, Mathias JR. Effect of lidamidine hydrochloride and loperamide on gastric emptying and transit of the small intestine. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 68-73.
14. 2-adrenoceptors are highly stereoselective for dexmedetomidine, the dextro enantiomer of medetomidine. European Journal of Pharmacology 1991; 195: 193-199.
15. 2-adrenoceptor agonist. European Journal of Pharmacology 1988; 150: 9-14.
16. Miller MS, Galligan JJ, Burks TF. Accurate measurement of intestinal transit in the rat. Journal of Pharmacological Methods 1981; 6: 211-217.
17. Donaldson RM, Barreras RF. Intestinal absorption of trace quantities of chromium. Journal of Laboratory Clinical Medicine 1966; 68: 484-493.
18. Tasker RAR, Melzack R. Different alpha-receptor subtypes are involved in clonidine-produced analgesia in different pain tests. Life Sciences 1989; 44: 9-17.
19. Altman DG. Practical Statistics for Medical Research. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991; 179-228.
20. Francis B, Green M, Payne C. The GLIM system - Release 4 Manual. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993; 236-237, 470-475.
21. Mapleson WW. The use of GLIM and the bootstrap in assessing a clinical trial of two drugs. Statistics in Medicine 1986; 5: 363-374.
22. 2-adrenoceptor. Pharmacology Review 1983; 35: 143-179.
23. Skingle M, Hayes AG, Tyers MB. Antinociceptive activity of clonidine in the mouse, rat and dog. Life Sciences 1982; 31: 1123-1132.
24. Spaulding TC, Venafro JJ, Ma MG, Fielding S. The dissociation of the antinociceptive effect of clonidine from supraspinal structures. Neuropharmacology 1979; 18: 103-105.
25. Guo T-Z, Jiang J-Y, Buttermann AE, Maze M. Dexmedetomidine injection into the locus ceruleus produces antinociception. Anesthesiology 1996; 84: 873-881.
26. VonVoightlander PF, Lahti RA, Ludens JH. U50,488: a selective and structually novel non-mu (kappa) opioid agonist. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1987; 240: 7-12.
27. Russell B, Yaksh TL. Antagonism by phenoxybenzamine and pentazocine of the antinociceptive effects of morphine in the spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 1981; 20: 575-579.
28. MacDonald A, Kelly J, Dettmar PW. Pre- and post-junctional α-adrenoceptor-mediated responses in the rat gastric fundus in-vitro. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 1990; 42: 752-757.
29. Tack JF, Wood JD. Actions of noradrenaline on myenteric neurons in the guinea pig gastric antrum. Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System 1992; 41: 67-78.
30. - secretion in the anaesthetized cat. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1987; 130: 251-258.
31. Okamoto T, Kurahashi K, Tsubomura T, Fujiwara M. Effects of morphine on hexamethonium-sensitive and -resistant excitatory responses of stomach to stimulation of vagal trunk in cats. Life Sciences 1986; 39: 147-153.
32. Fioramonti J, Fargeas MJ, Buéno L. Comparative effects of morphine and cyclazocine on gastrointestinal motility in conscious dogs. Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Therapie 1984; 270: 141-150.
33. Camilleri M, Malagelada J-R, Stanghellini V, Zinsmeister AR, Kao PC, Li CH. Dose-related effects of synthetic human β-endorphin and naloxone on fed gastrointestinal motility. American Journal of Physiology 1986; 251: G147-G154.
34. Edin R, Terenius LL, Dahlström TA, Hökfelt T, Kewenter J, Ahlman H. Evidence for vagal enkephalinergic neural control of the feline pylorus and stomach. Gastroenterology 1980; 78: 472-477.
35. Allescher HD, Ahmad S, Kostolanska F, Kwan CY, Daniel EE. Modulation of pyloric motor activity via adrenergic receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1989; 249: 652-659.
36. Soediono P, Burnstock G. Contribution of ATP and nitric oxide to NANC inhibitory transmission in rat pyloric sphincter. British Journal of Pharmacology 1994; 113: 681-686.
37. Merritt AM, Ruckebusch Y. Milk feeding and xylazine treatment induce increased antroduodenal motility in young cattle with opposite effects on duodenal digesta flow rate. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 1988; 33: 60-66.
38. Hölzer HH, Raybould HE. Vagal and splanchnic sensory pathways mediate inhibition of gastric motility induced by duodenal distension. American Journal of Physiology 1992; 262: G603-G608.
39. Miller J, Kauffman G, Elashoff J, Ohashi H, Carter D, Meyer JH. Search for resistances controlling canine gastric emptying of liquid meals. American Journal of Physiology 1981; 241: G403-G415.
40. Azpiroz F, Malagelada JR. Pressure activity patterns in the canine proximal stomach: response to distension. American Journal of Physiology 1984; 247: G265-G272.
41. Desai KM, Sessa WC, Vane JR. Involvement of nitric oxide in the reflex relaxation of the stomach to accommodate food or fluid. Nature (London) 1991; 351: 477-479.
42. Abrahamsson H. Vagal relaxation of the stomach induced from the gastric antrum. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1973; 89: 406-414.
43. Ruwart MJ, Klepper MS, Rush BD. Evidence for non-cholinergic mediation of small intestinal transit in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1979; 209: 462-465.
44. Scheufler E, Zetler G. Interaction of caerulein and morphine on gastrointestinal propulsion in the mouse. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 1981; 318: 66-69.
45. Gue M, Fioramonti J, Bueno L. Comparative influence of acoustic and cold stress on gastrointestinal transit in mice. American Journal of Physiology 1987; 253: G124-G128.