Risk of cancer and exposure to gasoline vapors

American Journal of Epidemiology

Volumn 145, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 449-458

  Lynge, Elsebeth ^a   Andersen, Aage ^b   Nilsson, Ralph ^c   Barlow, Lotti ^d   Pukkala, Eero ^e   Nordlinder, Rolf ^c   Boffetta, Paolo ^f   Grandjean, Philippe ^g   Heikkilä, Pirjo ^h   Hörte, Lars Gunnar ⁱ   Jakobsson, Robert ^j   Lundberg, Inqvar ^j   Moen, Bente ^k   Partanen, Timo ^h   Riise, Trond ^l  

^a DANISH CANCER SOCIETY RESEARCH CENTER   (Denmark)

^b Norsk Kreftregister   (Norway)

^c SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d CENTRE FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY   (Sweden)

^e FINNISH CANCER REGISTRY   (Finland)

^f INTERNATIONAL AGENCY FOR RESEARCH ON CANCER   (France)

^g UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN DENMARK   (Denmark)

^h FINNISH INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH   (Finland)

ⁱ UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

^j KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^k NORWEGIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (Norway)

^l UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

more..

Author keywords

gasoline; incidence; kidney neoplasms; leukemia; nose neoplasms

Indexed keywords

ACUTE GRANULOCYTIC LEUKEMIA; ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; FEMALE; FINLAND; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; ITALY; KIDNEY CANCER; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NETHERLANDS; NORWAY; NOSE CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SWEDEN;

EID: 0031044892     PISSN: 00029262     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009127     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Occupational exposures in petroleum refining; crude oil and major petroleum fuels. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1989;45:1-322.
2. Brown MG. Health risks from working in petroleum refining and from gasoline - a critique and recommendations in response to IARC monograph volume 45. The Hague: CONCAWE, 1989. (Report no. 89/53).
3. Lagorio S, Tagesson C, Forastiere F, et al. Exposure to benzene and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a biological marker of oxidative damage to DNA. Occup Environ Med 1994;51:739-43.
4. Nilsson RI, Nordlinder RG, Tagesson C, et al. Genotoxic effects in workers exposed to low levels of benzene in gasoline. Am J Ind Med 1996;30:317-24.
5. Carere A, Antoccia A, Crebelli R, et al. Genetic effects of petroleum fuels: cytogenetic monitoring of gasoline station attendants. Mutat Res 1996;332:17-26.
6. Employment and occupation. In: Population and household census, 9 November 1970. Copenhagen: Danmarks Statistik, 1974. (ST 1974:VII).
7. International standard industrial classification of all economic activities. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations, 1958. (Statistical papers, series M, no. 4, revision 1).
8. International standard classification of occupations. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1958.
9. Lynge E, Thygesen L. Occupational cancer in Denmark. Cancer incidence in the 1970 census population. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990;16(suppl 2):9-35.
10. Andersen A, Bjelke E, Langmark F. Cancer in waiters. Br J Cancer 1989;60:112-15.
11. Eklund G, Barlow L, Vaittinen P. Cancer environment register 1960-1970. (In Swedish). Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen, 1994. (EpC-rapport 1994).
12. Pukkala E. Cancer risk by social class and occupation. A survey of 109,000 cancer cases among Finns of working age. In: Wahrendorf J, ed. Contributions to epidemiology and biostatistics. Vol 7. Basel: Karger, 1995.
13. World Health Organization. International classification of diseases. Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death. Seventh Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1957.
14. Swaen GMH, Slangen JJM. Gasoline consumption and leukemia mortality and morbidity in 19 European countries: an ecological study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 1995;67:85-93.
15. Kolari R. Occupational mobility in Finland 1975/80/85. Helsinki: Central Statistical Office of Finland, 1989. (Study 160).
16. Raffn E, Lynge E, Juel K, et al. Incidence of cancer and mortality among employees in the asbestos cement industry in Denmark. Br J Ind Med 1989;46:90-6.
17. Boffetta P, Saracci R, Ferro G, et al. IARC historical cohort study of man-made vitreous fibre production workers in seven European countries: extension of the mortality and cancer incidence follow-up until 1990. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1995. (IARC internal report 95/003).
18. Moen BE, Bleie K, Hollund BE. Exposure to benzene in Norwegian service stations. (In Norwegian). Bergen: Institutt for Samfunns-medicinske Fag, Universitetet i Bergen, 1995. (Report no. 6/1995).
19. Jakobsson R, Ahlbom A, Bellander T, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia among petrol station attendants. Arch Environ Health 1993;48:255-9.
20. Pfäffli P, Anttila A. Benzene. Exposures at work 23. (In Finnish), Helsinki: Institute of Occupational Health, 1991.
21. Perry R, Gee I. Vehicle emissions in relation to fuel composition. In: Leslie G, Perry R, eds. Volatile organic compounds in the environment. Proceedings from the international conference held in London, 1993. Basel: Indoor Air International, 1993:185-97.
22. Dent NP, Gidlow DA, Larbey RJ. Consequences on health and the environment. In: Second International Conference. Volatile organic compounds in the environment. London: Indoor Air International, 1995:51-3. (ISBN 3-906470-05-9).
23. Automotive fuels. Unleaded petrol. Requirements and methods of testing. (In Finnish). Helsinki: Finnish Standards Association, 1993. (SES EN 228 ex).
24. European Union. Council Directive 85/210/EEC of 20 March 1985 on the harmonization of legislation on lead content in gasoline. Brussels: European Commission, 1985.
25. Runion H. Benzene in gasoline. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1975;36:338-50.
26. Nordlinder R, Ljungkvist G. Benzene exposure at service stations, an occupational and environmental problem. In: Brown R, Curtis M, Saunders K, et al, eds. Clean air at work. Proceedings from an international symposium, 1991 Sept 9-13, Luxembourg. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1992:93-5. (Special publication no. 108).
27. Berlin M, Fredga K, Gage JC, et al. Benzene exposure at sale of vehicle gasoline. (In Swedish). Lund: Institutionerna for hygien och genetik vid Lunds Universitet, 1975. (Report no. 750616).
28. Berlin M, Holm S, Korsell M. Benzene exposure in Swedish work places. (In Swedish), Lund: Institutionen for hygien vid Lunds Universitet, 1978. (Report no. 780717).
29. Fjeldstad PE, Hollermann E, Gasoline exposure in the petroleum industry 1980-81. (In Norwegian). Oslo: The Institute of Occupational Hygiene and the Norwegian Petroleum Institute, 1982.
30. The Oil Companies' International Study Group for Conservation of Clean Air and Water. A survey of exposure to gasoline vapor. The Hague: CONCAWE, 1986. (Report no. 3/86).
31. The Oil Companies' International Study Group for Conservation of Clean Air and Water. A survey of exposure to gasoline vapor. The Hague: CONCAWE, 1994. (Report no. 7/94).
32. Lagorio S, Forastiere F, Iavarone I, et al. Exposure assessment in a historical cohort of filling station attendants. Int J Epidemiol 1993;22(suppl 2):51-6.
33. McDermott H, Vos G. Service station attendants' exposure to benzene and gasoline vapors. Am Ind Hyg Assoc 1979;4:315-21.
34. Grandjean P, Andersen O. Lung cancer in filling station attendants. Am J Ind Med 1991;20:763-8.
35. Lynge E, Carstensen B, Andersen O. Primary liver cancer and renal cell carcinoma in laundry and dry cleaning workers in Denmark. Scand J Work Environ Health 1995;21:293-5.
36. Central Bureau of Statistics. Population and housing census 1970. Evaluation survey. Vol 6. (In Norwegian). Oslo: Central Bureau of Statistics, 1976.
37. Statistiska Centralbyrån. Control study of the 1960 census. (In Swedish). Stockholm: Statistiska Centralbyrån, 1964. (Statistiska Meddelanden B 1964:16).
38. Nickerson SP. Tetraethyl lead: a product of American research. J Chem Educ 1954;31:560-71.
39. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 1989;46:1-458.
40. Törnqvist M. Is ambient ethene a cancer risk factor? Environ Health Perspect 1994;102(suppl 4): 157-60.
41. Overall evaluation of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs, volumes 1-42. Suppl 7. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987.
42. Brandt L. Exposure to organic solvents and risk of haematological malignancies. Leuk Res 1992;16:67-70.
43. Rinsky RA, Smith AB, Hornung R, et al. Benzene and leukemia. An epidemiologic risk assessment. N Engl J Med 1987;316:1044-50.
44. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Occupational exposure to benzene: final rule (29 CFR 1910). Federal Register 1987;52:34460-578,
45. Paxton MB, Chinchilli VM, Brett SM, et al. Leukemia risk associated with benzene exposure in the Pliofilm cohort. II. Risk estimates. Risk Anal 1994;14:155-61.
46. Paustenbach DJ, Bass RD, Price P. Benzene toxicity and risk assessment 1972-1992: implications for future regulation. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6):177-200.
47. Nilsson R, Nordlinder R, Järvholm B. Health risks associated with handling of gasoline. (In Swedish). Lakartidningen 1993;90:1553-7.
48. Infante P, Schwartz E, Cahill R. Benzene in petrol: a continuing hazard. (Letter). Lancet 1990;336:814-15.
49. Lumley M, Barker H, Murray J. Benzene in petrol. Lancet 1990;336:1318-19.
50. Schnatter AR, Katz AM, Nicolich MJ, et al. A retrospective mortality study among Canadian petroleum marketing and distribution workers. Enrviron Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6):85-99.
51. Rushton L. A 39-year follow-up of the UK refinery and distribution center studies: results for kidney cancer and leukemia. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6): 77-84.
52. Rushton L, Romaniuk H. Results of a case-control study to investigate the risk of leukemia associated with exposure to benzene in petroleum marketing and distribution workers in the United Kingdom. Nottingham: The University of Nottingham, 1995.
53. Wong O, Harris F, Smith TJ. Health effects of gasoline exposure. II. Mortality patterns of distribution workers in the United Slates. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6): 63-76.
54. Schwartz E. Proportionate mortality ratio analysis of automobile mechanics and gasoline service station workers in New Hampshire. Am J Ind Med 1987;12:91-9.
55. Lagario S, Forastiere F, lavarone I, et al. Mortality of filling station attendants. Scand J Work Environ Health 1994;20:331-8.
56. Brandt L, Nilsson PG, Mitelman F. Occupational exposure to petroleum products in men with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. (Letter). Br Med J 1978;1:553.
57. Flodin U, Frederiksson M, Persson B, et al. Acute myeloid leukemia and background radiation in an expanded casereferent study. Arch Environ Health 1990;45:364-6.
58. Lindquist R, Nilsson B, Eklund G, et al. Acute leukemia in professional drivers exposed to gasoline and diesel. Eur J Haematol 1991;47:98-103.
59. Kitchen DN. Neoplastic renal effects of unleaded gasoline in Fischer 344 rats. In: Mehlman MA, Hemstreet GP, III, Thorpe JJ, et al, eds. Advances in modern environmental toxicology. Vol 7. Renal effects of petroleum hydrocarbons. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Scientific Publishers, Inc, 1984:65-72.
60. MacFarland HN, Ulrich CF, Holdsworth CE, et al. A chronic inhalation study with unleaded gasoline vapour. J Am Coll Toxicol 1984;3:231-48.
61. McLaughlin JK, Blot WJ, Mehl ES, et al. Petroleum-related employment and renal cell cancer. J Occup Med 1985;27:672-4.
62. Partanen T, Heikkilä P, Hernberg S, et al. Renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to chemical agents. Scand J Work Environ Health 1991;17:231-9.
63. Siemiatycki J, Dewar R, Nadon L, et al. Associations between several sites of cancer and twelve petroleum-derived liquids. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987;13:493-504.
64. McLaughlin JK. Renal cell cancer and exposure to gasoline: a review. Environ Health Perspect 1993;101(suppl 6):111-14.
65. Mandel JS, McLaughlin JK, Schlehofer B, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. IV. Occupation. Int J Cancer 1995;61:601-5.
66. McLaughlin JK, Lindblad P, Mellemgaard A, et al. International renal-cell cancer study. I. Tobacco use. Int J Cancer 1995;60:194-8.
67. Jensen OM, Knudsen JB, MaLaughlin JK, et al. The Copenhagen case-control study of renal pelvis and ureter cancer: role of smoking and occupational exposures. Int J Cancer 1988;41:557-61.
68. Brinton LA, Blot WJ, Becker JA, et al. A case-control study of cancers of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Am J Epidemiol 1984;119:896-906.
69. Fukuda K, Shibata A, Harada K. Squamous cell cancer of the maxillary sinus in Hokkaido, Japan: a case-control study. Br J Ind Med 1987;44:263-6.
70. Milham S. Occupational mortality in Washington State 1950-1979. Cincinnati: US Department of Health and Human Services, NIOSH, 1983.
71. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational mortality. In: The Registrar General's decennial supplement for Great Britain, 1979-80, 1982-83. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1986. (Series DS no. 6).
72. Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Occupational health. In: Dreever F, ed. Decennial supplement. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1995.
73. Parkinson GS. Benzene in motor gasoline - an investigation into possible health hazards in and around filling stations and in normal transport operations. Ann Occup Hyg 1971;14:145-53.
74. The Oil Companies' International Study Group for Conservation of Clean Air and Water. A survey of exposure to gasoline vapour. The Hague: CONCAWE, 1987. (Report no. 4/87).
75. Machefer J, Bidron P, Guigner PM. Exposure of garage mechanics and pump attendants to benzenic hydrocarbons from motor-fuels. (In French). Arch Mal Prof 1990;51:89-94.