Linomide suppresses both Th1 and Th2 cytokines in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis

Journal of Neuroimmunology

Volumn 73, Issue 1-2, 1997, Pages 175-182

  Zhang, Guang Xian ^a   Yu, Li Ya ^a   Shi, Fu Dong ^a   Xiao, Bao Guo ^a   Björk, Jakob ^b   Hedlund, Gunnar ^b,c   Link, Hans ^a  

^a KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b Pharmacia & Upjohn AB   (Sweden)

^c LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

autoantibodies; cytokine; linomide; myasthenia gravis; T cells

Indexed keywords

CHOLINERGIC RECEPTOR; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 4; MESSENGER RNA; ROQUINIMEX; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNITY; B LYMPHOCYTE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNOMODULATION; LYMPH NODE CELL; LYMPHOCYTE PROLIFERATION; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; SUBCUTANEOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; T LYMPHOCYTE; TORPEDO;

ADJUVANTS, IMMUNOLOGIC; ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES; CELL DIVISION; CYTOKINES; FEMALE; HYDROXYQUINOLINES; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; MUSCLE WEAKNESS; MYASTHENIA GRAVIS; RATS; RATS, INBRED LEW; RECEPTORS, CHOLINERGIC; RNA, MESSENGER;

EID: 0031044539     PISSN: 01655728     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-5728(96)00197-X     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Abruzzo, L.V. and Rowley, D.A. (1983) Homeostasis of the antibody response: immunoregulation by NK cells. Science 222, 581-585.
2. Adams, D.O. and Hamilton, T.A. (1987) Molecular transductional mechanisms by which IFN-γ and other signals regulate macrophage development. Immunol. Rev. 97, 5-27.
3. Ahlberg, R.E., Pirskanen, R. and Lefvert, A.K. (1991) Defective T lymphocyte function in nonthymectomized patients with myasthenia gravis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 60, 93-105.
4. Asthana, D., Fujii, Y., Huston, G. and Lindstrom, J. (1993) Regulation of antibody production by helper T cell clones in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis is mediated by IL-4 and antigen-specific T cell factors. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 67, 240-248.
5. Collart, M.A., Belin, J., Vassalli, D., de Kossodo, S. and Vassalli, P. (1986) Gamma-interferon enhances macrophage transcription of the tumor necrosis factor/cachetin, interleukin-1, and urokinase genes, which are controlled by short-lived repressors. J. Exp. Med. 164, 2113-2118.
6. Deibler, G.E., Martensson, R.E. and Kies, M.W. (1972) Large scale preparation of myelin basic protein from central nervous tissue of several mammalian species. Prep. Biochem. 2, 139-164.
7. Dintzis, H.M. and Dintzis, R.S. (1990) Antigens as immunoregulators. Immunol. Rev. 115, 243-250.
8. Drachman, D.B., McIntosh, K.R., Silva, S.D., Kuncl, R.W. and Kahn, C. (1988) Strategies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 540, 176-186.
9. Drachman, D.B. (1994) Myasthenia gravis. N. Engl. J. Med. 330, 1797-1810.
10. Gu, D., Wogensen, L., Calcutt, N.A., Xia, C., Zhu, S., Merlie, J.P., Fox, H.S., Lindstrom, J., Powell, H.C. and Sarvetnick, N. (1995). Myasthenia gravis-like syndrome induced by expression of interferon- in the neuromuscular junction. J. Exp. Med. 181, 547-557.
11. Hauser, S.L., Ault, K.A., Levia, M.J., Garovoy, M.R. and Weiner, H.L. (1981) Natural killer cell activity in multiple sclerosis. J. Immunol. 127, 1114-1117.
12. Hohlfeld, R., Kalies, I., Kohleisen, B., Heininger, K., Conti-Tyonconi, B. and Toyka, K.V. (1986) Myasthenia gravis: Stimulation of antireceptor autoantibodies by autoreactive T cell lines. Neurology 36, 618-621.
13. Hohlfeld, R., Toyka, K.V., Tzartos, S.J., Carson, W. and Conti-Tyonconi, B. (1987) Human T helper lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis recognize the nicotinic receptor subunit. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 5379-5383.
14. Jelinek, D.F. and Lipsky, P.E. (1987) Enhancement of human B cell proliferation and differentiation by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1. J. Immunol. 139, 2970-2976.
15. Karussis, D.M., Lehmann, D., Slavin, S., Vourka-Karussis, U., Mizrachi-Koll, R., Ovadia, H., Kalland, T. and Abramsky, O. (1993) Treatment of chronic-relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with the synthetic immunomodulator linomide (quinoline-3-carboxamide). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 6400-6404.
16. Karussis, D.M., Lehmann, D., Brenner, T., Wirguin, I., Mizrachi-Koll, R., Sicsic, C. and Abramsky, O. (1994) Immunomodulation of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis with linomide. J. Neuroimmunol. 55, 187-193.
17. Lanzavecchia, A. (1985) Antigen-specific interaction between T and B cells. Nature 314, 537-539.
18. Lennon, V.A., Lambert, E.H., Leiby, K.R., Okarma, T.B. and Talib, S. (1991) Recombinant human acetylcholine receptor α-subunit induces chronic experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Immunol. 146, 2245-2248.
19. Lindstrom, J., Einarson, B. and Tzartos, S. (1981) Production and assay of antibody to acetylcholine receptors. Methods Enzymol. 74, 432-460.
20. Lindstrom, J., Shelton, D. and Fujii, Y. (1988) Myasthenia gravis. Adv. Immunol. 42, 233-285.
21. Link, H., Olsson, O., Sun, J.B., Wang, W.Z., Andersson, G., Ekre, H-P., Brenner, T., Abramsky, O. and Olsson, T. (1991) Acetylcholine receptor-reactive T and B cells in myasthenia gravis and controls. J. Clin. Invest. 87, 2191-2196.
22. Link, J., Söderström, M., Ljungdahl, Å., Höjeberg, B., Olsson, T., Xu, Z., Fredrikson, S., Wang, Z.Y. and Link, H. (1994a) Organ-specific autoantigens induce IFN-γ, and IL-4 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Neurology 44, 728-734.
23. Link, J., Fredrikson, S., Söderström, M., Olsson, T., Höjeberg, B., Ljungdahl, Å. and Link, H. (1994b) Organ-specific autoantigens induce transforming growth factor-β mRNA expression in mononuclear cells in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. Ann. Neurol. 35, 197-203.
24. Link, J., He, B., Navikas, V., Fredrikson, S. and Link, H. (1995) Transforming growth factor-β suppresses autoantigen induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines but not interleukin-10 in multiple sclerosis and myasthenia gravis. J. Neuroimmunol. 58, 21-35.
25. Llorente, L., Richaud-Patin, Y., Fior, R., Alcocer-Varela, J., Wijdenes, J., Fourrier, B.M., Galanaud, P. and Emilie, D. (1994) In vivo production of interleukin-10 by non-T cells in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and system lupus erythematosus. A potential mechanism of B lymphocyte hyperactivity and autoimmunity. Arthr. Rheum. 37, 1647-1655.
26. Loutrari, H., Kokla, A. and Tzartos, S.J. (1992) Passive transfer of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis via antigenic modulation of acetylcholine receptor. Eur. J. Immunol. 22, 2449-2452.
27. Ma, C.G., Zhang, G.X., Xiao, B.G., Link, J., Olsson, T. and Link, H. (1995) Suppression of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis by nasal administration of acetylcholine receptor. J. Neuroimmunol. 58, 51-60.
28. Ma, C.G., Zhang, G.X., Xiao, B.G. and Link, H. (1996) Cellular mRNA expression of IFN-γ, IL-4 and TGF-β in rats nasally tolerized against experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 104, 509-517.
29. Neighbour, P.A., Grayzel, A.I. and Miller, A.E. (1982) Endogenous and interferon-augmented natural killer cell activity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Studies of patients with multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 49, 11-21.
30. Okumura, S., McIntosh, K. and Drachman, D.B. (1994) Oral administration of acetylcholine receptor: effects on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Ann. Neurol. 36, 704-713.
31. Schwartz, R.H. (1995) Advances in immunoregulation and Immunotherapy. The Immunologist 3, 5-6.
32. Shah, P.D., Gilbertson, S.M. and Rowley, D.A. (1985) Dendritic cells that have interacted with antigen are targets for natural killer cells. J. Exp. Med. 162, 625-636.
33. Sidman, C.L., Marshall, J.D., Shultz, L.D., Gray, P.W. and Johnson, H.M. (1984) γ-Interferon is one of several direct B cell-maturing lymphokines. Nature 309, 801-803.
34. Skoskiewicz, M.J., Colvin, R.B., Schneeberger, E.E. and Russell, P.S. (1985) Widespread and selective induction of major histocompatibility complex-determined antigens in vivo by gamma interferon. J. Exp. Med. 162, 1645-1664.
35. Tarkowski, A., Gunnarsson, K. and Nilsson, L.A., Lindholm, L. and Stalhandske, T. (1986) Successful treatment of autoimmunity in MPL/lpr mice with LS-2616, a new immunomodulator. Arthritis Rheum. 29, 1405-1409.
36. Trinchieri, G. (1995) Interleukin-12: A proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13, 251-276.
37. Vranes, Z., Poljakovic, Z. and Marusic, M. (1989) Natural killer cell number and activity in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 94, 115-123.
38. Vukanovic, J. and Isaacs, J.T. (1995) Linomide inhibits angiogenesis, growth, metastasis, and macrophage infiltration within rat prostatic cancers. Cancer Research 55, 1499-1504.
39. Wang, Z.Y., Qiao, J., Melms, A. and Hans Link. (1993) T cell reactivity to acetylcholine receptor in rats orally tolerized against experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Cell. Immunol. 152, 394-404.
40. Wang, Z.Y., Link, H., Ljungdahl, Å., Höjeberg, B., Link, J., Qiao, J., Melms, A. and Olsson, T. (1994) Induction of interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and transforming growth factor-β in rats orally tolerized against experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Cell Immunol. 157, 353-368.
41. Yi, Q., Pirskanen, R. and Lefvert, A.K. (1993) Human muscle acetylcholine receptor reactive T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with myasthenia gravis. J. Neuroimmunol. 42, 215-222.
42. Zhang, G.X., Ma, C.G., Xiao, B.G., Bakheit, M., Link, H. and Olsson, T. (1995) Depletion of CD8+ T cells suppresses of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in Lewis rats. Eur. J. Immunol. 25, 1191-1198.
43. Zhang, G.X., Yu, L.Y., Xiao, B.G. and Link, H. (1996a) Enhancement of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in rat by RhIL-10 is associated with augmented B cell response to AChR. (Abstract) V International Conference on Cytokines, Florence, 1996, p. 111.
44. Zhang, G.X., Xiao, B.G., Bakheit, M., van der Meder, P.H., Wigzell, H., Link, H. and Olsson, T. (1996b) Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are essential to induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. J. Exp. Med. 184, 349-356.