Biofilms in urinary tract infections

Current Opinion in Urology

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 61-64

  Reid, Gregor ^a  

^a LAWSON HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ARTICLE; BACTERIAL COLONIZATION; BIOFILM; HUMAN; INFECTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; TISSUE; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

EID: 0031042802     PISSN: 09630643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00042307-199701000-00012     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Reid G, Tieszer C, Bailey RR: Bacterial biofilms on devices used in nephrology. Nephrology 1995, 1:269-275.
2. Herschorn S, Ordirica RC: Penile prosthesis insertion with corporeal reconstruction with synthetic vascular graft material. J Urol 1995, 154:80-84.
3. Wilson SK, Delk JR II: Inflatable penile implant infection: predisposing factors and treatment suggestions. J Urol 1995, 153:659-661.
4. Light JK, Lapin S, Vohra S: Combined use of bowel and the artificial urinary sphincter in reconstruction of the lower urinary tract: infectious complications. J Urol 1995, 153:331-333.
5. Reid G, Tieszer C, Denstedt J, Kingston D: Examination of bacterial and encrustation deposition on ureteral stents of differing surface properties, after indwelling in humans. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 1995, 5:171-179. This study is important as it not only combines surface science, microbiology, and clinical methodologies, but it demonstrates a method for evaluating different devices.
6. Caldwell DE: Cultivation and study of biofilm communities. In Microbial Biofilms. Edited by Lappin-Scott HM, Costerton JW. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press; 1995:64-79. This group is at the forefront of studies on the structure of biofilms. These real-time experiments provide a new insight into how a biofilm is composed and structured.
7. Dewanti R, Wong ACL: Influence of culture conditions on biofilm formation by Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Int J Food Microbiol 1995, 26:147-164.
8. Mack D, Fischer W, Krokotsch A, Leopold K, Hartmann R, Egge H, Laufs R: The intracelullar adhesin involved in biofilm accumulation of Staphylococcus epidermidis is a linear β-1,6-linked glucosaminoglycan purification and structural analysis. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:175-183. Staphylococci are important pathogens in device-associated infections. The finding of an adhesin, which enables cells to bind to each other to form the biofilm, could provide a target to which agents could be directed for biofilm eradication or for making the organisms more susceptible to antibiotic therapy.
9. Inglis TJJ, Tit-Meng L, Mah-Lee N, Ee-Koon T, Kok-Pheng H: Structural features of tracheal tube biofilm formed during prolonged mechanical ventilation. Chest 1995, 108:1049-1052. This is one of relatively few studies to document and highlight the involvement of host immune cells in biofilms.
10. Reid G, Bailey RR: Biofilm infections: implications for diagnosis and treatment W Z Med J 1996, 109:41-42.
11. Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, Korber DR, Lappin-Scott H: Microbial biofilms. Ann Rev Microbiol 1995, 49:711-745. This is an outstanding review of the field by Costerton, a key figure in biofilm discovery in medicine.
12. Farsi HMA, Mosli HA, Al-Zemaity MF, Bahnassy AA, Alvarez M: Bacteriuria and colonization of double-pigtail ureteral stents: long-term experience with 237 patients. J Endourol 1995, 9:469-472. This paper analyzes a large number of stents and also recognizes the importance of microbial colonization of the device itself, not just planktonic organisms floating in the urine.
13. Eginton PJ, Gibson H, Holah J, Handley PS, Gilbert P: Quantification of the ease of removal of bacteria from surfaces. J Indust Microbiol 1995, 15:305-310. If biofilms are to be studied and their role in medicine better appreciated, one must be able to remove and enumerate the adherent organisms. This paper provides a novel method for that purpose.
14. Rahav G, Strul H, Pode D, Shapiro M: Bacteriuria following extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in patients whose urine was sterile before the procedure. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 20:1317-1320.
15. Reid G, Brooks HJL, Bialkowska-Hobrzanska H, Valvano M: Bacteriuria in spinal cord injured patients. In Antibiotic Therapy in Urology. Edited by Mulholland SG. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott-Raven; 1996: 187-199.
16. Orr PH, Nicolle LE, Duckworth H, Brunka J, Kennedy J, Murray D, Harding GK: Febrile urinary infection in the institutionalized elderly. Am J Med 1996, 100:71-77.
17. Khardori N, Yassien M: Biofilms in device-related infections. J Indust Microbiol 1995, 15:141-147.
18. Parsons CL: Infections of urologie prostheses. Curr Opin Urol 1996, 6:41-44.
19. Raad I, Darouiche R, Hachem R, Sacilowski M, Bodey GP: Antibiotics and prevention of microbial colonization of catheters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995, 39:2397-2400. Provides experimental data indicating that certain antimicrobial agents can penetrate and clear biofilms.
20. Yasuda H, Ajiki Y, Koga T, Yokota T: Interaction between clarithromycin and biofilms formed by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:138-141
21. Teichman JM, Abraham VE, Stein PC, Parsons CL: Protamine sulfate and vancomycin are synergistic against Staphylococcus epidermidis prosthesis infection in vivo. J Urol 1994, 152:213-216.
22. Anglen JO, Apostoles S, Christensen G, Gainor B: The efficacy of various irrigation solutions in removing slime-producing Staphylococcus. J Orthop Trauma 1994, 8:390-396.
23. Reid G, Sharma S, Advikolanu K, Tieszer C, Martin RA, Bruce AW: Effect of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin in vitro on the adhesion and survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on urinary catheters. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1994, 38:1490-1495.
24. Gottlieb PL: Comparison of enoxacin versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infection. Clin Ther 1995, 17:493-502.
25. Nickel JC: Prostatitis. In Antibiotic Therapy in Urology. Edited by Mulholland SG. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott-Raven; 1996: 57-69. This is a good review of the pathogenesis of prostatitis, and potential methods for treatment.
26. Russell AD: Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to biocides. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 1995, 36:247-265. Some of the relevant literature, like this paper, is contained in basic science journals which explore industrial applications of biofilms. The development, and use of, biocides and microbial resistance to their action are interesting concepts with medical applications.
27. Wong HY, Reidl CR, Griffith DP: The effect of iontophoresis on bacterial growth in urine. J Urol 1995, 154:1944-1947. The use of electric currents to destroy biofilms was initially an exciting idea. Its true potential clinically has yet to be realized, and these studies indicate some important limitations which would need to be overcome.
28. Jass J, Costerton JW, Lappin-Scott HM: The effect of electrical currents and tobramycin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. J Indust Microbiol 1995, 15:234-242. The use of electric currents with antibiotics was hypothesized to break the biofilm bonds and allow the drug to kill the organisms. Based upon this work, a combined approach does not clear the organisms. Studies with other antibiotics, however, may yet prove that the concept has some potential.
29. Reid G, Tieszer C: Use of lactobacilli to reduce the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus to catheters. Int Biodeter Biodegrad 1995, 34:73-83.
30. Reid G, Tieszer C, Lam D: Influence of lactobacilli on the adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans to diapers. J Indust Microbiol 1995, 15:248-253.
31. Velraeds MMC, van der Mei HC, Reid G, Busscher HC: Inhibition of initial adhesion of uropathogenic Enterococcus faecalis by biosurfactants from Lactobacillus isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996, 62:1958-1963. The discovery of lactobacilli biosurfactants that significantly interfere with uropathogen colonization of materials is a very exciting finding. The ability of a natural compound(s) to detach uropathogens from surfaces has, to my knowledge, never before been documented.
32. Bower CK, McGuire J, Daesche MA: Influences on the antimicrobial activity of surface-adsorbed nisin. J Indust Microbiol 1995, 15:227-233.