메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 20, Issue 2 II, 1997, Pages 445-454

The cardiac vulnerable period and reentrant arrhythmias: Targets of anti- and proarrhythmic processes

Author keywords

antiarrhythmic; long QT syndrome; monomorphic; polymorphic; potassium channel; proarrhythmic; reentry; sodium channel; spiral waves vulnerability

Indexed keywords

POTASSIUM CHANNEL; SODIUM CHANNEL;

EID: 0031042788     PISSN: 01478389     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06203.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (43)
  • 1
    • 8044261051 scopus 로고
    • Hidden hazards of cardiac pacemakers
    • Burchell HB. Hidden hazards of cardiac pacemakers. Circulation 1961; 24:161-163.
    • (1961) Circulation , vol.24 , pp. 161-163
    • Burchell, H.B.1
  • 2
    • 0002704803 scopus 로고
    • Electrical hazards associated with cardiac pacemaking
    • Whalen RE, Starmer CF, and McIntosh HD. Electrical hazards associated with cardiac pacemaking. Ann NY Acad Sci 1964; 111:922-931.
    • (1964) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.111 , pp. 922-931
    • Whalen, R.E.1    Starmer, C.F.2    McIntosh, H.D.3
  • 3
    • 0014150627 scopus 로고
    • Factors determining vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation induced by 60-CPS alternating current
    • Sugimoto T, Schaal SF, Wallace AG. Factors determining vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation induced by 60-CPS alternating current. Circ Res 1967; 21:601-608.
    • (1967) Circ Res , vol.21 , pp. 601-608
    • Sugimoto, T.1    Schaal, S.F.2    Wallace, A.G.3
  • 4
    • 0019365075 scopus 로고
    • The discontinuous nature of propagation in normal canine cardiac muscle: Evidence for recurrent discontinuities of intracellular resistance that affect the membrane currents
    • Spach MS, Miller WT, Geselowitz DB, et al. The discontinuous nature of propagation in normal canine cardiac muscle: Evidence for recurrent discontinuities of intracellular resistance that affect the membrane currents. Circ Res 1981; 48:39-54.
    • (1981) Circ Res , vol.48 , pp. 39-54
    • Spach, M.S.1    Miller, W.T.2    Geselowitz, D.B.3
  • 5
    • 0023937823 scopus 로고
    • Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle: A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation
    • Spach MW, Dolber PC, Heidlage JF. Influence of the passive anisotropic properties on directional differences in propagation following modification of the sodium conductance in human atrial muscle: A model of reentry based on anisotropic discontinuous propagation. Circ Res 1988; 62: 811-832.
    • (1988) Circ Res , vol.62 , pp. 811-832
    • Spach, M.W.1    Dolber, P.C.2    Heidlage, J.F.3
  • 6
    • 0030009255 scopus 로고
    • Reentrant wavefronts in Wiggers' stage II ventricular fibrillation: Characteristics and mechanisms of termination and spontaneous regeneration
    • Lee JJ, Kamjoo K, Hough D, et al. Reentrant wavefronts in Wiggers' stage II ventricular fibrillation: Characteristics and mechanisms of termination and spontaneous regeneration. Circ Res 1966; 78: 660-675.
    • (1966) Circ Res , vol.78 , pp. 660-675
    • Lee, J.J.1    Kamjoo, K.2    Hough, D.3
  • 7
    • 0025925153 scopus 로고
    • A proarrhythmic response to sodium channel blockade: Theoretical model and numerical experiments
    • Starmer CF, Lastra AA, Nesterenko VV, et al. A proarrhythmic response to sodium channel blockade: Theoretical model and numerical experiments. Circulation 1991; 84:1364-1377.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.84 , pp. 1364-1377
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Lastra, A.A.2    Nesterenko, V.V.3
  • 8
    • 0026692813 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac instability amplified by use-dependent Na channel blockade
    • Starmer CF, Lancaster AR, Lastra AA, et al. Cardiac instability amplified by use-dependent Na channel blockade. Am J Physiol 1992; 262:H1305-1310.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Lancaster, A.R.2    Lastra, A.A.3
  • 9
    • 0027363517 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability in an excitable medium: Analytical and numerical studies of initiating unidirectional propagation
    • Starmer CF, Biktashev VN, Romashko DN, et al. Vulnerability in an excitable medium: Analytical and numerical studies of initiating unidirectional propagation. Biophys J 1993; 65:1775-1787.
    • (1993) Biophys J , vol.65 , pp. 1775-1787
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Biktashev, V.N.2    Romashko, D.N.3
  • 10
    • 43949148315 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability in one-dimensional excitable media
    • Starobin JM, Zilberter YI, Starmer CF. Vulnerability in one-dimensional excitable media. Physica D 1994; 70:321-341.
    • (1994) Physica D , vol.70 , pp. 321-341
    • Starobin, J.M.1    Zilberter, Y.I.2    Starmer, C.F.3
  • 11
    • 43949156376 scopus 로고
    • Vulnerability in an excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium: From 1D to 2D
    • Gomez-Gesteira J, Fernandez-Garcia G, Munuzuri AP, et al. Vulnerability in an excitable Belousov-Zhabotinsky medium: from 1D to 2D. Physica D 1994; 76:359-368.
    • (1994) Physica D , vol.76 , pp. 359-368
    • Gomez-Gesteira, J.1    Fernandez-Garcia, G.2    Munuzuri, A.P.3
  • 12
    • 0029114060 scopus 로고
    • Proarrhythmic response to potassium channel blockade: Numerical studies of polymorphic tachyarrhythmias
    • Starmer CF, Romashko DN, Reddy RS, et al. Proarrhythmic response to potassium channel blockade: Numerical studies of polymorphic tachyarrhythmias. Circulation 1995; 92:595-605.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 595-605
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Romashko, D.N.2    Reddy, R.S.3
  • 13
    • 0030053563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wavelet formation in excitable cardiac tissue: The role of wavefront-obstacle interactions in initiating high frequency fibrillatory-like arrhythmias
    • Starobin JM, Zilberter YI, Rusnak EM, et al. Wavelet formation in excitable cardiac tissue: The role of wavefront-obstacle interactions in initiating high frequency fibrillatory-like arrhythmias. Biophys J 1996; 70:581-594.
    • (1996) Biophys J , vol.70 , pp. 581-594
    • Starobin, J.M.1    Zilberter, Y.I.2    Rusnak, E.M.3
  • 14
    • 0001645662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boundary layer analysis of waves propagating in an excitable medium: Medium conditions for wavefront-obstacle separation
    • In press
    • Starobin JM, Starmer CF. Boundary layer analysis of waves propagating in an excitable medium: Medium conditions for wavefront-obstacle separation. Phys Rev E (In press).
    • Phys Rev E
    • Starobin, J.M.1    Starmer, C.F.2
  • 15
    • 0022409621 scopus 로고
    • Phasic ion channel blockade: A kinetic model and method for parameter estimation
    • Starmer CF, Grant AO. Phasic ion channel blockade: A kinetic model and method for parameter estimation. Mol Pharm 1985; 28:348-356.
    • (1985) Mol Pharm , vol.28 , pp. 348-356
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Grant, A.O.2
  • 16
    • 0022495395 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative description of QX222 blockade of sodium channels in squid giant axon
    • Starmer CF, Yeh JZ, Tanguy J. A quantitative description of QX222 blockade of sodium channels in squid giant axon. Biophys J 1986; 49:913-920.
    • (1986) Biophys J , vol.49 , pp. 913-920
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Yeh, J.Z.2    Tanguy, J.3
  • 17
    • 0023125061 scopus 로고
    • Ligand binding to transiently accessible sites: Mechanism for varying apparent binding rates
    • Starmer CF, Packer DL, Grant AO. Ligand binding to transiently accessible sites: Mechanism for varying apparent binding rates. J Theor Biol 1987; 124:335-341.
    • (1987) J Theor Biol , vol.124 , pp. 335-341
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Packer, D.L.2    Grant, A.O.3
  • 18
    • 0024433878 scopus 로고
    • Blockade of rabbit atrial sodium channels by lidocaine: Characterization of continuous and frequency-dependent blocking
    • Gilliam FR, Starmer CF, Grant AO. Blockade of rabbit atrial sodium channels by lidocaine: Characterization of continuous and frequency-dependent blocking. Circ Res 1989; 65:723-739.
    • (1989) Circ Res , vol.65 , pp. 723-739
    • Gilliam, F.R.1    Starmer, C.F.2    Grant, A.O.3
  • 19
    • 0024334474 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of concentration and use-dependent effect of quinidine from conduction delay and declining conduction velocity in canine Purkinje fibers
    • Packer DL, Grant AO, Strauss HC, et al. Characterization of concentration and use-dependent effect of quinidine from conduction delay and declining conduction velocity in canine Purkinje fibers. J Clin Invest 1989; 83:2109-2119.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.83 , pp. 2109-2119
    • Packer, D.L.1    Grant, A.O.2    Strauss, H.C.3
  • 20
    • 0024451657 scopus 로고
    • Marked QRS complex abnormalities and sodium channel blockade by propoxyphene reversed with lidocaino
    • Whitcomb DC, Gilliam FR, Starmer CF, et al. Marked QRS complex abnormalities and sodium channel blockade by propoxyphene reversed with lidocaino. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1629-1636.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1629-1636
    • Whitcomb, D.C.1    Gilliam, F.R.2    Starmer, C.F.3
  • 21
    • 0025676658 scopus 로고
    • Channel specificity in antiarrhythmic drug action: Mechanism of potassium channel block and its role in suppressing and aggravating cardiac arrhythmias
    • Colatsky TJ, Follmer CH, Starmer CF. Channel specificity in antiarrhythmic drug action: Mechanism of potassium channel block and its role in suppressing and aggravating cardiac arrhythmias. Circulation 1990; 82:2235-2242.
    • (1990) Circulation , vol.82 , pp. 2235-2242
    • Colatsky, T.J.1    Follmer, C.H.2    Starmer, C.F.3
  • 22
    • 0030022395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The cardiac transient outward potassium current: A pulse chemistry model of frequency-dependent properties
    • Liu L, Krinsky VI, Grant AO, et al. The cardiac transient outward potassium current: A pulse chemistry model of frequency-dependent properties. Am J Physiol 1996; 270:H386-H387.
    • (1996) Am J Physiol , vol.270
    • Liu, L.1    Krinsky, V.I.2    Grant, A.O.3
  • 23
    • 0029066179 scopus 로고
    • Altering the topology of gap junctions in nonuniform anisotropy: A major therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation
    • Spach MS, Starmer CF. Altering the topology of gap junctions in nonuniform anisotropy: A major therapeutic target in atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 1995; 30:336-344.
    • (1995) Cardiovasc Res , vol.30 , pp. 336-344
    • Spach, M.S.1    Starmer, C.F.2
  • 24
    • 33744869668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slow excitation waves and mechanisms of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in rabbit and ground squirrel right ventricular preparation
    • In press
    • Kukushkin NI, Sidorov VY, Medvinky AB, et al. Slow excitation waves and mechanisms of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in rabbit and ground squirrel right ventricular preparation. Biofizika (In press).
    • Biofizika
    • Kukushkin, N.I.1    Sidorov, V.Y.2    Medvinky, A.B.3
  • 25
    • 0024321898 scopus 로고
    • Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction
    • Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators. Preliminary report: Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989: 321:406-112.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.321 , pp. 406-1112
  • 26
    • 84912409820 scopus 로고
    • On dynamic: Equilibrium in the heart
    • London
    • Mines GR. On dynamic: equilibrium in the heart. J Physiol (London) 1913; 46:349-383.
    • (1913) J Physiol , vol.46 , pp. 349-383
    • Mines, G.R.1
  • 27
    • 84956515648 scopus 로고
    • The mathematical formulation of the problem of conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle
    • Wiener N, Rosenblueth A. The mathematical formulation of the problem of conduction of impulses in a network of connected excitable elements, specifically in cardiac muscle. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1946; 16:205-265.
    • (1946) Arch Inst Cardiol Mex , vol.16 , pp. 205-265
    • Wiener, N.1    Rosenblueth, A.2
  • 28
    • 0346135191 scopus 로고
    • Multiple responses at the boundaries of the vulnerable window in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction
    • Aliev RR, Panfilov AV. Multiple responses at the boundaries of the vulnerable window in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. Phys Rev E 1995; 52: 2287-2293.
    • (1995) Phys Rev E , vol.52 , pp. 2287-2293
    • Aliev, R.R.1    Panfilov, A.V.2
  • 29
    • 0020063515 scopus 로고
    • The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog: Cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity
    • Spach MS, Miller WT, Dolber PC, et al. The functional role of structural complexities in the propagation of depolarization in the atrium of the dog: Cardiac conduction disturbances due to discontinuities of effective axial resistivity. Circ Res 1982; 50:175-191.
    • (1982) Circ Res , vol.50 , pp. 175-191
    • Spach, M.S.1    Miller, W.T.2    Dolber, P.C.3
  • 30
    • 0013881809 scopus 로고
    • La tachycardie ventriculaire a deux foyers opposes variable
    • Dessertenne F. La tachycardie ventriculaire a deux foyers opposes variable. Arch Mal Coeur 1966; 59: 263-272.
    • (1966) Arch Mal Coeur , vol.59 , pp. 263-272
    • Dessertenne, F.1
  • 31
    • 0020665903 scopus 로고
    • A mechanism of torsade de pointes in a canine model
    • Bardy GH, Ungerleider RM, Smith WM, et al. A mechanism of torsade de pointes in a canine model. Circulation 1983; 67:52-59.
    • (1983) Circulation , vol.67 , pp. 52-59
    • Bardy, G.H.1    Ungerleider, R.M.2    Smith, W.M.3
  • 32
    • 0017196810 scopus 로고
    • Torsades de pointes initiated by electrical ventricular stimulation
    • Evans TR, Curry PVL, Fitchett DH, et al. Torsades de pointes initiated by electrical ventricular stimulation. J Electrocardiol 1976; 9:255.
    • (1976) J Electrocardiol , vol.9 , pp. 255
    • Evans, T.R.1    Curry, P.V.L.2    Fitchett, D.H.3
  • 33
    • 0019428919 scopus 로고
    • Torsade de Pointes: Electrophysiologic studies in patients without transient pharmacologic or metabolic abnormalities
    • Horowitz LN, Greenspan AM, Spielman SR, et al. Torsade de Pointes: Electrophysiologic studies in patients without transient pharmacologic or metabolic abnormalities. Circulation 1981; 63: 1120-1128.
    • (1981) Circulation , vol.63 , pp. 1120-1128
    • Horowitz, L.N.1    Greenspan, A.M.2    Spielman, S.R.3
  • 34
    • 0028790657 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of cardiac fibrillation
    • Gray RA, Jalife J, Panfilov AV, et al. Mechanisms of cardiac fibrillation. Science 1995; 270:1222-1223.
    • (1995) Science , vol.270 , pp. 1222-1223
    • Gray, R.A.1    Jalife, J.2    Panfilov, A.V.3
  • 35
    • 0025910863 scopus 로고
    • Stress and sudden death: The case of the long QT syndrome
    • Schwartz PJ, Zaxa A, Locati E, et al. Stress and sudden death: The case of the long QT syndrome. Circulation 1991; 83:II-71-II-80.
    • (1991) Circulation , vol.83
    • Schwartz, P.J.1    Zaxa, A.2    Locati, E.3
  • 36
    • 0028340233 scopus 로고
    • Late Na channels in cardiac cells: The physiological role of background Na channels
    • Zilberter YI, Starmer CF, Starobin J, et al. Late Na channels in cardiac cells: The physiological role of background Na channels. Biophys J 1994; 67: 153-160.
    • (1994) Biophys J , vol.67 , pp. 153-160
    • Zilberter, Y.I.1    Starmer, C.F.2    Starobin, J.3
  • 37
    • 0028874658 scopus 로고
    • + channel blockade and to increases in heart rate: Implications for gene-specific therapy
    • + channel blockade and to increases in heart rate: Implications for gene-specific therapy. Circulation 1995; 92:3381-3386.
    • (1995) Circulation , vol.92 , pp. 3381-3386
    • Schwartz, P.J.1    Priori, S.G.2    Locati, E.H.3
  • 39
    • 0024451657 scopus 로고
    • Marked QRS complex abnormalities and sodium channel blockade by propoxyphene reversed with lidocaine
    • Whitcomb DC, Gilliam FR, Starmer CF, et al. Marked QRS complex abnormalities and sodium channel blockade by propoxyphene reversed with lidocaine. J Clin Invest 1989; 84:1629-1636.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 1629-1636
    • Whitcomb, D.C.1    Gilliam, F.R.2    Starmer, C.F.3
  • 40
    • 0017332486 scopus 로고
    • Local anesthetics: Hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction
    • Hille B. Local anesthetics: hydrophilic and hydrophobic pathways for the drug-receptor reaction. J Gen Physiol 1977; 69:497-515.
    • (1977) J Gen Physiol , vol.69 , pp. 497-515
    • Hille, B.1
  • 41
    • 0017726385 scopus 로고
    • Time- and voltage-dependent interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs with cardiac sodium channels
    • Hondeghem LM, Katzung BG. Time- and voltage-dependent interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs with cardiac sodium channels. Biochem Biophys Acta 1977; 472:373-398.
    • (1977) Biochem Biophys Acta , vol.472 , pp. 373-398
    • Hondeghem, L.M.1    Katzung, B.G.2
  • 42
    • 0025160206 scopus 로고
    • Using ionic currents to identify and estimate parameters in models of channel blockade
    • Starmer CF, Nesterenkko VV, Gilliam FR, et al. Using ionic currents to identify and estimate parameters in models of channel blockade. Am J Physiol 1990; 259:H626-634.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259
    • Starmer, C.F.1    Nesterenkko, V.V.2    Gilliam, F.R.3
  • 43
    • 0028798766 scopus 로고
    • The stochastic nature of cardiac propagation at a microscopic level: Electrical description of myocardial architecture and its application to conduction
    • Spach MS, Heidlage JF. The stochastic nature of cardiac propagation at a microscopic level: Electrical description of myocardial architecture and its application to conduction. Circ Res 1995; 76: 366-380.
    • (1995) Circ Res , vol.76 , pp. 366-380
    • Spach, M.S.1    Heidlage, J.F.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.