Risk of diarrhoea, Clostridium difficile and cefotaxime in the elderly

Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy

Volumn 51, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 63-67

  Starr, J M ^a   Impallomeni, M ^b  

^a Royal Victoria Hospital Edinburgh   (United Kingdom)

^b HAMMERSMITH HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

aging; C difficile; cephalosporins

Indexed keywords

CEFOTAXIME; VACCINE;

AGED; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; DIARRHEA; HOSPITAL INFECTION; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; VACCINATION;

EID: 0031041293     PISSN: 07533322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0753-3322(97)87728-1     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. 1 Hall JC, O'Toole E. Intestinal flora in newborn infants with a description of a new pathogenic anaerobe, Bacillus difficilis. Am J Dis Child 1935;49:390-402
2. 2 Hafiz S, Oakley CL. Clostridium difficile: isolation and characteristics. J Med Microbiol 1976;9:129-36
3. 3 Larson HE, Price AB. Pseudomembranous colitis: presence of a clostridial toxin. Lancet 1977;2:1312-14
4. 4 George WL, Sutter VL, Goldstein EJ, Ludwig SL, Finegold SM. Aetiology of antimicrobial-agent-associated colitis. Lancet 1978;1:802-3
5. 5 Finney JMT. Gastro-enterostomy for cicatrizing ulcer of the pylorus. Bull John Hopkins Hosp 1893;4:53-5
6. 6 Taylor NS, Thorne GM, Bartlett JG. Comparison of two toxins produced by Clostridium difficile. Infect Immun 1981;34:1036-43
7. 7 Tabaqchali S, Holland D, O'Farrell S, Silma R. Typing scheme for Clostridium difficile: its application in clinical and epidemiological studies. Lancet 1984;1:935-8
8. 8 Department of Health/Public Health Laboratory Service Joint Working Group. Clostridium Difficile Infection. Prevention and Management. Heywood, UK: BAPS Health Publ, 1994
9. 9 Impallomeni M, Galletly N, Wort SJ, Starr JM, Rogers TR. Increased risk of diarrhoea caused by Clostridium difficile in elderly patients receiving cefotaxime. Br Med J 1995;311:1345-6
10. 10 Arranz E, Ferguson A. Ageing and gastrointestinal immunity. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1992;4:1-14
11. 11 Makinodan T, Kay MMB. Age influence on the immune system. Adv Immunol 1980;29:287-330
12. 12 Kishimoto S, Tomino S, Inomata K et al. Age-related changes in the subsets and functions of human T-lymphocytes. J Immunol 1978;121:1773-80
13. 13 Saltzman RL, Peterson PK. Immunodeficiency of the elderly. Rev Infect Dis 1987;9:1127-39
14. 14 Arranz E, O'Mahony S, Barton JR, Ferguson A. Immunosenescence and mucosal immunity: significant effects of old age on secretory IgA concentrations and intraepithelial lymphocyte counts. Gut 1992;33:882-6
15. 15 Horan MA, Fox RA. Ageing and the immune response -a unifying hypothesis? Mech Ageing Dev 1984;26:165-81
16. 16 Karjalainen T, Barc MC, Collignon A et al. Cloning of a genetic determinant from Clostridium difficile involved in adherence to tissue-cultured cells and mucus. Infect Immun 1994;62:4347-55
17. 17 Bacon AE, Fekety R. Immunoglobulin G directed against toxins A and B of Clostridium difficile in the general population and patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1994;18:205-9
18. 18 Warny M, Vaerman JP, Avesani V, Delmee M. Human antibody response to Clostridium difficile toxin A in relation to clinical course of infection. Infect Immun 1994;62:384-9
19. 19 Barc MC, Depitre C, Corthier G, Collignon A, Su WJ, Bourlioux P. Effects of antibiotics and other drugs on toxin production in Clostridium difficile in vitro and in vivo. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992;36:1332-5
20. 20 Golledge CL, McKenzie T, Riley TV. Extended spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics and Clostridium difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother 1989;23:929-31
21. 21 Green ST, Mackie R, McMillan H, Davie JW. Clostridium-induced colitis occurring during cefotaxime therapy. Ulster Med J 1985;54:80-2
22. 22 Tumbarello M, Tacconelli E, Leone F, Cauda R, Ortona L. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection: a case-control study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1995;7:259-63
23. 23 Gerding DN, Olson MM, Peterson LR et al. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and colitis in adults. A population case-controlled epidemiologic study. Arch Int Med 1986;146:95-100
24. 24 McFarland LV, Surawicz CM, Greenberg RN et al. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. J Am Med Assoc 1994;271:1913-18
25. 25 Anand A, Bashey B, Mir T, Glate AE. Epidemiology, clinical manifestation, and outcome of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:519-23
26. 26 British Medical Association and the Royal Therapeutical Society of Great Britain. British National Formulary. London: BMA, 1996;31:227
27. 27 Association of the British Pharmaceutical Society. Data Sheet Compendium. London: Datapharm Publ Ltd, 1995:1486
28. 28 Turnidge JD. Pharmacodynamic (kinetic) considerations in the treatment of moderately severe infections with cefotaxime. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1995;22:57-69
29. 29 Matsushita H, Suzuki H, Sugiyama Y et al. Effect of benzylpenicillin on the disposition of cefodizime in rats: no net effect on total clearance due to decreased hepatobiliary and increased renal clearance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1992;260:499-504
30. 30 British Medical Association and the Royal Therapeutical Society of Great Britain. Br Nat Formulary 1996:31:234
31. 31 British Thoracic Society. Guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital. Br J Hosp Med 1993;49:346-50
32. 32 Canawati HN. A reassessment of the activity of the third-generation cephalosporins against anaerobes and Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Surg 1992;164 (suppl 4A):24S-7S
33. 33 Fekety R, Shah AB. Diagnosis and treatment of Clostridium difficile colitis. J Am Med Assoc 1993;269:71-5
34. 34 Samore MH, Venkataraman L, De Girolami PC, Arbeit RD, Karchmer AW. Clinical and molecular epidemiology of sporadic and clustered cases of nosocomial Clostridium difficile diarrhea. Am J Med 1996;100:32-40
35. 35 Kerr L, Johnson J. The effect of sodium hypochlorite disinfection of the environment on nosocomial acquisition of Clostridium difficile (abstr). Am J Infect Control 1994;22:102
36. 36 Ambrose NS, Johnson M, Burdon DW, Keighley MRB. The influence of single dose intravenous antibiotics on faecal flora and emergence of Clostridium difficile. J Antimicrob Chemother 1985;15:319-26
37. 37 Schwann A, Sjolin S, Trottestam U, Aronsson B. Relapsing Clostridium difficile enterocolitis cured by rectal infusion of normal faeces. Scand J Infect Dis 1984;16:211-15
38. 38 Torres JF, Lyerly DM, Hill JE, Monath TP. Evaluation of formalin-inactivated Clostridium difficile vaccines administered by parenteral and mucosal routes of immunization in hamsters. Infect Immun 1995;63:4619-27