Dendritic cells and macrophages in the pituitary and the gonads. Evidence for their role in the fine regulation of the reproductive endocrine response

European Journal of Endocrinology

Volumn 136, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 8-24

  Hoek, A ^a,b   Allaerts, W ^a,c   Leenen, P J M ^a   Schoemaker, J ^b   Drexhage, H A ^a  

^a ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^b VU UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (Netherlands)

^c RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CARRIER PROTEIN; CYTOKINE; ENZYME; ENZYME INHIBITOR; ICOSANOID; NUCLEOTIDE DERIVATIVE; PEPTIDE HORMONE; STEROID HORMONE;

ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; AUTOIMMUNITY; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; DENDRITIC CELL; ENDOCRINE CELL; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; GONAD; HORMONE RELEASE; HYPOPHYSIS; HYPOPHYSIS GONAD SYSTEM; IMMUNE RESPONSE; MACROPHAGE; MICROCIRCULATION; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REGULATORY MECHANISM; REPRODUCTION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; WOUND HEALING;

EID: 0031040205     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1360008     Document Type: Review

References (193)

1. Aschoff L. Das reticulo-endotheliale system. Ergebnisse Innere Medizin und Kinderheilkunder 1924 26 1-118.
2. van Furth R, Cohn ZA, Hirsch JG, Humphrey JH, Spector WC, & Langevoort HL. The mononuclear phagocyte system: a new classification of macrophages, monocytes, and their precursor cells. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1972 46 845-852.
3. van der Meer JWM. Defects in host-defence mechanisms. In Clinical Approach to Infections in the Compromised Host, pp 41-73. Eds RH Rubin & LS Young. New York: Plenum Press, 1988.
4. Rich IN. A role for macrophages in normal haemopoiesis. I. Functional capacity of bone-marrow-derived macrophages to release hemopoietic growth factors. Experimental Hematology 1996 14 738-745.
5. Vogt C. Noé G & Rich IN. The role of the blood island during normal and 5-tluorouacil-pertubated hemopoiesis. Blood Cells 1991 17 105-125.
6. Weinberg ED. Cellular iron metabolism in health and disease. Drug Metabolism Reviews 1990 22 531-579.
7. Radzun HJ, Kreipe H, Zavazava N, Hansmann ML & Parwaresch MR. Diversity of the human monocyte/macrophage system as detected by monoclonal antibodies. Journal of Leucocyte Biology 1988 43 41-50.
8. Beelen RHJ. Betjes MGH & Kamperdijk EVVA. Macrophages: General aspects. In Immunopharmacology of Macrophages and other Antigen-Presenting Cells, pp 7-17. Eds CAFM Bruijnzeel-Koomen & ECM Hoefsmit. London: Academic Press, 1994.
9. van der Meer JWM, Beelen RHJ, Fluitsma DM & van Furth R. Ultrastructure of mononuclear phagocytes developing in liquid bone marrow cultures. A study on peroxidase activity. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1979 149 17-26.
10. van Furth R, Hirsch JG & Fedorko ME. Morphology and peroxidase cytochemistry of mouse promonocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1970 132 794-805.
11. Beelen RHJ, Bos HJ, Kamperdijk EWA & Hoefsmit ECM. Ultrastructure of monocytes and macrophages. In Human Monocytes, pp 7-17. Eds GLG Asherson & M Zembala. London: Academic Press, 1989.
12. Kamperdijk EWA, Bos HJ, Beelen RHJ & Hoefsmit ECM. Morphology and ultrastructure of dendritic cells. In Human Monocytes, pp 17-25. Eds GLG Asherson & M Zembala. London: Academic Press, 1989.
13. Leenen PJM & Campbell PA. Heterogeneity of mononuclear phagocytes. An interpretive review. In Blood Cell Biochemistry, vol 5: Macrophages and related cells, pp 29-84. Ed MA Horton. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.
14. Gordon S, Perry VH, Rabinowitz S, Chung LP & Rosen H. Plasma membrane receptors of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Journal of Cell Science Suppl 1988 9 1-26.
15. 5 Duvall E, Wyllie AH & Morris RG. Macrophage recognition of cells undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis). Immunology 1985 56 351-358.
16. Brown EJ. Complement receptors and phagocytosis. Current Opinion in Immunology 1991 3 76-82.
17. Simms HH, Gaither TA, Fries LF & Frank MM. Monokines released during short-term FC-γ receptor phagocytosis upregulate polymorphnuclear leukocytes and monocyte-phagocytic function. Journal of Immunology 1991 147 265-272.
18. Pryima J. Immunoregulatory function of munocytes. In Human Monocytes, pp 237-46. Eds M Zembala & GL Asherson. London: Academic Press, 1989.
19. Campbell PA, Canono BP & Cook JL. Mouse macrophages stimulated by recombinant γ-interferon to kill tumor cells are not bactericidal for the facultative intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. Infection and Immunity 1988 56 1371-1375.
20. Keller R. Mechanisms of macrophage-mediated tumor cell killing: a comparative analysis of the role of reactive nitrogen intermediates and TNF. International Journal of Cancer 1990 46 682-695.
21. Leblanc PA. Activated macrophages use different cytolytic mechanisms to lyse a virally infected or a tumor target. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1990 48 1-12.
22. van de Loosdrecht AA, Ossenkoppele GJ, Beelen RHJ & Langenhuysen MMAC. Monocyte mediated cytotoxicity against a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line. Role of Interferon and tumor necrosis factor-α. Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy 1992 34 393-398.
23. Walker WS, Hester RB & Beelen RHJ. Persistent expression of Iaantigen on a subpopulation of murine peritoneal macrophages. Cellular Immunology 1983 79 125-133.
24. Beelcn RHJ, van Rees EP, Bos HJ, Kamperdijk EWA & Dijkstra CD. Ontogeny of antigen-presenting cells. In The Immunology of the Fetus, pp 33-42. Ed G Chaouat. Florida: CRC Press, 1989.
25. Veerman AJP & van Ewijk W. White pulp compartments in the spleen of rats and mice. Cell and Tissue Research 1975 156 416-441.
26. Kamperdijk EWA, Raaymakers EM, de Leeuw JHS & Hoefsmit ECM. Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response. I. The primary response to paratyphoid vaccine. Cell and Tissue Research 1978 192 1-23.
27. Duijvestijn AM & Kamperdijk EWA. Birbeck granules in interdigitating cells of thymus and lymph node. Cell Biology International Reports 1982 6 655.
28. Leibovich SJ, Polverini PJ, Shephard HM, Wiseman DM, Shively V & Nuseir N. Macrophage induced angiogenesis is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α. Nature 1987 329 630-632.
29. Pierce GF, Mustoe TA, Lingelbach J, Masakowski VR, Gramates P & Deuel TE. Transforming growth factor-β reverses the glucocorticoid-induced wound-healing deficit in rats: possible regulation in macrophages by platelet-derived growth factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1989 86 2229-2233.
30. Inaba K & Steinman RM. Resting and sensitized T lymphocytes exhibit distinct stimulatory (antigen-presenting cell) requirements for growth and lymphokine release. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1984 160 1717-1735.
31. van Voorhis WC, Valinsky J, Huffman E, Luban J, Hair LS & Steinman RM. Relative efficiency of human monocytes and dendritic cells as accesory cells for T cell replication, Journal of Experimental Medicine 1983 158 174-191.
32. Austyn JM, Lymphoid dendritic cells. Immunology 1987 62 161-170.
33. Steinman RM. The dendritic cell system and its role in immunogenicity. Annual Review of Immunology 1991 9 271-296.
34. Breatnach SM. The Langerhans cell. British Journal of Dermatology 1988 119 463-469.
35. Romani N, Lenz A, Gassel H, Stossel H, Stanzl U, Majdic O, Fritsch P & Sculer G. Cultured human Langerhans cells resemble lymphoid dendritic cells in phenotype and function. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1989 93 600-609.
36. Hart DNJ & Fahre JW. MHC antigens in rat kidney, ureter and bladder: localization and demonstration of Ia positive dendritic cells. Transplantation 1981 31 318-325.
37. Hart DN. Demonstration and characterization of Ia-positive dendritic cells in the interstitial connective tissues of rat heart and other tissues, but not brain. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1981 154 347-361.
38. Drexhage HA, Mullink R, De Groot J, Clarke J & Balfour BM. A study of cells present in the peripheral lymph of pigs with special reference to a type of cell resembling the Langerhans cell. and Tissue Research 1979 202 407-430.
39. Kamperdijk EWA. van Niewkerk EBJ, Veraasdonk MAM & Hoefsmit ECM. Macrophages in different compartments of the non-neoplastic lymph node. Current Topics in Pathology 1990 84 219-245.
40. Balfour BM, Drexhage HA, Kamperdijk EWA & Hoefsmit ECM. Antigen-presenting cells, including Langerhans cells, veiled cells and interdigitating cells. In Microenvironments in Haemopoietic and Lymphoid Differentiation (Ciba Foundation Symposium), pp 281-301. Eds R Porter & J Whelan. London: Pitman Medical, 1981.
41. Kabel PJ, de Haan-Meulman M, Voorbij HAM, Kleingeld M, Knol EF & Drexhage HA, Accessory cells with a morphology and marker pattern of dendritic cells can be obtained from elutriatorpurified blood monocyte fractions. An enhancing effect of metrizamide in this differentiation. Immunobiology 1989 179 395-411.
42. Najar HM, Ruhl S, Bru-Capdevillc AC & Peters JH. Adenosine and its derivates control human monocyte differentiation into highly accessory cells versus macrophages. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1990 47 429-439.
43. Peters JH, Ruppert J, Giesseler RKH, Najar HM & Xu H. Differentiation of human monocytes into CD14 negative accessory cells: Dendritic cells derive from monocytic lineage? Pathobiology 1991 59 122-126.
44. Caux C, Liu Y-J & Banchereau J. Recent advances in the study of dendritic cells and follicular dendritic cells. Immunology Today 1995 16 2-4.
45. Peters JH, Giese R, Thiele B & Steinbach F. Dendritic cells: from ontogenetic orphans to myelomonocytic descendants. Immunology Today 1996 17 273-278.
46. Santiago-Schwartz F, Belilos E, Diamond B & Carsons SE. TNF in combination with GM-CSF enhances the differentiation of neonatal cord blood stem cells into dendritic cells and macrophages. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 1992 52 274-281.
47. Caux C, Massacrier C, van der Vliet B, Dubois B, Dezutter-Dambuyant C, Schmitt D & Banchereau J. Characterization of human CD 34+ derived dendritic/Langerhans cells. Abstract presented at the Third International Symposium on Dendritic Cells in Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Annecy, France 1994.
48. Drexhage HA, Lens JW, Cvetanov J, Kamperdijk EWA, Mullink R & Balfour BM. Veiled cells resembling Langerhans cells. In Mononuclear Phagocytes. Functional Aspects, pp 235-72. Ed R van Furth. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1980.
49. Birbeck MS, Breathnach AS & Everall JD. An electron microscopic study of basal melanocytes and high level clear cells (Langerhans cells) in vitiligo. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1961 37 51-64.
50. Hoefsmit ECM, Duijvestijn AM & Kamperdijk EWA. Relation between Langerhans cells, veiled cells and interdigitating cells. Immunobiology 1982 161 255-265.
51. Nussenzweig MC, Steinman RM, Unkeless JC, Witmer MD, Gutchinov B & Cohn ZA. Studies of cell surface of mouse dendritic cells and other leukocytes. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1981 154 168-187.
52. Prickett TCR, McKenzie JL & Hart DNJ. Characterization of interstitial dendritic cells in human liver. Transplantation 1988 46 754-761.
53. Betjes MGH, Haks MC, Tuk CW & Beelen RHJ. Monoclonal antibody EBM 11 (anti-CD68) discriminates between dendritic cells and macrophages after short-term culture. Immunobiology 1991 183 79-87.
54. Kamperdijk EWA, van Vugt E, Richters CD & Beelen RHJ. Morphology of dendritic cells. In Immunopharmacology of Macrophages and Other Antigen-presenting Cells, pp 45-61. Eds CAFM Bruijnzeel-Koomen & ECM Hoefsmit. London: Academic Press, 1994.
55. Uccini S, Vitolo D, Stoppacciaro A, Palliota D, Cassano AM, Barsotti P, Ruco LP & Baroni CD. Immunoreactivity for S100 protein in dendritic and in lymphocyte-like cells in human Iymphoid tissues. Virchows Archiv: International Journal of Pathology E 1986 52 129-141.
56. Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Ishizeki J, Nakajima T & Nakazato Y. Immunohistochemical and immunoelectronmicroscopic localization of S100 protein in the interdigitating reticulum cells of the human lymph node. Virchows Archiv: International Journal of Pathology B 1981 37 125-135.
57. Zhou L-J & Tedder TF. Human blood dendritic cells selectively express CDS3, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Journal of Immunology 1995 154 3824-3835.
58. Jiang W, Swiggard WJ, Heufler C, Peng M, Mirza A, Steinman RM & Nussenzweig MC. The receptor DEC-205 expressed by dendritic cells and thymic epithelial cells is involved in antigen processing. Nature 1995 375 151-155.
59. Pure E, Inaba K, Crowley MT, Tardelli L, Witmer-Pack MD, Ruberti G, Fathman G & Steinman RM. Antigen processing by epidermal Langerhans cell correlates with the level of biosynthesis of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and expression of invariant chain. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1990 172 1459-1469.
60. Hart DNJ & Calder VL. Human dendritic cells: function and cytokine production. In Immunopharmacology of Macrophages and Other Antigen-presenting Cells, pp 64-91. Eds CAFM Bruijnzeel-Koomen & ECM Hoefsmit. London: Academic Press, 1994.
61. Vakkila J, Sihvola M & Hurme M. Human peripheral blood-derived dendritic cells do not produce interleukin 1-α, interleukin 1-β or interleukin 6. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 1990 31 345-352.
62. Mosmann TR & Coffman RL. Th1 and Th2 cells: Different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annual Review of Immunology 1989 7 145-173.
63. Romagnani S. Human Th1 and Th2 subsets: regulation of differentiation and role in protection and immunopathology. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 1989 98 279-285.
64. Hsieh C-S, Macatonia SE, Tripp CS, Wolf SF, O'Garra A & Murphy KM. Development of TH1 CD4+ T-cells through IL12 produced by Listeria-induced macrophages. Science 1993 260 547-549.
65. Scott P. IL-12: initiation cytokine for cell-mediated immunity. Science 1993 260 496-497.
66. Moore KV, O'Garra A, de Waal Malefyt R, Vieira P & Mosmann TR. Interleukin 10. Annual Review of Immunology 1993 11 165-190.
67. D'Andrea A, Aste-Amezaga M, Valiante NM, Ma X, Kubin M & Trinchieri G. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) inhibits human leucocyte interferon-γ production by suppressing natural killer stimulatory factor/IL-12 synthesis in accessory cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 1993 178 1041-1048.
68. Powrie F, Menon S & Coffman RL. Interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 synergize to inhibit cell-mediated immunity in vivo. European Journal of Immunology 1993 23 2223-2239.
69. Betz M & Fox BS. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits production of Th1 lymphokines but not of Th2 lymphokines. Journal of Immunology 1991 146 108-113.
70. Johnson HM & Torres BA. Leukotrienes: positive signals for regulation of γ-interferon production. Journal of Immunology 1984 132 413-416.
71. Bennett S, Por SB, Stanley ER & Breit SN. Monocyte proliferation in a cytokine-free, serum-free system. Journal of Immunological Methods 1992 153 210-212.
72. Takahashi K, Yamamura F & Naito M. Differentiation. maturation, and proliferation of macrophages in the yolk sac: A light-microscopic, enzyme-cytochemical, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. Journal of Leukacyte Biology 1989 45 87-96.
73. Allaerts W, Fluitsma DM, Hoefsmit ECM, Jeucken PHM, Morreau H, Bosman FT & Drexhage HA. Immunohistochemical, morphological and ultrastructural resemblance between dendritic cells and folliculo-stellatc cells in normal human and rat anterior pituitaries. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 1996 8 17-29.
74. Allaerts W, Jeucken PHM, Debets R, Hoefakker S, Claassen E & Drexhage HA. Heterogeneity of pituitary folliculo-stellate cells: implications for interleukin-6 production and accessory function in vitro. Journal of Neuroendocrinology (In Press).
75. Allaerts W. Functional communication between the endocrine and immune system at the pituitary: pleiotropism or transient differentiation stages within the folliculo-stellate and dendritic cell group? Belgian Journal of Zoology 1995 125 29-51.
76. Vankelecom H, Carmeliet P, van Damme J, Billiau A & Denef C. Production of interleukin-6 by folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland in a histiotypic cell aggregate culture system. Neuroendocrinology 1989 49 102-106.
77. Vankelecom H, Matthys P, van Damme J, Heremans H, Billiau A & Denef C. Immunocytochemical evidence that S100-positive cells of the mouse anterior pituitary contain interleukin-6 immunoreactivity. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 1993 41 151-156.
78. Rinehart JF & Farquhar JT. Electron microscopic studies of the anterior pituitary gland. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 1953 1 93-113.
79. Vila-Porcile E. Le réseau des cellules folliculo-stellaires et les follicules de l'adénohypophyse du rat (pars distalis). Zeitschrift für Zellforschung und Mikroskopische Anatomie 1972 129 328-369.
80. Allaerts W, Carmeliet P & Denef C. New perspectives in the function of pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinolgy 1990 71 73-81.
81. Cocchia D & Miani N. Immunocytochemical localization of the brain-specific S-100 protein in the pituitary of adult rat. Journal of Neurocytology 1980 9 771-782.
82. Nakajiama T, Yamaguchi H & Takahashi K. S-100 protein in folliculo-stellate cells of the rat pituitary anterior lobe. Brain Research 1980 191 523-531.
83. Forbes MS. Fine structure of the stellate cell in the pars distalis of the lizard, Anolis carolensis. Journal of Morphology 1972 136 227-246.
84. Schechter J, Ahmad N & Weiner R. Activation of anterior pituitary folliculo-stellate cells in the formation of estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting tumors. Neuroendocrinology 1988 48 569-576.
85. Allaerts W, Jeucken PHM, Hofland LJ & Drexhage HA. Morphological, immunohistochemical and functional homologies between pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and lymphoid dendritic cells. Acta Endocrinologica 1991 125 92-97.
86. Allaerts W, Jeucken PHM, Bosman FT & Drexhage HA. Relationship between dendritic cells and folliculo-stellate cells in the pituitary: Immunohistochemical comparison between mouse, rat, and human pituitaries. In Dendritic Cells in Fundamental und Clinical Immunology, pp 637-42. Eds EWA Kamperdijk, P Niewenhuis & ECM Hoefsmit. New York: Plenum Publishing Co, 1993.
87. Shirasawa N, Kihara H, Yamaguchi S & Yoshimura F. Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats. Cell and Tissue Research 1983 231 255-239.
88. Moore BW. A soluble protein characteristic of the nervous system. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1965 9 739-744.
89. Takahashi K, Yamaguchi H, Ishizeki J, Nakajima T & Nakazato Y. Immunohistochemical study of α and β of S100 protein in human neoplasms and normal tissues. Virchows Archiv: International Journal of Pathology 1984 45 385-396.
90. Baes M, Allaerts W & Denef C. Evidence for functional communication between folliculo-stellate cells and hormone-secreting cells in perfused anterior pituitary cell aggregates. Endocrinology 1987 120 685-691.
91. Allaerts W & Denef C. Regulatory activity and topological distribution of folliculo-stellate cells in rat anterior pituitary cell aggregates. Neuroendocrinology 1989 49 409-418.
92. Allaerts W, Tijssen AMI, Jeucken PHM, Drexhage HA & de Koning J. Influence of folliculo-stellate cells on biphasic luteinizing hormone secretion response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in rat pituitary cell aggregates. European Journal of Endocrinology 1994 130 530-539.
93. Vankelecom H, Carmeliet P, Heremans H, van Damme J, Dijkmans R, Billiau A & Denef C. Interferon-γ inhibits stimulated adrenocorticotropin, prolactin and growth hormone secretion in normal rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology 1990 126 29 19-2926.
94. Spangelo BL, Judd Am, Isakson PC & MacLeod RM. Interleukin-6 stimulates anterior pituitary hormone release in vitro. Endocrinology 1989 125 575-577.
95. Yamaguchi M, Matsuzaki N, Hirota K, Miyake A & Tanizawa O. Interleukin 6 possibly induced by interleukin 1β in the pituitary gland stimulates the release of gonadotropins and prolactin. Acta Endocrinologica 1990 122 201-205.
96. Lyson K & McCann SM. The effect of interleukin-6 on pituitary hormone release in vivo and in vitro. Neuroendocrinology 1991 54 262-266.
97. Ishikawa H, Nogami H & Shirasawa N. Novel clonal strains from adult rat anterior pituitary producing S-100protein. Nature 1983 303 711-713.
98. Bulmer D. The histochemistry of ovarian macrophages in the rat. Journal of Anatomy 1964 98 313-319.
99. Hume DA, Halpin D, Charlton H & Gordon S. The mononudear phagocyte system of the mouse defined by immunohistochemical localization of antigen F4/80: macrophages of endocrine organs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1984 81 4174-4177.
100. Parr EL. Histological examination of the rat ovarian follicle wall prior to ovulation. Biology of Reproduction 1974 11 483-503.
101. Cavender JL & Murdoch WJ. Morphological studies of the microcirculatory system of periovulatory ovine follicles. Biology of Reproduction 1988 39 989-997.
102. Gillim SW, Christensen AK & McLennan CE. Fine structure of the human menstrual corpus luteum at its stage of maximal secretory activity. American Journal of Anatomy 1969 126 409-428.
103. Katabuchi H, Fukumatsu I & Okamura H. Immunohistochemical and morphological observations of macrophages in the human ovary. In Growth factors and the Ovary, pp 409-13. Ed AN Hirshfield, New York: Plenum Press, 1989.
104. Krishna A & Terranova PF. Alterations in mast cell degranulation and ovarian histamine in the proestrous hamster. Biology of Reproduction 1985 32 1211-1217.
105. Schmidt G, Owman C & Sjoberg N-O. Cellular localization of ovarian histamine, its cyclic variations, and histaminergic effects on ovulation in the rat ovary perfused in vitro. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 1988 82 409-417.
106. Standaert HE, Zamora CS & Chew BP. Quantitative and qualitative changes in blood leucocytes in the porcine ovary. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1991 25 163-168.
107. Brännström M, Mayrhofer G & Robertson S. Localization of leukocyte subsets in rat ovary during the periovulatory period. Biology of Reproduction 1993 48 277-286.
108. Hoek A, van der Klooster JM, de Haan-Meulman M, van der Schoot P & Drexhage HA. The infiltration of various subsets of macrophages in the rat ovary during the normal oestrous cycle. Biology of Reproduction (In Press).
109. Gaytan F, Aceitero J, Bellido C, Sanchez-Criado JE & Agulilar E. Estrous cycle-related changes in mast cell numbers in several ovarian compartments in the rat. Biology of Reproduction 1991 45 27-33.
110. Brännström M, Giesecke L, Moore IC, van den Heuvel CJ & Robertson SA. Leukocyte subpopulations in the rat corpus luteum during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 1994 50 1161-1167.
111. Paavola LG. The corpus luteum of the guinea pig. Fine structure of macrophages during pregnancy and postpartum luteolysis and the phagocytosis of luteal cells. American Journal of Anatomy 1979 154 337-364.
112. Bagavandoss P, Kunkel SL, Wiggins RC & Keyes PL. Localization of macrophages and T lymphocytes and induction of tumornecrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in corpora lutea of pregnant and pseudo-pregnant rats. Biology of Reproduction 1988 38 56S.
113. Droesch K, Fulghman DL & Liu HC. Distribution of T cell subsets in follicular fluid. Fertility and Sterility 1988 50 618-621.
114. Hill JA, Barbieri RJ & Anderson DJ. Detection of T8 (suppressor/ cytotoxic) lymphocytes in human ovarian follicular fluid. Fertility and Sterility 1987 47 114-117.
115. Castilla JA, Sampalo A, Molina R, Samaniego F, Mozas J, Vergara F, Garrido F & Herruzo AJ. Mononuclear cell subpopulation in human follicular tluid from stimulated cycles. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1990 22 127-129.
116. Loukides JA, Loy RA, Edwards R, Honig J, Visintin I & Polan ML. Human follicular fluids contain tissue macrophages. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990 71 1363-1367.
117. Lei ZM, Chegnini N & Rao CH V. Quantitative cell composition of human and bovine corpora lutea from various reproductive states. Biology of Reproduction 1991 44 1148-1156.
118. Petrovska M, Sedlak R, Nouza K, Presl J & Kinsky R. Development and distribution of white blood cells within various structures of the human corpus luteum examined using an image analysis system. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1992 28 77-80.
119. Wang LJ, Pascoe V, Petrucco OM & Norman RJ. Distribution of leucocyte subpopulations in the human corpus luteum. Human Reproduction 1992 7 197-202.
120. Brännström M, Pascoe V, Norman RJ & McClure N. Localization of leukocyte subsets in the follicle wall and in the corpus luteum throughout the human menstrual cycle. Fertility and Sterility 1994 61 488-495.
121. Adams EC & Hertig AT. Studies on the human corpus luteum. I. Observations on the ultra structure of development and regression of the luteal cells during the menstrual cycle. Journal of Cellular Biology 1969 41 696-715.
122. Kirsch TM, Friedman AC, Vogel RL & Flickeringer GL. Macrophages in corpora lutea of mice: Characterization and effects on steroid secretion. Biology of Reproduction 1981 25 629-658.
123. Hutson JC. Development of cytoplasmatic digitations between Leydig cells and testicular macrophages of the rat. Cell and Tissue Research 1992 267 385-389.
124. Itoh M, de Rooij DG, Jansen A & Drexhage HA. Phenotypical heterogeneity of testicular macrophages/dendritic cells in normal adult mice: an immunohistochemical study. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1995 28 217-232.
125. Lobel B, Rosenbaum R & Deane H. Enzymic correlates of physiological regression of follicles and corpora lutea in ovaries of normal rats. Endocrinology 1961 68 232-247.
126. Kokia E, Hurwitz A, Ricciarelli E, Tedeschi E, Resnick C, Mitchell M & Adashi EY. Interleukin-1 stimulates ovarian prostaglandin biosynthesis: evidence for cell-cell interaction. Endocrinology 1992 130 3095-3097.
127. Brännström M, Wang L & Norman RJ, Effects of cytokincs on prostaglandin production and steroidogenesis of incubated preovulatory follicles of the rat. Biology of Reproduction 1993 48 165-171.
128. Wang LJ, Brännström M, Robertson SA & Norman RJ. Tumor necrosis factor-α in the human ovary: presence of follicular fliuid and effects on cell proliferation and prostaglandin production. Fertility and Sterility 1992 58 934-940.
129. Gospodarowicz D, Cheng J, Lui GM, Baird A, Esch F & Bohlen P. Corpus luteum angiogenic factor is related to fibroblast growth factor. Endocrinology 1985 117 2383-2391.
130. Berse B, Brown LF, van de Water L, Dvorak HF & Senger DR. Vascular permeability factor (vascular endothelial factor) gene is expressed differentially in normal tissues, macrophages and tumors. Molecular Biology of the Cell 1992 3 211-220.
131. Ferrara N, Schweigerer L, Neufeld G, Mitchell R & Gospodarowicz D. Pituitary follicular cells produce basic fibroblast growth factor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 1987 84 5773-5777.
132. Ferrara N & Henzel WJ. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1989 161 851-858.
133. Pepper MS, Ferrara N, Orci L & Montesano R. Potent synergism between vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the induction of angiogenesis in vitro. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1992 189 824-831.
134. Hutson JC. Changes in the concentration and size of testicular macrophages. Biology of Reproduction 1990 43 885-890.
135. Raburn DJ, Coquelin A & Hutson JC. Human chorionic gonadotropin increases the concentration of macrophages in neonatal rat testis. Biology of Reproduction 1991 45 172-177.
136. Lombard-Vignon N, Grizard G & Boucher D. Influence of rat testicular macrophages on Leydig cell function in vitro. International Journal of Andrology 1991 15 144-159.
137. Gaytan F, Bellido C, Aguilar E & van Rooijen. Pituitary-testicular axis in rats lacking testicular macrophages. European Journal of Endocrinology 1995 132 218-222.
138. Verhoeven G, Cailleau J, van Damme J & Billiau A. Interleukin-1 stimulates steroidogenesis in cultured rat Leydig cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 1988 57 51-60.
139. Calkins JH, Sigel MM, Nankin HR & Lin T. Interleukin-1 inhibits Leydig cell steroidogenesis in primary culture. Endocrinology 1988 123 1605-1610.
140. Calkins JH, Guo H, Sigel MM & Lin T. Tumor necrosis factor α enhances inhibitory effects of interleukin-1β on Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1990 166 1313-1318.
141. Lin T, Wang D, Nagpal ML, Calkins JH, Chang W & Chi R. Interleukin-1 inhibits cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 expression in primary cultures of Leydig cells. Endocrinology 1991 129 1305-1311.
142. Xiong Y & Buchanan Hales D. The role of tumor necrosis factor-α in the regulation of mouse Leydig cell steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 1993 132 2438-2444.
143. Pollänen P, Söder O & Parvinen M. Interleukin-1α stimulation of spermatogonial proliferation in vivo. Reproductive Fertility and Development 1989 1 85-87.
144. Khan SA, Kahn SJ & Dorrington JH. Interleukin-1 stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in immature rat Leydig cells in vitro. Endocrinology 1992 131 1853-1857.
145. Kahn SA & Nieschlag E. Interleukin-1 inhibits follitropin-induced aromatase activity in immature rat Sertoli cells in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinolgy 1991 75 1-7.
146. Halme J, Hammond MG, Syrop CH & Talbert LM. Peritoneal macrophages modulate human granulosa-luteal cell progester-one production. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1985 61 912-916.
147. Hoek A, van Kasteren Y, de Haan-Meulman M, Schoemaker J & Drexhage HA. Dysfunction of monocytes and dendritic cells in patients with premature ovarian failure. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1995 30 207-217.
148. Danel L, Cordier G, Revillard JP & Saez S. Presence of estrogen binding sites and growth stimulating effect of estradiol in the human myelogenous cell line, HL 90. Cancer Research 1982 42 4701-4705.
149. Danel L, Souweine J, Monier C & Saez S. Specific estrogen binding sites in human lymphoid cells and thymic cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1983 18 559-563.
150. Barak V, Biran S, Halimi M & Treves AJ. The effect of estradiol on the human myelomonocytic cell. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1986 9 355-363.
151. Polan ML, Daniele A & Kuo A. Gonadal steroids modulate human monocyte interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity. Fertility and Sterility 1988 49 964-968.
152. Polan ML, Lonkides J, Nelson P, Carding S, Diamond M, Walsh A & Bottomly K. Progesterone and estradiol modulate interleukin-Iβ messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured human peripheral blood monocytes. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1989 69 1200-1206.
153. Gulshan S, McCruden AB & Stimson WH. Oestrogen receptors in macrophages. Scandanavian Journal of Immunology 1990 31 691-697.
154. Vernon-Roberts B. The effects of steroid hormones on macrophage activity. International Review of Cytology 1969 25 131-142.
155. Flynn A. Expression of Ia and the production of interleukin I by peritoneal exudate macrophages activated in vivo by steroids. Life Sciences 1986 38 2455-2460.
156. Hu SK, Mitcho YL & Rath NC. Effect of estradiol on interleukin I synthesis by macrophages. International Journal of Immunopharmacology 1988 10 247-252.
157. Chao T-C, van Alten PJ & Walter RJ. Steroid sex hormones and macrophage function: modulation of reactive oxygen intermediates and nitrite release. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1994 32 43-52.
158. Baranao RI, Tenenbaum A & Rumi LS. Effects of sexual steroid hormones on the functionality of marine peritoneal macrophages. Steroids 1991 56 481-485.
159. Yee JB & Hutson JC. Effects of testicular macrophages-conditioned medium on Leydig cells in culture. Endocrinology 1985 116 2682-2684.
160. Miyake T, Taguchi O, Ikeda H, Sato Y, Takeuchi S & Nishizuka Y. Acute oocyte loss in experimental autoimmune oophoritis as a possible model of premature ovarian failure. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1988 158 186-192.
161. Taguchi O, Nishizuka Y, Sakakura T & Kojima A. Autoimmune oophoritis in thymectomized mice: detection of circulating antibodies against oocytes. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 1980 40 540-553.
162. Tung KSK, Smith S, Teuscher C, Cook C & Anderson RH. Murine autoimmune oophoritis, epididymoorchitis, and gastritis induced by day 3 thymectomy. American Journal of Pathology 1987 126 293-302.
163. Takemura R & Werb Z. Secretory products of macrophages and their physiological functions. American Journal of Physiology 1984 246 1-9.
164. Nathan CF. Secretory products of macrophages. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1987 79 319-326.
165. Fukuoka M, Yasuda K, Taii S, Takakura K & Mori T. Interleukin-1 stimulates growth and inhibits progesterone secretion in the culture of porcine granulosa cells. Endocrinology 1989 124 844-890.
166. Kasson BG & Gorospoe WC. Effects of interleukins 1, 2 and 3 on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced differentiation of rat granulosa cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinolgy 1989 62 103-111.
167. Gottschall PH, Katsuura G & Arimura A. Interleukin-1 suppresses follicle-stimulating hormone-induced estradiol secretion from cultured ovarian granulosa cells. Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1989 15 281-290.
168. Fukuoka M, Mori T, Taii S & Yasuda K. Interleukin-1 inhibits luteinization of porcine granulosa cells in culture. Endocrinology 1988 122 367-369.
169. Gottschall PE, Katsuura G, Huffman ST & Arimura A. Interleukin 1: an inhibitor of luteinizing hormone receptor formation in cultured rat granulosa cells. FASEB Journal 1988 2 2492-2496.
170. Hurwitz A, Ricarelli E, Botero L, Rohan RM, Hernandez ER & Adashi EY. Endocrine and autocrine-mediated regulation of rat ovarian (theca-interstitial) interleukin-1β gene expression: Gonadotropin-dependent preovulatory acquisition. Endocrinology 1991 129 3427-3429.
171. Fukuoka M, Yasuda K, Emi N, Fujiwara H, Iwai M, Takakura K, Kanzaki H & Mori T. Cytokine modulation of progesterone and estradiol secretion in cultures of luteinized human granulosa cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1992 75 254-258.
172. Sjögren A, Holmes PV & Hillensjö T. Interleukin-Iα modulates LH stimulated cyclic-AMP and progesterone release from human granulosa cells in vitro. Human Reproduction 1991 6 910-913.
173. Wang LJ, Robertson S, Seamark RF & Norman RJ. Lymphokines including interleukin-2, alter gonadotropin stimulated progesterone production and proliferation of human granulosa-lutein cells in vitro. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1991 72 824-831.
174. Nothnick WB & Pate JL. Interleukin-1β is a potent stimulator of prostaglandin synthesis in bovine luteal cells. Biology of Reproduction 1990 43 898-903.
175. Brännström M, Wang L & Norman RJ. Effects of cytokines on prostaglandin production and steroidogenesis of incubated preovulatory follicles of the rat. Biology of Reproduction 1993 48 165-171.
176. Nakamura Y, Kato H & Terranova PF. Iuterleukin-1β increases thecal progesterone production of preovulatory follicles in cyclic hamster. Biology of Reproduction 1990 43 169-173.
177. Roby KF. Lyles WR & Terranova PF. Immunological evidence for human ovarian tumor necrosis factor-α. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990 71 1096-1102.
178. Pitzel L, Jarry H & Wuttke W. Effects and interactions of prostaglandin F2α, oxytocin, and cytokines on steroidogenesis of porcine luteal cells. Endocrinology 1993 132 751-756.
179. Adashi EY, Resnick C, Croft CS & Payne DW. Tumor necrosis factor α inhibits gonadotropin hormonal action in non transformed ovarian granulosa cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1989 264 11591-11596.
180. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, Packman JN, Herwitz A & Payne DW. Cytokine-mediated regulation of ovarian function: tumor necrosis factor-α inhibits gonadotropin supported progesterone accumulation by differentiating and luteinized murine granulosa cells. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 1990 162 889-899.
181. Emoto L & Board A. The effect of tumor necrosis factor/cachectin on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1988 153 792-798.
182. Andreani CL, Payne DW, Packman JN, Resnick CE. Hurwitz A & Adashi EY. Cytokine-mediated regulation of ovarian function: Tumor necrosis factor α inhibits gonadotropin-supported ovarian androgen biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1991 266 6761-6766.
183. Zolti M, Meirom R, Shemesh M, Wollach D, Mashiach S, Shore L & Rafael ZB. Granulosa cells as source and target organ for tumor necrosis-factor-α. FEBS Letters 1990 261 253-255.
184. Wang HZ, Lu SH, Han XJ, Zhan W, Sheng WX, Sun ZD & Gong YT. Inhibitory effect of Interferon and tumor necrosis factor on human luteal function in vitro. Fertility and Sterility 1992 58 941-945.
185. Fairchild Benyo D & Pate JL. Tumor-necrosis factor α alters bovine luteal cell synthetic capacity and viability. Endocrinology 1992 130 854-860.
186. Adashi EY & Resnick CE. Antagonistic interactions of transforming growth factors in the regulation of granulosa cell differentiation. Endocrinology 1986 119 1879-1881.
187. Mori T. Immuno-endocrinology of cyclic ovarian function. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 1990 23 80-89.
188. Adashi EY, Resnick CE & Twardzik DR. Transforming growth factor-α attenuates the acquisition of aromatase activity by cultured rat granulosa cells. Journal of Cell Biochemistry 1987 33 1-13.
189. Skinner MK, Keski-Oja J, Osteen KG & Moses HL. Ovarian thecal cells produce transforming growth factor-β which can regulate granulosa cell growth. Endocrinology 1987 121 786-792.
190. Dorrington J, Chuma AV & Bendell JJ. Transforming growth factor-β and follicle-stimulating hormone promote rat granulosa cell proliferation. Endocrinology 1988 123 353-359.
191. Dodson WC & Schomberg. The effect of transforming growth factor-β on follicle-stimulating hormone induced differentiation of cultured rat granulosa cells. Endocrinology 1987 120 512-516.
192. Ying S-Y, Becker A, Ling N, Ueno N & Guillemin R, Inhibin and β type transforming growth factor have opposite modulating effects on FSH induced aromatase activity of cultured rat granulosa cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1986 136 969-978.
193. Mooij P, Simons PJ, de Haan-Meulman M, de Wit HJ & Drexhage HA. The effect of thyroid hormones and other iodinated compounds on the transition of monocytes into veiled/dendritic cells. A role of GM-CSE TNF-α and IL-6. Journal of Endocrinology 1994 140 503-512.