Multiple differences in the play fighting of male and female rats. Implications for the causes and functions of play

Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 105-120

  Pellis, Sergio M ^a   Field, Evelyn F ^a   Smith, Lori K ^a   Pellis, Vivien C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LETHBRIDGE   (Canada)

Author keywords

Androgens; Defeminization; Masculinization; Play fighting; Playful attack; Playful defense; Rats; Sex differences

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; DEFENSIVE BEHAVIOR; FEMALE; FEMINIZATION; FIGHTING; MALE; MOTIVATION; NONHUMAN; PLAY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; RAT; SENSORIMOTOR FUNCTION; SEX DIFFERENCE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; VIRILIZATION;

EID: 0031038593     PISSN: 01497634     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/0149-7634(95)00060-7     Document Type: Article

References (92)

1. Adams N., Boice R. A longitudinal study of dominance in an outdoor colony of domestic rats. J. Comp. Psych. 97:1983;24-33.
2. Archer, J.; Huntingford, F. Game theory models and escalation of animal fights. In: Potegal, M.; Knutson, J.F., eds. The Dynamics of Aggression. Biological and Social Processes in Dyads and Groups. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Inc.; 1994:3-31.
3. Baldwin, J.D. Behavior in infancy: Exploration and play. In: Mitchell, C.; Erwin, J., eds. Comparative Primate Biology, Vol. 2A: Behavior, Conservation, and Ecology. New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc.; 1986:295-326.
4. Barber N. Play and energy regulation in mammals. Quart. Rev. Biol. 16:1991;129-147.
5. Baum, M.J. Hormonal control of sex differences in brain and behavior of mammals. In: Crews, D., ed. Psychobiology and Reproductive Behavior of Mammals: An Evolutionary Approach. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall; 1987:231-257.
6. Beach F.A. Effects of gonadal hormones on urinary behavior in dogs. Physiol. Behav. 12:1974;1005-1013.
7. Beatty, W.W. Gonadal hormones and sex differences in nonreproductive behaviours. In: Gerall, A. A.; Moltz, H.; Ward, I. L., eds. Handbook of Behavioural Neurobiology, Vol. II. Sexual Differentiation. New York: Plenum Press; 1992:85-128.
8. Beckel A.L. Wrestling play in adult river otters, Lutra canadensis. J. Mammal. 72:1991;386-390.
9. Berdoy, M. Making decisions in the wild: Constraints, conflicts and communication in foraging rats. In: Galef, B. G., Jr.; Mainardi, M.; Valsecchi, P., eds. Behavioral Aspects of Feeding. Switzerland: Hardwood Academic Press; 1994:289-313.
10. Biben M. Sex differences in the play of young ferrets. Biol. Behav. 7:1982;303-308.
11. Biben M. Individual- and sex-related strategies of wrestling play in captive squirrel monkeys. Ethology. 71:1986;229-241.
12. Blanchard R.J., Flannelly K.J., Blanchard D.C. Life-span studies of dominance and aggression in established colonies of laboratory rats. Physiol. Behav. 43:1988;1-7.
13. Blanchard R.J., Blanchard D.C., Takahashi T., Kelley M.J. Attack and defense behaviour in the albino rat. Anim. Behav. 25:1977;622-634.
14. Boice R., Adams N. Degrees of captivity and aggressive behavior in domestic Norway rats. Bull. Psychon. Soc. 21:1983;149-152.
15. Bolles R.C., Woods P.J. The ontogeny of behaviour in the albino rat. Anim. Behav. 12:1964;427-441.
16. Boulton, M.J.; Smith, P.K. The social nature of play fighting and play chasing. Mechanisms and strategies underlying cooperation and compromise. In: Barkow, J.H.; Cosmides, L.; Tooby, J., eds. The Adapted Mind. New York: Oxford University Press; 1992:428-444.
17. Byers J. Play partner preferences in Siberian Ibex, Capra ibex sibirica. Z. Tierpsychol. 53:1980;23-40.
18. Byers J.A., Walker C. Refining the motor training hypothesis for the evolution of play. Am. Nat. 146:1995;25-40.
19. Bekoff M. The social deprivation paradigm: Who's being deprived of what? Dev. Psychobiol. 9:1976;497-498.
20. Caro T.M. Adaptive significance of play: Are we getting closer? Trends Ecol. Evol. 3:1988;50-54.
21. Chen Y.-c., Pellis S.M., Sirkin D.W., Potegal M., Teitelbaum P. Bandage backfall: Labyrinthine and non-labyrinthine components. Physiol. Behav. 37:1986;805-814.
22. Compaan J.C., de Ruiter A.J.H., Koolhaas J.M., van Oortmerssen G.A., Bohus B. Differential effects of neonatal testosterone treatment on aggression in two selection lines of mice. Physiol. Behav. 51:1991;7-10.
23. Coppinger, R.P.; Smith, C.K. A model for understanding the evolution of mammalian behavior. In: Genoways, H., ed. Current Mammalogy: Vol. II. New York: Plenum Press; 1989:335-374.
24. Crowell-Davis S.L., Houpt K.A., Kane L. Play development in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) foals. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 18:1987;119-131.
25. Dittman R.M. Body positions and movement patterns in female patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Horm. Behav. 26:1992;441-456.
26. Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I. Ethology. The Biology of Behavior. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; 1970.
27. Einon D.F., Morgan M.J., Kibbler C.C. Brief periods of socialization and later behaviour in the rat. Dev. Psychobiol. 11:1978;213-225.
28. Fagen, R. Animal Play Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press; 1981.
29. Fagen, R. Primate juveniles and primate play. In: Pereira, M. E.; Fairbanks, L. A., eds. Juvenile Primates. Life History, Development and Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press; 1994:182-196.
30. Field E.F., Pellis S.M. Differential effects of amphetamine on the attack and defense components of play fighting in rats. Physiol. Behav. 56:1994;325-330.
31. Field, E.F.; Whishaw, I.Q.; Pellis, S.M. An analysis of sex differences in the movement patterns used during the food wrenching and dodging paradigm. J. Comp. Psychol., 1996, in press.
32. Fox M.W. Socio-infantile and socio-sexual signals in canids: A comparative and ontogenetic study. Z. Tierpsychol. 28:1971;185-210.
33. Frank L.G. Social organization of the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta). II. Dominance and reproduction Anim. Behav. 34:1986;1510-1527.
34. Geist, V. On weapons, combat and ecology. In: Krames, L.; Pliner, P.; Alloway, T., eds. Aggression, Dominance and Individual Spacing. New York: Plenum Press; 1978:1-30.
35. Goy R.W., Bercovitch F.G., McBrair M.C. Behavioral masculinization is independent of genital masculinization in prenatally androgenized female rhesus macaques. Horm. Behav. 22:1988;552-571.
36. Groos, K. The Play of Animals. New York: Appleton; 1898.
37. Larsson, K. Experiential factors in the development of sexual behaviour. In: Hutchinson, J. B., ed. Biological Determinants of Sexual Behaviour. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1978:55-86.
38. Laviola G., Alleva E. Sibling effects on the behavior of infant mouse litters (Mus domesticus). J. Comp. Psychol. 109:1995;68-75.
39. Le Boeuf B.J. Male-male competition and reproductive success in elephant seals. Am. Zool. 14:1977;163-176.
40. Lore R.K., Schultz L.A. Control of human aggression. A comparative perspective. Am. Psychol. 48:1993;16-25.
41. Lore R.K., Stipo-Flaherty A. Postweaning social experience and adult aggression in rats. Physiol. Behav. 33:1984;571-574.
42. Magnus, R. Korperstellung. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 1924. (A 1987 English translation of Body Posture is available from the US Department of Commerce.).
43. McKenna, M.M.; Pellis, V.C.; Prusky, G.; Pellis, S.M. Modulating effects of vision on juvenile play behavior in rats. Soc. Neurosci. Abst. 19:663.6 1993.
44. Meaney M. The sexual differentiation of social play. Trends Neurosci. 11:1988;54-58.
45. Meaney M. The sexual differentiation of social play. Psychiat. Dev. 3:1989;347-361.
46. Meaney M.J., Stewart J. A descriptive study of social development in the rat (Rattus norvegicus). Anim. Behav. 29:1981;34-45.
47. Meaney M.J., Dodge A.M., Beatty W.W. Sex dependent effects of amygdaloid lesions on the social play of prepubertal rats. Physiol. Behav. 26:1981;467-472.
48. Meaney M.J., Stewart J., Beatty W.W. Sex differences in social play: The socialization of sex roles. Adv. Study Behav. 15:1985;1-58.
49. Mischkulnig M. Babyishness and anger reduction. Zeitschrift für Exp. Ange. Psychol. 36:1989;567-578.
50. Moir, A.; Jessel, D. Brain Sex. London: Mandarin Paperback; 1991.
51. Money, J. Gay, straight, and In-between. New York: Oxford University Press; 1988.
52. Moore, C.L. Development of mammalian sexual behavior. In: Gollin, E.S., ed. The Comparative Development of Adaptive Skills: Evolutionary Implications. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Inc.; 1985:19-56.
53. Panksepp J. The ontogeny of play in rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 14:1981;327-332.
54. Panksepp J., Beatty W.W. Social deprivation and play in rats. Behav. Neural Biol. 30:1980;197-206.
55. Panksepp J., Siviy S.M., Normansell L. The psychobiology of play: Theoretical and methodological perspectives. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 8:1984;465-492.
56. Pedersen J.M., Glickman S.E., Frank L.G., Beach F.A. Sex differences in the play behavior of immature spotted hyenas, Crocuta crocuta. Horm. Behav. 24:1990;403-420.
57. Pellis S.M. A description of social play by the Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen based on Eshkol-Wachman notation. Bird Behav. 3:1981;61-79.
58. Pellis S.M. Agonistic versus amicable targets of attack and defense: Consequences for the origin, function and descriptive classification of playfighting. Aggress. Behav. 14:1988;85-104.
59. Pellis, S.M. Fighting: The problem of selecting appropriate behavior patterns. In: Blanchard, R.J.; Brain, P.F.; Blanchard, D.C.; Parmigiani, S., eds. Ethoexperimental Approaches to the Study of Behavior. Pordrecht: Kluwer; 1989:361-374.
60. Pellis S.M. Sex and the evolution of play fighting: A review and model based on the behavior of muroid rodents. Play Theory Res. 1:1993;55-75.
61. Pellis S.M., McKenna M.M. Intrinsic and extrinsic influences on play fighting in rats: Effects of dominance, partner's playfulness, temperament and neonatal exposure to testosterone propionate. Behav. Brain Res. 50:1992;135-145.
62. Pellis S.M., McKenna M.M. What do rats find rewarding in play fighting? An analysis using drug-induced non-playful partners. Behav. Brain Res. 68:1995;65-73.
63. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Locomotor-rotational movements in the ontogeny and play of the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus. Dev. Psychobiol. 16:1983;269-286.
64. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Play-fighting differs from serious fighting in both target of attack and tactics of fighting in the laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus. Aggress. Behav. 13:1987;227-242.
65. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Differential rates of attack, defense and counterattack during the developmental decrease in play fighting by male and female rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 23:1990;215-231.
66. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Attack and defense during play appear to be motivationally independent behaviors in muroid rodents. Psychol. Record. 41:1991;175-184.
67. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Role reversal changes during the ontogeny of play fighting in male rats: Attack versus defense. Aggress. Behav. 17:1991;79-189.
68. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. An analysis of the targets and tactics of conspecific attack and predatory attack in northern grasshopper mice Onychomys leucogaster. Aggress. Behav. 18:1992;301-316.
69. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C. Juvenilized play fighting in subordinate male rats. Aggress. Behav. 18:1992;449-457.
70. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., Dewsbury D.A. Different levels of complexity in the play fighting by muroid rodents appear to result from different levels of intensity of attack and defense. Aggress. Behav. 15:1989;297-310.
71. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., Kolb B. Neonatal testosterone augmentation increases juvenile play fighting but does not influence adult dominance relationships of male rats. Aggress. Behav. 18:1992;437-447.
72. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., McKenna M.M. Some subordinates are more equal than others: Play fighting amongst adult subordinate male rats. Aggress. Behav. 19:1993;385-393.
73. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., McKenna M. Evidence for a feminine dimension in the play fighting of rats Rattus norvegicus. J. Comp. Psychol. 108:1994;68-73.
74. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., Whishaw I.Q. The role of the cortex in play fighting by rats: Developmental and evolutionary implications. Brain Behav. Evol. 39:1992;270-284.
75. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., Whishaw I.Q. Visual modulation of air righting by rats involves calculation of time-to-impact but does not require the detection of the looming stimulus of the approaching ground. Behav. Brain Res. 74:1996;207-211.
76. Pellis S.M., Whishaw I.Q., Pellis V.C. Visual modulation of vestibularly-triggered air-righting in rats involves the superior colliculus. Behav. Brain Res. 46:1991;151-156.
77. Pellis S.M., Pellis V.C., Morrissey T.K., Teitelbaum P. Visual modulation of vestibular-triggered air-righting in the rat. Behav. Brain Res. 35:1989;23-26.
78. Robitaille J.A., Bovet J. Field observations on the social behavior of the Norway rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout). Biol. Behav. 1:1976;289-308.
79. Siviy S.M., Panksepp J. Sensory modulation of juvenile play in rats. Dev. Psychobiol. 20:1987;39-55.
80. Smith L.K., Field E.F., Forgie M.L., Pellis S.M. Dominance and age-related changes in the play fighting of intact and post-weaning castrated male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Aggress. Behav. 22:1996;215-226.
81. Smith P.K. Does play matter? Functional and evolutionary aspects of animal and human play. Behav. Brain Sci. 5:1982;139-155.
82. Symons, D. Play and Aggression: A Study of Rhesus Monkeys. New York: Columbia University Press; 1978.
83. Thor D.H., Holloway W.R. Jr. Play solicitation behavior in juvenile male and female rats. Anim. Learn. Behav. 11:1983;173-178.
84. Thor D.H., Holloway W.R. Jr. Sex and social play in juvenile rats (Rattus novegicus). J. Comp. Psychol. 98:1984;276-284.
85. Thor D.H., Holloway W.R. Jr. Play soliciting behavior in prepubertal and postpubertal male rats. Anim. Learn. Behav. 13:1985;327-330.
86. Thor D.H., Holloway W.R. Jr. Social play soliciting by male and female juvenile rats: Effects of neonatal androgenization and sex of cagemates. Behav. Neurosci. 100:1986;275-279.
87. vom Saal, F.S. Prenatal gonadal influences on mouse sociosexual behaviours. In: Haug, M.; Brain, P.F.; Aron, C., eds. Heterotypical Behavior in Man and Animals. London: Chapman and Hall; 1990:42-70.
88. Watson D.M., Croft D.B. Playfighting in captive red-necked wallabies, Macropus rufogriseus banksianus. Behaviour. 126:1993;219-245.
89. Whishaw I.Q. Food wrenching and dodging: Use of action patterns for the analysis of sensorimotor and social behavior in the rat. J. Neurosci. Meth. 24:1988;169-178.
90. Whishaw I.Q., Gorny B.P. Food wrenching and dodging: Eating time estimates influence dodge probability and amplitude. Aggress. Behav. 20:1994;35-48.
91. Williams, G.C. Adaptation and Natural Selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1966.
92. Ziporyn T., McClintock M.K. Passing as an indicator of social dominance among female wild and domestic rats. Behaviour. 118:1991;26-41.