New perspectives in gustatory physiology: Transduction, development, and plasticity

American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology

Volumn 272, Issue 1 41-1, 1997, Pages

  Stewart, Robert E ^a,b   DeSimone, John A ^a   Hill, David L ^b  

^a VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

chemical senses; ion channels; taste

Indexed keywords

ION CHANNEL;

ANIMAL CELL; BASOLATERAL MEMBRANE; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; MOLECULAR INTERACTION; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SECOND MESSENGER; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASTE BUD; TASTE DISCRIMINATION;

EID: 0031037224     PISSN: 03636143     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.1.c1     Document Type: Review

References (203)

1. Akabas, M. H., J. Dodd, and Q. Al-Awqati. Abitter substance induces a rise in intracellular calcium in a subpopulation of rat taste cells. Science Wash. DC 242: 1047-1050, 1988.
2. Akisaka, T., and M. Oda. Taste buds in the vallate papillae of the rat studied with freeze-fracture preparation. Arch. Histolog. Jpn. 41: 87-98, 1978.
3. Altman, J., and S. Bayer. Development of the cranial nerve ganglia and related nuclei in the rat. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol. 74: 1-90, 1982.
4. Andersen, H. T., M. Funakoshi, and Y. Zotterman. Electrophysiological responses to sugars and their depression by salt. In: Olfaction and Taste, edited by Y. Zotterman. New York: Macmillan, 1963, p. 177-192.
5. Aslin, R. N. Experimental influences and sensitive periods in perceptual development: a unified model. In: The Development of Perception: Psychobiological Perspectives, The Visual System, edited by R. N. Aslin, J. R. Alberts, and M. R. Peterson. New York: Academic, 1981, p. 45-93.
6. Avenet, P., F. Hoffman, and B. Lindemann. Transduction in taste receptor cell requires cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Nature Lond. 331: 351-354, 1988.
7. Avenet, P., and S. C. Kinnamon. Cellular basis of taste reception. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1: 198-203, 1991.
8. Avenet, P., and B. Lindemann. Amiloride-blockable sodium currents in isolated taste receptor cells. J. Membr. Biol. 105: 245-255, 1988.
9. Avenet, P., and B. Lindemann. Non-invasive recording of receptor cell action potentials and sustained currents from single taste buds maintained in the tongue: the response to mucosal NaCl and amiloride. J. Membr. Biol. 124: 33-41, 1991.
10. Bartoshuk, L. M. The psychophysics of taste. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 31: 1068-1077, 1978.
11. Beauchamp, G. K., and B. J. Cowart. Congenital and experiential factors in the development of human flavor preferences. Appetite 6: 357-372, 1985.
12. Béhé, P., J. A. DeSimone, P. Avenet, and B. Lindemann. Membrane currents in taste cells of the rat fungiform papilla: evidence for two types of Ca currents and inhibition of K currents by saccharin. J. Gen. Physiol. 96: 1061-1084, 1990.
13. Beidler, L. M. Properties of chemoreceptors of the tongue of rat. J. Neurophysiol. 16: 595-607, 1953.
14. Beidler, L. M. Atheory of taste stimulation. J. Gen. Physiol. 38: 133-139, 1954.
15. Beidler, L. M., and R. Smallman. Renewal of cells within taste buds. J. Cell Biol. 27: 263-272, 1960.
16. Beidler, L. M., and K. Tonosaki. Multiple sweet receptor sites and taste theory. In: Taste, Olfaction, and the Central Nervous System, edited by D. W. Pfaff. New York: Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1985, p. 47-64.
17. Bernhardt, S. J., M. Naim, U. Zehavi, and B. Lindemann. Signal pathways in taste transduction: the emerging complexity of the sweet response (Abstract). Proc. Symp. Eur. Chemoreceptive Res. Org. 11th Blois, France, 1994, p. 103.
18. Bernstein, I. L., and C. J. Hennessey. Amiloride-sensitive sodium channels and expression of sodium appetite in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 24): R371-R374, 1987.
19. Bigiani, A., and S. D. Roper. Reduction of electrical coupling between Necturus taste receptor cells, a possible role in acid taste. Neurosci. Lett. 176: 212-216, 1994.
20. Bigiani, A. R., and S. D. Roper. Mediation of responses to calcium in taste cells by modulation of a potassium conductance. Science Wash. DC 252: 126-128, 1991.
21. Boudreau, J. C., N-.K. Hoang, J. Oravec, and T.-L. Do. Rat neurophysiological salt responses to salt solutions. Chem. Senses 8: 131-150, 1983.
22. Boudreau, J. C., L. Sivakumar, L.-T. Do, T. D. White, J. Oravec, and N. K. Hoang. Neurophysiology of geniculate ganglion (facial nerve) taste systems: species comparisons. Chem. Senses 10: 89-127, 1985.
23. + channel blockers on mudpuppy feeding behavior. Chem. Senses 17: 597-598, 1992.
24. Bradley, R. M. Investigations of intravascular taste using perfused rat tongue. Am. J. Physiol. 225: 300-304, 1973.
25. Bradley, R. M., and C. M. Mistretta. The gustatory sense in foetal sheep during the last third of gestation. J. Physiol. Lond. 231: 271-282, 1973.
26. Brand, J. G., J. H. Teeter, T. Kumazawa, T. Huque, and D. L. Bayley. Transduction mechanisms for the taste of amino acids. Physiol. Behav. 49: 899-904, 1991.
27. Brand, J. G., J. H. Teeter, and W. L. Silver. Inhibition by amiloride of chorda tympani responses evoked by monovalent salts. Brain Res. 334: 207-214, 1985.
28. Brunjes, P. C., and L. L. Frazier. Maturation and plasticity in the olfactory system of vertebrates. Brain Res. Rev. 11: 1-45, 1986.
29. 14C-labeled sugars to bovine taste papillae. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 252: 199-206, 1971.
30. Cagan, R. H. Biochemical studies of taste sensation. XII. Specificity of binding of taste ligands to a sedimentable fraction from catfish taste tissue. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 85A: 355-358, 1986.
31. + channel is made of three homologous subunits. Nature Lond. 367: 463-467, 1994.
32. Caprio, J., J. G. Brand, J. H. Teeter, T. Valentincic, D. L. Kalinoski, J. Kohbara, T. Kumazawa, and S. Wegert. The taste system of the channel catfish: from biophysics to behavior. Trends Neurosci. 16: 192-197, 1993.
33. Chaudhari, N., C. Lamp, and S. D. Roper. Metabotropic glutamate receptor expression is modulated by free-glutamate content of diet (Abstract). Chem. Senses 20: 676, 1995.
34. Chaudhari, N., H. Yang, C. Lamp, and S. D. Roper. A metabotropic glutamate receptor is expressed in rat taste buds (Abstract). Chem. Senses 19: 452, 1994.
35. Cheal, M., and B. Oakley. Regeneration of fungiform taste buds: temporal and spatial characteristics. J. Comp. Neurol. 172: 609-626, 1977.
36. Contreras, R. J. Gustatory mechanisms of a specific appetite. In: Neural Mechanisms in Taste, edited by R. H. Cagan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1989, p. 119-145.
37. Cummings, T. A., C. Daniels, and S. C. Kinnamon. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP mimic the effect of artificial sweeteners in isolated hamster taste cells (Abstract). Chem. Senses 19: 457, 1994.
38. + channels in Necturus taste cells. Modulation by intracellular factors and taste stimuli. J. Gen. Physiol. 99: 591-613, 1992.
39. Cummings, T. A., J. Powell, and S. C. Kinnamon. Sweet taste transduction in hamster taste cells: evidence for the role of cyclic nucleotides. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 2326-2336, 1993.
40. Dastoli, F. R., and S. Price. Sweet-sensitive protein from bovine taste buds: isolation and assay. Science Wash. DC 154: 905-907, 1966.
41. Deitch, J. S., and E. W. Rubel. Afferent influences on brain stem auditory nuclei of the chicken: time course and specificity of dendritic atrophy following deafferentation. J. Comp. Neurol. 229: 66-79, 1984.
42. Denton, D. A. Salt appetite. In: Handbook of Physiology. Alimentary Canal. Control of Food and Water Intake. Washington, DC: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1967, sect. 6, vol. I, p. 433-459.
43. DeSimone, J. A., E. M. Callaham, and G. L. Heck. Chorda tympani taste response of rat to hydrochloric acid subject to voltage-clamped lingual receptive field. Am. J. Physiol. 268 (Cell Physiol. 37): C1295-C1300, 1995.
44. DeSimone, J. A., and F. Ferrell. Analysis of amiloride inhibition of chorda tympani taste response of rat to NaCl. Am. J. Physiol. 249 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 18): R52-R61, 1985.
45. DeSimone, J. A., G. L. Heck, and S. K. DeSimone. Active ion transport in dog tongue: a possible role in taste. Science Wash. DC 214: 1039-1041, 1981.
46. DeSimone, J. A., G. L. Heck, S. Mierson, and S. K. DeSimone. The active ion transport properties of canine lingual epithelia in vitro. J. Gen. Physiol. 83: 633-656, 1984.
47. Desor, J. A., O. Maller, and R. E. Turner. Taste in acceptance of solutions by human infants. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 84: 496-501, 1973.
48. Diamond, J., M. Cameron, and B. Cassells. Functional impairments that develop in NGF-sensitive neuronal projection in the PNS and CNS of aged rats are ameliorated by dietary interventions. In: Growth Factors in Alzheimer's Disease, edited by Y. Christen. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991, p. 131-148.
49. Doolin, R. E., and T. A. Gilbertson. Distribution and characterization of functional amiloride-sensitive sodium channels in rat tongue. J. Gen. Physiol. 107: 545-554, 1996.
50. Elliott, E. J., and S. A. Simon. The anion in salt taste: a possible role for paracellular pathways. Brain Res. 535: 9-17, 1990.
51. Farbman, A. I. Fine structure of the taste bud. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 12: 328-350, 1965.
52. Farbman, A. I. Electron microscope study of the developing taste bud in rat fungiform papilla. Dev. Biol. 11: 110-135, 1965.
53. Farbman, A. I., and G. Hellekant. Quantitative analysis of the fiber population in rat chorda tympani proper nerves and fungiform papillae. Am. J. Anat. 153: 509-522, 1978.
54. Farbman, A. I., and J.-P. Mbiene. Early development and innervation of taste bud-bearing papillae on the rat tongue. J. Comp. Neurol. 304: 172-186, 1991.
55. Faurion, A. Are umami taste receptor sites structurally related to glutamate CNS receptor sites? Physiol. Behav. 49: 905-912, 1991.
56. Ferrell, M. F., C. M. Mistretta, and R. M. Bradley. Development of chorda tympani taste responses in rat. J. Comp. Neurol. 198: 37-44, 1981.
57. Fitzsimons, J. T. The Physiology of Thirst and Sodium Appetite. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1979. (Physiol. Soc. Monograph No. 35)
58. Formaker, B. K., and D. L. Hill. An analysis of residual NaCl taste response after amiloride. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 24): R1002-R1007, 1988.
59. Formaker, B. K., and D. L. Hill. Lack of amiloride sensitivity in SHR and WKY glossopharyngeal taste responses to NaCl. Physiol. Behav. 50: 765-769, 1991.
60. Frank, M. E., R. J. Contreras, and T. P. Hettinger. Nerve fibers sensitive to ionic stimuli in the chorda tympani of the rat. J. Neurophysiol. 50: 941-960, 1983.
61. Friedman, M. I., and R. D. Mattes. Chemical senses and nutrition. In: Smell and Taste in Health and Disease, edited by. T. V. Getchell, R. L. Doty, L. M. Bartoshuk, and J. B. Snow, Jr. New York: Raven, 1991, p. 391-404.
62. Fujimoto, S., and R. G. Murray. Fine structure of degeneration and regeneration in denervated rabbit vallate taste buds. Anat. Rec. 168: 383-413, 1970.
63. + channels throughout the receptive and basolateral membrane of bullfrog taste cells. Pfluegers Arch. 429: 285-290, 1994.
64. Ganzevles, P. G. J., and J. H. A. Kroeze. Effects of adaptation and cross-adaptaion to common ions on sourness intensity. Physiol. Behav. 40: 641-646, 1987.
65. + channel. Physiol. Rev. 68: 309-373, 1988.
66. Gilbertson, D. M., and T. A. Gilbertson. Amiloride reduces the aversiveness of acids in preference tests. Physiol. Behav. 56: 649-654, 1994.
67. Gilbertson, T. A., P. Avenet, S. C. Kinnamon, and S. D. Roper. Proton currents through amiloride-sensitive Na channels in hamster taste cells. Role in acid transduction. J. Gen. Physiol. 100: 941-960, 1992.
68. + channels in isolated hamster taste cells: enhancement by vasopressin and cAMP. Neuron 10: 931-942, 1993.
69. Guth, L. Effects of glossopharyngeal nerve transection on the circumvallate papilla of the rat. Anat. Rec. 128: 715-730, 1957.
70. Hallbäck, D.-A., M. Jodal, and O. Lundgren. Vascular anatomy and tissue osmolality in filiform and fungiform papillae of the cat's tongue. Acta Physiol. Scand. 105: 469-480, 1979.
71. Harper, H. W. A diffusion potential model of salt taste receptors. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 510: 349-351, 1987.
72. Heck, G. L., S. Mierson, and J. A. DeSimone. Salt taste transduction occurs through an amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway. Science Wash. DC 223: 403-405, 1984.
73. Hellekant, G. Different types of sweet receptors in mammals. In: Olfaction and Taste, edited by D. A. Denten and J. T. Coghan. New York: Academic, 1975, vol. V, p. 16-21, 1975.
74. Hellekant, G. Efferent impulses in the chorda tympani nerve of the rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 83: 203-209, 1971.
75. Hellekant, G., and H. vander Wal. Taste modifiers and sweet proteins. In: Neural Mechanisms in Taste, edited by R. H. Cagan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1989, p. 85-95.
76. Herness, M. S. Effect of amiloride on bulk flow and iontophoretic taste stimuli in the hamster. J. Comp. Physiol. A Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 160A: 281-288, 1987.
77. Hettinger, T. P., and M. E. Frank. Specificity of amiloride inhibition of hamster taste responses. Brain Res. 513: 24-34, 1990.
78. Hill, D. L. Susceptibility of the developing rat gustatory system to the physiological effects of dietary sodium deprivation. J. Physiol. Lond. 393: 413-424, 1987.
79. Hill, D. L. Development of chorda tympani nerve taste responses in the hamster. J. Comp. Neurol. 268: 346-356, 1988.
80. Hill, D. L., and C. R. Almli. Ontogeny of chorda tympani nerve responses to gustatory stimuli in the rat. Brain Res. 197: 27-38, 1980.
81. Hill, D. L., and T. C. Bour. Addition of functional amiloride-sensitive components to the receptor membrane: a possible mechanism for altered taste responses during development. Dev. Brain Res. 20: 310-313, 1985.
82. Hill, D. L., B. K. Formaker, and K. S. White. Perceptual characteristics of the amiloride-suppressed sodium chloride taste response in the rat. Behav. Neurosci. 104: 734-741, 1990.
83. Hill, D. L., C. M. Mistretta, and R. M. Bradley. Developmental changes in taste response characteristics of rat single chorda tympani fibers. J. Neurosci. 2: 782-790, 1982.
84. Hill, D. L., C. M. Mistretta, and R. M. Bradley. Effects of dietary NaCl deprivation during early development on behavioral and neurophysiological taste responses. Behav. Neurosci. 100: 390-398, 1986.
85. Hill, D. L., and L. M. Phillips. Functional plasticity of regenerated and intact taste receptors in adult rats unmasked by dietary sodium restriction. J. Neurosci. 14: 2904-2910, 1994.
86. Hill, D. L., and P. R. Przekop. Influences of dietary sodium on functional taste receptor development: a sensitive period. Science Wash. DC 241: 1826-1828, 1988.
87. Holland, V. F., G. A. Zampighi, and S. A. Simon. Morphology of fungiform papillae in canine lingual epithelium: location of intercellular junctions in the epithelium. J. Comp. Neurol. 279: 13-27, 1989.
88. Hubel, D. H., and T. N. Wiesel. The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens. J. Physiol. Lond. 206: 419-436, 1970.
89. Hwang, P. M., A. Verma, D. S. Bredt, and S. H. Snyder. Localization of phosphatidylinositol signaling components in rat taste cells: role in bitter taste transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 7395-7399, 1990.
90. Jakinovich, W., and D. Sugarman. Peripheral mechanisms of mammalian sweet taste. In: Neural Mechanisms in Taste, edited by R. H. Cagan. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1989, p. 37-83.
91. Kalinoski, D. L., T. Huque, V. J. LaMorte, and J. G. Brand. Second messenger events in taste. In: Chemical Senses: Receptor Events and Transduction in Taste and Olfaction, edited by J. G. Brand, J. H. Teeter, R. H. Cagan, and M. R. Kare. New York: Dekker, 1989, vol. 1, p. 85-101.
92. Kashiwayanagi, M., M. Miyake, and K. Kurihara. Voltage-dependent Ca channel and Na channel in frog taste cells. Am. J. Physiol. 244 (Cell Physiol. 13): C82-C88, 1983.
93. Kim, M., and C. M. Mistretta. 4-Aminopyridine reduces chorda tympani taste responses to potassium and alkali salts in rat. Brain Res. 612: 96-103, 1993.
94. Kinnamon, J. C. Organization and innervation of taste buds. In: Neurobiology of Taste and Smell, edited by T. E. Finger and W. L. Silver. New York: Wiley, 1987, p. 277-297.
95. Kinnamon, S. C. Role of apical ion channels in sour taste transduction. In: The Molecular Basis of Smell and Taste Transduction. Chichester, UK: Wiley, 1993, p. 201-217. (Ciba Found. Symp. 179)
96. Kinnamon, S. C., and T. A. Cummings. Chemosensory transduction mechanisms in taste. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 54: 715-731, 1992.
97. + channels in taste cells provides the basis for sour taste transduction. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85: 7023-7027, 1988.
98. Kinnamon, S. C., and S. D. Roper. Passive and active membrane properties of mudpuppy taste receptor cells. J. Physiol. Lond. 383: 601-614, 1987.
99. + channels in sour and salt taste transduction. Chem. Senses 13: 115-121, 1988.
100. Kinnman, E., and J. Aldskogius. Collateral reinnervation of taste buds after chronic sensory denervation: a morphological study. J. Comp. Neurol. 270: 569-574, 1988.
101. Kolesnikov, S. S., and R. F. Margolskee. A cyclic-nucleotide-suppressible conductance activated by transducin in taste cells. Nature Lond. 376: 85-88, 1995.
102. Kumazawa, T., and K. Kurihara. Large synergism between monosodium glutamate and 5′-nucleotides in canine taste nerve responses. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R420-R426, 1990.
103. Kumazawa, T., and K. Kurihara. Large enhancement of canine taste responses to sugars by salts. J. Gen. Physiol. 95: 1007-1018, 1990.
104. Kurihara, K. Inhibition of cyclic 3′,5′-nucleotide phophodiesterase in bovine taste papillae by bitter taste stimuli. FEBS Lett. 27: 279-281, 1972.
105. Li, X.-J., S. Blackshaw, and S. H. Snyder. Expression and localization of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels indicate a role for non-taste cells in taste perception. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91: 1814-1818, 1994.
106. Li, X.-J., R.-H. Xu, W. B. Guggino, and S. H. Snyder. Alternatively spliced forms of the α subunit of the epithelial sodium channel: distinct sites for amiloride binding and channel pore. Mol. Pharmacol. 47: 1133-1140, 1995.
107. Lindemann, B. Sweet and salty: transduction in taste. News Physiol. Sci. 10: 166-170, 1995.
108. Lyall, V., and T. U. L. Biber. Potential-induced changes in intracellular pH. Am. J. Physiol. 266 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 35): F685-F696, 1994.
109. Maher, W. P. Arterial, venous, lymphatic pathways in dorsal mucosa of dog tongue. Microcirc. Endothelium Lymphatics 2: 161-184, 1985.
110. McBride, D. W., and S. D. Roper. Distribution of ion channels on taste cells and its relationship to chemosensory transduction. J. Membr. Biol. 109: 29-39, 1989.
111. McCutcheon, N. B. Sodium deficient rats are unmotivated by NaCl solutions mixed with amiloride - a sodium channel blocker. Behav. Neurosci. 105: 764-766, 1991.
112. McLaughlin, S. K., P. J. McKinnon, and R. F. Margolskee. Gustducin is a taste-cell-specific G protein closely related to the transducins. Nature Lond. 357: 563-569, 1992.
113. McLaughlin, S. K., P. J. McKinnon, N. Spickofsky, W. Danho, and R. F. Margolskee. Molecular cloning of G proteins and phosphodiesterases from rat taste cells. Physiol. Behav. 56: 1157-1164, 1994.
114. + currents in taste cells isolated from neonatal rats (Abstract). Chem. Senses 19: 518, 1994.
115. Mierson, S., S. K. DeSimone, G. L. Heck, and J. A. DeSimone. Sugar-activated ion transport in canine lingual epithelium. Implications for sugar taste transduction. J. Gen. Physiol. 92: 87-111, 1988.
116. Mierson, S., G. L. Heck, S. K. DeSimone, T. U. L. Biber, and J. A. DeSimone. The identity of the current carriers in canine lingual epithelium in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 816: 283-293, 1985.
117. Miller, I. J., Jr. Peripheral interactions among single papilla inputs to gustatory nerve fibers. J. Gen. Physiol. 57: 1-25, 1971.
118. Mistretta, C. M. Topographical and histological study of the developing rat tongue, palate and taste buds. In: Oral Sensation and Perception. The Mouth of the Infant, edited by J. Bosma. Springfield, IL: Thomas, 1972, vol. 3, p. 163-187.
119. Mistretta, C. M. Developmental neurobiology of the taste system. In: Smell and Taste in Health and Disease, edited by T. V. Getchell, R. L. Doty, L. M. Bartoshuk, and J. B. Snow. New York: Raven, 1991, p. 35-64.
120. Mistretta, C. M., and R. M. Bradley. Taste responses in sheep medulla: changes during development. Science Wash. DC 202: 535-537, 1978.
121. Mistretta, C. M., and R. M. Bradley. Neural basis of developing salt taste sensation: response changes in fetal, postnatal and adult sheep. J. Comp. Neurol. 215: 199-210, 1983.
122. Nagai, T., C. M. Mistretta, and R. M. Bradley. Developmental decrease in size of peripheral receptive fields of single chorda tympani nerve fibers and relation to increasing NaCl taste sensitivity. J. Neurosci. 8: 64-72, 1988.
123. Naim, M., R. Seifert, B. Nürnberg, L. Grünbaum, and G. Schultz. Some taste substances are direct activators of G-proteins. Biochem. J. 297: 451-454, 1994.
124. +-specific channels exist in canine taste receptor membranes? Brain Res. 524: 42-88, 1990.
125. Ninomiya, Y., and M. Funakoshi. Amiloride inhibition of responses of single rat chorda tympani fibers to chemical and electrical tongue stimulations. Brain Res. 451: 319-325, 1988.
126. Ninomiya, Y., and M. Funakoshi. Peripheral neural basis for behavioural discrimination between glutamate and the four basic taste substances in mice. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 92A: 371-376, 1989.
127. Ninomiya, Y., S. Kurenuma, T. Nomura, H. Uebayashi, and H. Kawamura. Taste synergism between monosodium glutamate and 5′-nucleotide in mice. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 101A: 97-102, 1992.
128. Ninomiya, Y., N. Sako, and M. Funakoshi. Strain differences in amiloride inhibition of NaCl responses in mice, Mus musculus. J. Comp. Physiol. A Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 166A: 1-5, 1989.
129. Ninomiya, Y., T. Tanimukai, S. Yoshida, and M. Funakoshi. Gustatory neural responses in preweanling mice. Physiol. Behav. 49: 913-918, 1991.
130. Oakley, B. Control mechanisms in taste bud development. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p.105-126.
131. Oakley, B. The gustatory competence of the lingual epithelium requires neonatal innervation. Dev. Brain Res. 72: 259-264, 1993.
132. Okada, Y., T. Miyamoto, and T. Sato. Activation of a cation conductance by acetic acid in taste cells isolated from the bullfrog. J. Exp. Biol. 187: 19-32, 1994.
133. + receptor mechanisms. Chem. Senses 20: 37-46, 1995.
134. Ozeki, M. Conductance change associated with receptor potentials of gustatory cells in rat. J. Gen. Physiol. 58: 688-699, 1971.
135. Palmer, L. G. Ion selectivity of the apical membrane Na channel in the toad urinary bladder. J. Membr. Biol. 67: 91-98, 1982.
136. Palmer, L. G. Ion selectivity of epithelial Na channels. J. Membr. Biol. 96: 97-106, 1987.
137. Persaud, K. C., L. Chiavacci, and P. Pelosi. Binding proteins for sweet compounds from gustatory papillae of the cow, pig and rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 967: 65-75, 1988.
138. Phillips, L. M., and D. L. Hill. Novel regulation of peripheral gustatory function by the immune system. Am. J. Physiol. 271 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 40): R857-R862, 1996.
139. Phillips, L. M., R. E. Stewart, and D. L. Hill. Cross fostering between normal and sodium-restricted rats: effects on peripheral gustatory function. Am. J. Physiol. 269 (Regulatory Integralive Comp. Physiol. 38): R603-R607, 1995.
140. Price, S. Phosphodiesterase in tongue epithelium: activation by bitter taste stimuli. Nature Lond. 241: 54-55, 1973.
141. Przekop, P., Jr., D. G. Mook, and D. L. Hill. Functional recovery of the gustatory system after sodium deprivation during development: how much sodium and where. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R786-R791, 1990.
142. Rehnberg, B. G., B. I. Mackinnon, T. P. Hettinger, and M. E. Frank. Anion modulation of taste responses in sodium-sensitive neurons of the hamster chorda tympani nerve. J. Gen. Physiol. 101: 453-465, 1993.
143. Renehan, W. E., R. W. Rhoades, and M. F. Jacquin. Structure-function relationships in rat brainstem subnucleus interpolaris. VII. Primary afferent central terminal arbors in adults subjected to infraorbital nerve section at birth. J. Comp. Neurol. 289: 493-508, 1989.
144. Reuss, L. Tight junction permeability to ions and water. In: Tight Junctions, edited by M. Cereijido. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1991, p. 49-66.
145. Reutter, K., and M. Witt. Morphology of vertebrate taste organs and their nerve supply. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p. 29-82.
146. Roper, S. D. Regenerative impulses in taste cells. Science Wash. DC 220: 1311-1312, 1983.
147. Roper, S. D. The cell biology of vertebrate taste receptors. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 12: 329-353, 1989.
148. Roper, S. D. The microphysiology of peripheral taste organs. J. Neurosci. 12: 1127-1134, 1992.
149. Roper, S. D. Synaptic interactions in taste buds. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p. 275-293.
150. Rowland, N. E., and M. J. Fregly. Sodium appetite: species and strain differences and role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Appetite 11: 143-178, 1988.
151. Ruiz-Avila, L., S. K. McLaughlin, D. Wildman, P. J. McKinnon, A. Robichon, N. Spickofsky, and R. F. Margolskee. Coupling of bitter receptor to phosphodicsterase through transducin in taste receptor cells. Nature Lond. 376: 80-85, 1995.
152. Sato, M., S. Yamashita, and H. Ogawa. Potentiation of gustatory response to monosodium glutamate in rat chorda tympani fibers by addition of 5′-nucleotides. Jpn. J. Physiol. 20: 444-464, 1970.
153. Schiffman, S. S., H. Cahn, and M. G. Lindley. Multiple receptor sites mediate sweetness: evidence from cross adaptation. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 15: 377-388, 1981.
154. Schiffman, S. S., and H. H. Englehard. Taste of dipeptides. Physiol. Behav. 17: 523-535, 1976.
155. Schiffman, S. S., A. E. Frey, M. S. Suggs, E. J. Cragoe, Jr., and R. P. Erickson. The effect of amiloride analogs on taste responses in the gerbil. Physiol. Behav. 47: 435-441, 1990.
156. + salts and sweeteners. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 6136-6140, 1983.
157. Schiffman, S. S., A. E. McElroy, and R. P. Erickson. The range of taste quality of sodium salts. Physiol. Behav. 24: 217-224, 1980.
158. Scott, T. R., and B. K. Giza. Coding channels in the taste system of the rat. Science Wash. DC 249: 1585-1587, 1990.
159. Simon, S. A., E. J. Elliot, R. P. Erickson, and V. F. Holland. Ion transport across lingual epithelium is modulated by chorda tympani nerve fibers. Brain Res. 615: 218-228, 1993.
160. Simon, S. A., and J. L. Garvin. Salt and acid studies on canine lingual epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 249 (Cell Physiol. 18): C398-C408, 1985.
161. Simon, S. A., V. F. Holland, D. J. Benos, and G. A. Zampighi. Transcellular and paracellular pathways in lingual epithelia and their influence on taste transduction. Microsc. Res. Tech. 26: 196-208, 1993.
162. Simon, S. A., P. Labarca, and R. Robb. Activation by saccharides of a cation-selective pathway in canine lingual epithelium. Am. J. Physiol. 256 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 25): R394-R402, 1989.
163. Simon, S. A., R. Robb, and J. L. Garvin. Epithelial responses of rabbit tongue and their involvement in taste transduction. Am. J. Physiol. 251 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 20): R598-R608, 1986.
164. Sloan, H. E., S. E. Hughes, and B. Oakley. Chronic impairment of axonal transport eliminates taste responses and taste buds. J. Neurosci. 3: 117-123, 1983.
165. Smith, D. V., and M. E. Frank. Sensory coding by peripheral taste fibers. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p. 295-338.
166. Smith, D. V., and D. H. McBurney. Gustatory cross-adaptation: does a single mechanism code the salty taste? J. Exp. Psychol. 80: 101-105, 1969.
167. + channels. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 53: 509-530, 1991.
168. Sorscher, E. J., M. A. Accavitti, D. Keeton, E. Steadman, R. A. Frizzell, and D. J. Benos. Antibodies against purified epithelial sodium channel protein from bovine renal papilla. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Cell Physiol. 24): C835-C843, 1988.
169. Spector, A. C., and H. J. Grill. Salt taste discrimination after bilateral section of the chorda tympani or glossopharyngeal nerves. Am. J. Physiol. 263 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 32): R169-R176, 1992.
170. Spielman, A. I., T. Huque, H. Nagai, G. Whitney, and J. G. Brand. Generation of inositol phosphates in bitter taste transduction. Physiol. Behav. 56: 1149-1155, 1994.
171. Spielman, A. I., T. Huque, G. Whitney, and J. G. Brand. The diversity of bitter taste signal transduction mechanisms. Soc. Gen. Physiol. 47: 307-324, 1992.
172. Spielman, A. I., H. Nagai, G. Sunavala, M. Dasso, H. Breer, I. Boekhoff, T. Huque, G. Whitney, and J. G. Brand. Rapid kinetics of second messenger production in bitter taste. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Cell Physiol. 39): C926-C931, 1996.
173. Steiner, J. E. Human facial expressions in response to taste and smell stimulation. Adv. Child Dev. Behav. 13: 257-295, 1979.
174. Stewart, R. E., and D. L. Hill. Functional recovery of sodium responses in sodium-deprived rats: induction by anesthetics (Abstract). Chem. Senses 15: 645, 1990.
175. Stewart, R. E., and D. L. Hill. The developing gustatory system: functional, morphological and behavioral perspectives. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p. 127-158.
176. Stewart, R. E., and D. L. Hill. Time course of saline-induced recovery of the gustatory system in sodium-restricted rats. Am. J. Physiol. 270 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 39): R704-R712, 1996.
177. Stewart, R. E., P. S. Lasiter, D. J. Benos, and D. L. Hill. Immunohistochemical correlates of peripheral gustatory sensitivity to sodium and amiloride. Acta Anat. 153: 310-319, 1995.
178. Striem, B. J., M. Naim, and B. Lindemann. Generation of cyclic AMP in taste buds of the rat circumvallate papilla in response to sucrose. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 1: 46-54, 1991.
179. Striem, B. J., U. Pace, U. Zehavi, M. Naim, and D. Lancet. Sweet tastants stimulate adenylate cyclase coupled to GTP-binding protein in rat tongue membranes. Biochem. J. 260: 121-126, 1989.
180. Teeter, J. H. Dye-coupling in catfish taste buds. In: Proceedings of the 19th Japanese Symposium on Taste and Smell, edited by S. Kimura, A. Miyoshi, and I. Shimada. Gifu, Japan: Asahi Univ. Press, 1985, p. 29-33.
181. Teeter, J. H., and J. G. Brand. Peripheral mechanisms of gustation: physiology and biochemistry. In: Neurobiology of Taste and Smell, edited by T. E. Finger and W. L. Silver. New York: Wiley, 1987, p. 299-329.
182. Teeter, J. H., J. G. Brand, and T. Kumazawa. A stimulus-activated conductance in isolated taste epithelial membranes. Biophys. J. 58: 253-259, 1990.
183. Teeter, J. H., T. Kumazawa, J. G. Brand, D. L. Kalinoski, E. Honda, and G. Smutzer. Amino acid receptor channels in taste cells. In: Sensory Transduction, edited by D. Corey and S. D. Roper. New York: Rockefeller Univ. Press, 1992, p. 291-306.
184. Teeter, J. H., T. Miyamoto, D. Restrepo, M. Zviman, and J. G. Brand. L-Arginine-regulated conductances in catfish taste cells. In: Olfaction and Taste XI, edited by K. Kurihara, N. Suzuki, and H. Ogawa. Tokyo: Springer-Verlag, 1994, p. 93-95.
185. Tonosaki, K., and M. Funakoshi. Cyclic nucleotides may mediate taste transduction. Nature Lond. 331: 354-356, 1988.
186. 3H]glutamate binding to bovine taste papillae by 5′-ribonucleotide. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 627: 313-323, 1980.
187. Travers, S. P. Orosensory processing in neural systems of the nucleus of the solitary tract. In: Mechanisms of Taste Transduction, edited by S. A. Simon and S. D. Roper. Boca Raton, FL: CRC, 1993, p. 339-394.
188. Vogt, M. B., and D. L. Hill. Enduring alterations in neurophysiological taste responses after early dietary sodium deprivation. J. Neurophysiol. 69: 832-841, 1993.
189. Von Vintschgau, M., and J. Honigschmied. Nervus glossopharyngeus und schmeckbecher. Pfluegers Arch. 14: 443-448, 1877.
190. Watkins, J. C., and H. J. Olverman. Agonists and antagonists for excitatory amino acid receptors. Trends Neurosci. 10: 265-272, 1987.
191. Wegert, S., and J. Caprio. Receptor sites for amino acids in the facial taste system of the channel catfish. J. Comp. Physiol. A Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. 168A: 201-211, 1991.
192. West, C. H. K., and R. A. Bernard. Intracellular characteristics and responses of taste bud and lingual cells of the mud puppy. J. Gen. Physiol. 72: 305-326, 1978.
193. Whitehead, M. C., M. E. Frank, T. P. Hettinger, L.-T. Hou, and H.-D. Nah. Persistence of taste buds in denervated fungiform papillae. Brain Res. 405: 192-195, 1987.
194. Whitehead, M. C., and D. L. Kachele. Development of fungiform papillae, taste buds, and their innervation in the hamster. J. Comp. Neurol. 340: 515-530, 1994.
195. Yamada, T. Chorda tympani responses to gustatory stimuli in developing rats. Jpn. J. Physiol. 30: 631-643, 1980.
196. Yamaguchi, S. Basic properties of umami and effects on humans. Physiol. Behav. 49: 833-841, 1991.
197. Yang, J., and S. D. Roper. Dye-coupling in taste buds in the mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus. J. Neurosci. 7: 3561-3565, 1987.
198. Ye, Q., G. L. Heck, and J. A. DeSimone. The anion paradox in sodium taste reception: resolution by voltage clamp studies. Science Wash. DC 254: 724-726, 1991.
199. + salts: implications for the functional organization of taste receptor cells. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 167-178, 1993.
200. + salts in the rat: implications for gustatory transduction. J. Gen. Physiol. 104: 885-907, 1994.
201. + channels in taste cell apical membranes: proof by in vivo membrane voltage perturbation. J. Neurophysiol. 70: 1713-1716, 1993.
202. Yoshii, K., Y. Kiyamoto, and K. Kurihara. Taste receptor mechanism of salts in frog and rat. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A Comp. Physiol. 85A: 501-507, 1986.
203. Zalewski, A. Neuronal and tissue specification involved in taste bud formation. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 228: 344-349, 1974.