메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 68, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 1209-1220

Glial alkalinization detected in vivo by 1H-15N heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence-transfer NMR in severely hyperammonemic rat

Author keywords

Glial alkalinization; Glutamine; NMR; Severe hyperammonemia

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; AMMONIUM ACETATE; GLUTAMINE;

EID: 0031036565     PISSN: 00223042     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68031209.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (71)
  • 1
    • 0027376769 scopus 로고
    • Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter
    • Attwell D., Barbour B., and Szatkowski M. (1993) Nonvesicular release of neurotransmitter. Neuron 11, 401-407.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 401-407
    • Attwell, D.1    Barbour, B.2    Szatkowski, M.3
  • 2
    • 0026033277 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: Evidence for the involvement of benzodiazepine receptor ligands
    • Basile A. S., Jones E. A., and Skolnick P. (1991) The pathogenesis and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy: evidence for the involvement of benzodiazepine receptor ligands. Pharmacol. Rev. 43, 27-71.
    • (1991) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.43 , pp. 27-71
    • Basile, A.S.1    Jones, E.A.2    Skolnick, P.3
  • 4
    • 1842383531 scopus 로고
    • 31P NMR study
    • (Butterworth R. F., ed), Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey
    • 31P NMR study, in Hepatic Encephalopathy (Butterworth R. F., ed), pp. 189-200. Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey.
    • (1989) Hepatic Encephalopathy , pp. 189-200
    • Behar, K.L.1    Fitzpatrick, S.M.2
  • 6
    • 0018140012 scopus 로고
    • Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro
    • Benjamin A. M., Okamoto K., and Quastel J. H. (1978) Effects of ammonium ions on spontaneous action potentials and on contents of sodium, potassium, ammonium and chloride ions in brain in vitro. J. Neurochem. 30, 131-143.
    • (1978) J. Neurochem. , vol.30 , pp. 131-143
    • Benjamin, A.M.1    Okamoto, K.2    Quastel, J.H.3
  • 7
    • 0001347959 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the protolysis and ionization of N-methylacetamide
    • Berger A., Loewenstein A., and Meiboom S. (1959) Nuclear magnetic resonance study of the protolysis and ionization of N-methylacetamide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 81, 62-67.
    • (1959) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.81 , pp. 62-67
    • Berger, A.1    Loewenstein, A.2    Meiboom, S.3
  • 9
    • 0348041295 scopus 로고
    • Solvent resonance suppression using a sequence of strong pulses
    • Bleich H. and Wilde J. (1984) Solvent resonance suppression using a sequence of strong pulses. J. Magn. Reson. 56, 154-155.
    • (1984) J. Magn. Reson. , vol.56 , pp. 154-155
    • Bleich, H.1    Wilde, J.2
  • 11
    • 0026635731 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid release from cerebral cortex in experimental acute liver failure, studied by in vivo cerebral cortex microdialysis
    • Bosman D. K., Deutz N. E. P., Maas M. A. W., van Eijk H. M. H., Smit J. J. H., de Haan J. G., and Chamuleau R. A. F. M. (1992) Amino acid release from cerebral cortex in experimental acute liver failure, studied by in vivo cerebral cortex microdialysis. J. Neurochem. 59, 591-599.
    • (1992) J. Neurochem. , vol.59 , pp. 591-599
    • Bosman, D.K.1    Deutz, N.E.P.2    Maas, M.A.W.3    Van Eijk, H.M.H.4    Smit, J.J.H.5    De Haan, J.G.6    Chamuleau, R.A.F.M.7
  • 12
    • 0027650927 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH regulation in single cultured astrocytes from rat forebrain
    • Boyarsky G., Ransom B., Schlue W. R., Davis M. B. E., and Boron W. F. (1993) Intracellular pH regulation in single cultured astrocytes from rat forebrain. Glia 8, 241-248.
    • (1993) Glia , vol.8 , pp. 241-248
    • Boyarsky, G.1    Ransom, B.2    Schlue, W.R.3    Davis, M.B.E.4    Boron, W.F.5
  • 13
    • 0346547808 scopus 로고
    • The strength of acetamide as an acid
    • Branch G. E. K. and Clayton J. O. (1928) The strength of acetamide as an acid. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 50, 1680-1686.
    • (1928) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.50 , pp. 1680-1686
    • Branch, G.E.K.1    Clayton, J.O.2
  • 15
    • 0001888260 scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopa thy: The ammonia hypothesis revisited
    • (Bengtsson F., Jeppsson B., Almdal T., and Vilstrup H., eds), CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida
    • Butterworth R. F. (1991) Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopa thy: the ammonia hypothesis revisited, in Progress in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Metabolic Nitrogen Exchange (Bengtsson F., Jeppsson B., Almdal T., and Vilstrup H., eds), pp. 9-26. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
    • (1991) Progress in Hepatic Encephalopathy and Metabolic Nitrogen Exchange , pp. 9-26
    • Butterworth, R.F.1
  • 16
    • 0023684535 scopus 로고
    • Regional differences in the capacity for ammonia removal by brain following portocaval anastomosis
    • Butterworth R. F., Girard G., and Giguère J.-F. (1988) Regional differences in the capacity for ammonia removal by brain following portocaval anastomosis. J. Neurochem. 51, 486-490.
    • (1988) J. Neurochem. , vol.51 , pp. 486-490
    • Butterworth, R.F.1    Girard, G.2    Giguère, J.-F.3
  • 17
    • 0025320647 scopus 로고
    • The regulation and modulation of pH in the nervous system
    • Chesler M. (1990) The regulation and modulation of pH in the nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 34, 401-427.
    • (1990) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.34 , pp. 401-427
    • Chesler, M.1
  • 18
    • 0023621634 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH of astrocytes increases rapidly with cortical stimulation
    • Chesler M. and Kraig R. P. (1987) Intracellular pH of astrocytes increases rapidly with cortical stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. 253, R666-R670.
    • (1987) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.253
    • Chesler, M.1    Kraig, R.P.2
  • 19
    • 0024379676 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH transients of mammalian astrocytes
    • Chesler M. and Kraig R. P. (1989) Intracellular pH transients of mammalian astrocytes. J. Neurosci. 9, 2011-2019.
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 2011-2019
    • Chesler, M.1    Kraig, R.P.2
  • 20
    • 0023277382 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia
    • Cooper A. J. L. and Plum F. (1987) Biochemistry and physiology of brain ammonia. Physiol. Rev. 67, 440-519.
    • (1987) Physiol. Rev. , vol.67 , pp. 440-519
    • Cooper, A.J.L.1    Plum, F.2
  • 21
    • 0029865294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • pH regulation and proton signalling by glial cells
    • Deitmer J. W. and Rose C. R. (1996) pH regulation and proton signalling by glial cells. Prog. Neurobiol. 48, 73-103.
    • (1996) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.48 , pp. 73-103
    • Deitmer, J.W.1    Rose, C.R.2
  • 23
    • 0001957353 scopus 로고
    • Proton transfer, acid-base catalysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis
    • Eigen M. (1964) Proton transfer, acid-base catalysis, and enzymatic hydrolysis. Angew. Chem. (Int. Ed. Engl.) 3, 1-72.
    • (1964) Angew. Chem. (Int. Ed. Engl.) , vol.3 , pp. 1-72
    • Eigen, M.1
  • 24
    • 0025196959 scopus 로고
    • Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain
    • Erecińska M. and Silver I. A. (1990) Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 35, 245-296.
    • (1990) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.35 , pp. 245-296
    • Erecińska, M.1    Silver, I.A.2
  • 25
    • 0025194934 scopus 로고
    • An N-15 NMR study of cerebral, hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism in hyperammonemic rats
    • Farrow N. A., Kanamori K., Ross B. D., and Parivar F. (1990) An N-15 NMR study of cerebral, hepatic and renal nitrogen metabolism in hyperammonemic rats. Biochem. J. 270, 473-481.
    • (1990) Biochem. J. , vol.270 , pp. 473-481
    • Farrow, N.A.1    Kanamori, K.2    Ross, B.D.3    Parivar, F.4
  • 26
    • 0344804628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The measurement of pH in vivo in whole body systems
    • (Grant D. M. and Harris R. K., eds), John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., New York
    • Farrow N., Ross B. D., and Richards J. H. (1996) The measurement of pH in vivo in whole body systems, in Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 6 (Grant D. M. and Harris R. K., eds), pp. 3562-3565. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., New York.
    • (1996) Encyclopedia of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance , vol.6 , pp. 3562-3565
    • Farrow, N.1    Ross, B.D.2    Richards, J.H.3
  • 29
    • 1842398250 scopus 로고
    • In vivo NMR spectroscopy studies of cerebral metabolism in rats after portal-caval shunting
    • (Butterworth R. F., ed), Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey
    • Fitzpatrick S. M., Behar K. L., and Shulman R. G. (1989b) In vivo NMR spectroscopy studies of cerebral metabolism in rats after portal-caval shunting, in Hepatic Encephalopathy (Butterworth R. F., ed), pp. 177-187. Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey.
    • (1989) Hepatic Encephalopathy , pp. 177-187
    • Fitzpatrick, S.M.1    Behar, K.L.2    Shulman, R.G.3
  • 30
    • 0021315349 scopus 로고
    • 2 and extracellular activities of potassium and hydrogen ions in the cat brain during intraarterial infusion of ammonium acetate
    • 2 and extracellular activities of potassium and hydrogen ions in the cat brain during intraarterial infusion of ammonium acetate. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 169, 291-296.
    • (1984) Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. , vol.169 , pp. 291-296
    • Gronczewski, J.1    Leniger-Follert, E.2
  • 31
    • 0015787774 scopus 로고
    • The acute action of ammonia on rat brain metabolism in vivo
    • Hawkins R. A., Miller A. L., Nielsen R. C., and Veech R. L. (1973) The acute action of ammonia on rat brain metabolism in vivo. Biochem. J. 134, 1001-1008.
    • (1973) Biochem. J. , vol.134 , pp. 1001-1008
    • Hawkins, R.A.1    Miller, A.L.2    Nielsen, R.C.3    Veech, R.L.4
  • 32
    • 0016379016 scopus 로고
    • The effect of portacaval anastomosis upon the energy state and upon acid-base parameters of the rat brain
    • Holmin T. and Siesjö B. K. (1974) The effect of portacaval anastomosis upon the energy state and upon acid-base parameters of the rat brain. J. Neurochem. 22, 403-412.
    • (1974) J. Neurochem. , vol.22 , pp. 403-412
    • Holmin, T.1    Siesjö, B.K.2
  • 33
    • 0345318036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo nitrogen MRS studies of rat brain metabolism
    • (Bachelard H., ed). Plenum Publishing, New York (in press)
    • Kanamori K. and Ross B. D. (1997) In vivo nitrogen MRS studies of rat brain metabolism, in Advances in Neurochemistry (Bachelard H., ed). Plenum Publishing, New York (in press).
    • (1997) Advances in Neurochemistry
    • Kanamori, K.1    Ross, B.D.2
  • 35
    • 0027351016 scopus 로고
    • 15N NMR study of in vivo cerebral glutamine synthesis in hyperammonemic rats
    • 15N NMR study of in vivo cerebral glutamine synthesis in hyperammonemic rats. NMR Biomed. 6, 21-26.
    • (1993) NMR Biomed. , vol.6 , pp. 21-26
    • Kanamori, K.1    Parivar, F.2    Ross, B.D.3
  • 36
  • 37
    • 0028880956 scopus 로고
    • 15N heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence-transfer NMR
    • 15N heteronuclear multiple-quantum coherence-transfer NMR. Biochem. J. 311, 681-688.
    • (1995) Biochem. J. , vol.311 , pp. 681-688
    • Kanamori, K.1    Ross, B.D.2    Kuo, E.L.3
  • 38
    • 0029788778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severity of hyperammonemic encephalopathy correlates with brain ammonia level and saturation of glutamine synthetase in vivo
    • Kanamori K., Ross B. D., Chung J. C., and Kuo E. L. (1996) Severity of hyperammonemic encephalopathy correlates with brain ammonia level and saturation of glutamine synthetase in vivo. J. Neurochem. 67, 1584-1594.
    • (1996) J. Neurochem. , vol.67 , pp. 1584-1594
    • Kanamori, K.1    Ross, B.D.2    Chung, J.C.3    Kuo, E.L.4
  • 39
    • 0028129578 scopus 로고
    • Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the brain
    • Kauppinen R. A. and Williams S. R. (1994) Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of the brain. Prog. Neurobiol. 44, 87-118.
    • (1994) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.44 , pp. 87-118
    • Kauppinen, R.A.1    Williams, S.R.2
  • 40
    • 0010270304 scopus 로고
    • Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in amide N-H groups
    • Klotz I. M. and Frank B. H. (1965) Deuterium-hydrogen exchange in amide N-H groups. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 87, 2721-2728.
    • (1965) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.87 , pp. 2721-2728
    • Klotz, I.M.1    Frank, B.H.2
  • 41
    • 0000603428 scopus 로고
    • Ammonia
    • (Bergmeyer H. U. and Gewehn K., eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Kun E. and Keamey E. B. (1974) Ammonia, in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer H. U. and Gewehn K., eds), pp. 1802-1806. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1974) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis , pp. 1802-1806
    • Kun, E.1    Keamey, E.B.2
  • 42
    • 0001416199 scopus 로고
    • L-Glutamine: Determination with glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase
    • (Bergmeyer H. U. and Gewehn K., eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Lund P. (1974) L-Glutamine: determination with glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase, in Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer H. U. and Gewehn K., eds), pp. 1719-1722. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1974) Methods of Enzymatic Analysis , pp. 1719-1722
    • Lund, P.1
  • 43
    • 0028020080 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic abnormalities and grade of encephalopathy in acute hepatic failure
    • Mans A. M., DeJoseph M. R., and Hawkins R. A. (1994) Metabolic abnormalities and grade of encephalopathy in acute hepatic failure. J. Neurochem. 63, 1829-1838.
    • (1994) J. Neurochem. , vol.63 , pp. 1829-1838
    • Mans, A.M.1    Dejoseph, M.R.2    Hawkins, R.A.3
  • 44
    • 77956944529 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase of mammals
    • (Boyer P.D., ed), Academic Press, New York
    • Meister A. (1974) Glutamine synthetase of mammals, in The Enzymes, Vol. 10 (Boyer P.D., ed), pp. 699-754. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1974) The Enzymes , vol.10 , pp. 699-754
    • Meister, A.1
  • 45
    • 0022272445 scopus 로고
    • Glutamine synthetase from mammalian tissues
    • (Colowick S. P. and Kaplan N. O., eds), Academic Press, New York
    • Meister A. (1985) Glutamine synthetase from mammalian tissues, in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 113 (Colowick S. P. and Kaplan N. O., eds), pp. 185-199. Academic Press, New York.
    • (1985) Methods in Enzymology , vol.113 , pp. 185-199
    • Meister, A.1
  • 46
    • 33947090634 scopus 로고
    • Substituent effects on amide hydrogen exchange rates in aqueous solution
    • Molday R. S. and Kallen R. G. (1971) Substituent effects on amide hydrogen exchange rates in aqueous solution. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 6739-6745.
    • (1971) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.94 , pp. 6739-6745
    • Molday, R.S.1    Kallen, R.G.2
  • 47
    • 0029928379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and glial handling of glutamate and glutamine during hypoosmotic stress: A biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model
    • Nagelhus E. A., Lehmann A., and Ottersen O. P. (1996) Neuronal and glial handling of glutamate and glutamine during hypoosmotic stress: a biochemical and quantitative immunocytochemical analysis using the rat cerebellum as a model. Neuroscience 72, 743-755.
    • (1996) Neuroscience , vol.72 , pp. 743-755
    • Nagelhus, E.A.1    Lehmann, A.2    Ottersen, O.P.3
  • 48
    • 0003021852 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic encephalopathy
    • (Kettenmann H. and Ransom B. R., eds), Oxford University Press, New York
    • Norenberg M. D. (1995) Hepatic encephalopathy, in Neuroglia (Kettenmann H. and Ransom B. R., eds), pp. 950-963. Oxford University Press, New York.
    • (1995) Neuroglia , pp. 950-963
    • Norenberg, M.D.1
  • 49
    • 0018382256 scopus 로고
    • Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain
    • Norenberg M. D. and Martinez-Hernandez A. (1979) Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain. Brain Res. 161, 303-310.
    • (1979) Brain Res. , vol.161 , pp. 303-310
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Martinez-Hernandez, A.2
  • 50
    • 0026544324 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: Morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum
    • Ottersen O. P., Zhang N., and Walberg F. (1992) Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience 46, 519-534.
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.46 , pp. 519-534
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Zhang, N.2    Walberg, F.3
  • 51
    • 0028149073 scopus 로고
    • Depolarization-induced alkalinization (DIA) in rat hippocampal astrocytes
    • Pappas C. A. and Ransom B. R. (1994) Depolarization-induced alkalinization (DIA) in rat hippocampal astrocytes. J. Neurophysiol. 72, 2816-2826.
    • (1994) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.72 , pp. 2816-2826
    • Pappas, C.A.1    Ransom, B.R.2
  • 52
    • 0019861178 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of extra- and intracellular pH in the brain in severe hypoglycemia
    • Pelligrino D. and Siesjö B. K. (1981) Regulation of extra- and intracellular pH in the brain in severe hypoglycemia. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 1, 85-96.
    • (1981) J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. , vol.1 , pp. 85-96
    • Pelligrino, D.1    Siesjö, B.K.2
  • 53
    • 0000540212 scopus 로고
    • Proton exchange in amides: Surprises from simple systems
    • Perrin C. L. (1989) Proton exchange in amides: surprises from simple systems. Acc. Chem. Res. 22, 268-275.
    • (1989) Acc. Chem. Res. , vol.22 , pp. 268-275
    • Perrin, C.L.1
  • 54
  • 56
    • 0000856184 scopus 로고
    • The toxic effects of carbon dioxide and acetazolamide in hepatic encephalopathy
    • Posner J. B. and Plum F. (1960) The toxic effects of carbon dioxide and acetazolamide in hepatic encephalopathy. J. Clin. Invest. 39, 1246-1258.
    • (1960) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.39 , pp. 1246-1258
    • Posner, J.B.1    Plum, F.2
  • 57
    • 0029096856 scopus 로고
    • Selective alterations of extracellular brain amino acids in relation to function in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: Results of an in vivo microdialysis study
    • Rao V. L. R., Audet R. M., and Butterworth R. F. (1995) Selective alterations of extracellular brain amino acids in relation to function in experimental portal-systemic encephalopathy: results of an in vivo microdialysis study. J. Neurochem. 65, 1221-1228.
    • (1995) J. Neurochem. , vol.65 , pp. 1221-1228
    • Rao, V.L.R.1    Audet, R.M.2    Butterworth, R.F.3
  • 60
    • 0022308254 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base homeostasis in the brain; physiology, chemistry and neurochemical pathology
    • Siesjö B. K. (1985) Acid-base homeostasis in the brain; physiology, chemistry and neurochemical pathology. Prog. Brain Res. 63, 121-154.
    • (1985) Prog. Brain Res. , vol.63 , pp. 121-154
    • Siesjö, B.K.1
  • 62
    • 0022401139 scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial calcium and cellular electrolytes in brain cortex frozen in situ: Electron probe analysis
    • Somlyo A. P., Urbanics R., Vadasz G., Kovach A. G. B., and Somlyo A. V. (1985) Mitochondrial calcium and cellular electrolytes in brain cortex frozen in situ: electron probe analysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132, 1071-1078.
    • (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.132 , pp. 1071-1078
    • Somlyo, A.P.1    Urbanics, R.2    Vadasz, G.3    Kovach, A.G.B.4    Somlyo, A.V.5
  • 63
    • 0343386861 scopus 로고
    • Hyperammonemia causes increased extracellular potassium activity dependent on glutamine synthesis
    • Sugimoto H., Koehler R. C., Wilson D. A., Brusilow S. W., and Traystman R. J. (1994) Hyperammonemia causes increased extracellular potassium activity dependent on glutamine synthesis. FASEB J. 8, A30.
    • (1994) FASEB J. , vol.8
    • Sugimoto, H.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Wilson, D.A.3    Brusilow, S.W.4    Traystman, R.J.5
  • 65
    • 0026321620 scopus 로고
    • Intracellular pH rises and astrocytes swell after portacaval anastomosis in rats
    • Swain M. S., Blei A. T., Butterworth R. F., and Kraig R. P. (1991) Intracellular pH rises and astrocytes swell after portacaval anastomosis in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 261, R1491-R1496.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261
    • Swain, M.S.1    Blei, A.T.2    Butterworth, R.F.3    Kraig, R.P.4
  • 66
    • 0026583030 scopus 로고
    • Effect of ammonium ions on synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system
    • Szerb J. C. and Butterworth R. F. (1992) Effect of ammonium ions on synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system. Prog. Neurobiol. 39, 135-153.
    • (1992) Prog. Neurobiol. , vol.39 , pp. 135-153
    • Szerb, J.C.1    Butterworth, R.F.2
  • 67
    • 0026004760 scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats
    • Takahashi H., Koehler R. C., Brusilow S. W., and Traystman R. J. (1991) Inhibition of brain glutamine accumulation prevents cerebral edema in hyperammonemic rats. Am. J. Physiol. 261, H825-H829.
    • (1991) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.261
    • Takahashi, H.1    Koehler, R.C.2    Brusilow, S.W.3    Traystman, R.J.4
  • 69
    • 0021490096 scopus 로고
    • Experimental displacement of intracellular pH and the mechanism of its subsequent recovery
    • Thomas R. C. (1984) Experimental displacement of intracellular pH and the mechanism of its subsequent recovery. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 354, 3P-22P.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. (Lond.) , vol.354
    • Thomas, R.C.1
  • 70
    • 0021045693 scopus 로고
    • Acute hyperammonemia in the young primate: Physiologic and neuropathologic correlates
    • Voorhies T. M., Ehrlich M. E., Duffy T. E., Petito C. K., and Plum F. (1983) Acute hyperammonemia in the young primate: physiologic and neuropathologic correlates. Pediatr. Res. 17, 970-975.
    • (1983) Pediatr. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 970-975
    • Voorhies, T.M.1    Ehrlich, M.E.2    Duffy, T.E.3    Petito, C.K.4    Plum, F.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.