Monitoring vocs in air using sorbent tubes followed by thermal desorption-capillary gc analysis: Summary of data and practical guidelines

Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 20-36

  Woolfenden, Elizabeth ^a  

^a PERKINELMER INC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SORBENT; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

AIR MONITORING; AIR POLLUTION; AIR SAMPLING; AMBIENT AIR; ARTICLE; CAPILLARY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; DESORPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; THERMAL EXPOSURE; TUBE;

EID: 0031033786     PISSN: 10962247     EISSN: 21622906     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10473289.1997.10464411     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. 14 hydrocarbons involved in photochemical smog formation,” J HRC 1992, 15, 75-84.
2. Bianchi, A.P.; Varney, M.S. “Sampling and analysis of VOCs in estuarine air by GC-MS,” J. of Chrom. 1993, 643, 11-23.
3. Dommrose, A.M.; Figge, K. “Analysis of organic trace compounds in the atmosphere and the correlation between meteorological situation and the concentration of reference substances,” Fresenius A Anal Chem 1988, 332, 606-611.
4. Proctor, C.J.; Warren, N.D.; Bevan, M.A.J. “Measurements of environmental tobacco smoke in an air-conditioned office,” Env. Technol. Lett. 1989, 10, 1003-1018.
5. Wolkoff, P.; Wilkins, C.K.; Clausen, P.A.; Larsen, K. “Comparison of VOCs from processed paper and toners from office copiers and printers: Methods, emission rates and modeled concentrations,” Indoor Air 1993, 3, 113-123.
6. Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Frattoni, M., Cecinato, A.; Brachetti, A. “Ubiquitous occurence of semi-volatile carbonyl compounds in tropospheric samples and their possible sources,” Atmos. Environ. 1993, 27A, 12, 1891-1901.
7. Compendium Method TO-14. “The Determination of VOCs in Ambient Air Using Summa‚ Passivated Canister Sampling and GC Analysis”; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1988
8. Jensen, T.E.; Siegl, W.O.; Richert, J.F.O.; Lipari, F.; Loo, J.F.; Prostak, A.; Sigsby, J.E. “Advanced Emission Speciation Methodologies for the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program-1 Hydrocarbons and Ethers," Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program (SP-920); Society for Advanced Engineering (SAE): Warrendale, PA, 1992; paper 930142.
9. Enhanced Ozone Monitoring Network Design and Siting Criteria Guidance Document, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards: Research Triangle Park, NC, 1991; EPA-450/4-91-033.
10. Ciccioli, P.; Cecinato, A. “Advanced methods for the evolution of atmospheric pollutants relevant to photochemical smog and dry acid deposition", Chapter 11 in Gaseous Pollutants: Characterization and Cycling; John Wiley and Sons: New York, NY, 1992.
11. Janson, R.; Kristensson, J. Sampling and analysis of atmospheric monoter-penes, Dept. of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Report CM-79, 1991.
12. Coutant, R.W.; McClenny, W.A. “Competitive adsorption effects and the stability of VOC and PVOC in canisters," Proceedings of 1991 USEPA/A&WMA International Symposium: Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Vol 1; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1991; pp. 382-388.
13. Gelencser, A.; Kiss, Gy.; Hlavay, J.; Hafkenscheid, Th. L.; Peters, R.J.B.; de Leer, E.W.B. “The evaluation of a Tenax GR diffusive sampler for the determination of benzene and other volatile aromatices in outdoor air", Talanta 1994, 41(7), pp. 1095-1100.
14. Brown, R.H. “The use of diffusive samplers for monitoring ambient air," Pure and Appl. Chem. 1993, 65(8), 1859-1874.
15. Leighton, P. “How many times?" Diffusive Monitor 1988 (May), Vol. 1.
16. UK Health and Safety Executive. Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances (MDHS). MDHS 72. Volatile organic compounds in air. Laboratory method using pumped solid sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography; Her Magesty's Stationary Office: London, UK, 1992.
17. UK Health and Safety Executive. MDHS 2. Acrylonitrile in air. Laboratory method using porous polymer adsorption tubes, and thermal desorption with gas chromatographic analysis; Her Maestry's Stationary Office: London, UK, 1981.
18. UK Health and Safety Executive. MDHS 22. Benzene in air. Laboratory method using porous polymer adsorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography; Her Majesty's Stationary Office: London, UK, 1983.
19. UK Health and Safety Executive. MDHS 23. Glycol ether and glycol acetate vapors in air. Laboratory method using Tenax%o sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography; Her Majesty's Stationary Office: London, UK, 1988 (revised).
20. UK Health and Safety Executive. MDHS 40. Toluene in air. Laboratory method using pumped porous polymer adsorbent tubes, thermal desorption and gas chromatography; Her Majesty's Stationary Office: London, UK, 1984.
21. 10) in air. Laboratory method using pumped porous polymer and carbon sorbent tubes, thermal desorption and GC; Her Majesty's Stationary Office, London, UK, 1987.
22. Price, J.A.; Saunders, K.J. “Determination of airborne methyl tert-butyl ether in gasoline atmospheres," Analyst 1994 (July), 109, 829-834.
23. Coker, D.T.; van den Hoed, N.; Saunders, K.J.; Tindle, P.E. “A monitoring method for gasoline vapour giving detailed composition," Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1989, 33(11), 15-26.
24. DFG. “Analytische Methoden zur prufing gesundheitsschadlicher Arbeistsstoffe," Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Verlag Chemie: Weinheim, FRG, 1985.
25. Nederlands Normailsatie-Institut. Methods in NVN Series; NNI (Luchtkwaliteit; Werkplekatmasfeer), Delft, the Netherlands, 1986-1988.
26. Standards Association of Australia. “Organic vapours-Sampling by solid adsorption techniques," Australian Standard 1987, 2976.
27. 6) in ambient air from remote areas," Fresenius Z Anal. Chem. 1988, 331, 14-19.
28. Bianchi, A.P.; Varney, M.S.; Phillips, J. “Modified analytical technique for the determination of trace organics in water using dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry," J. of Chrom. 1989, 467, 111-128.
29. Bianchi, A.P.; Varney, M.S.; Phillips, J. “Analysis of volatile organic compounds in estuarine sediments using dynamic headspace and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry," J. of Chrom. 1991, 542, 413-450.
30. Brown, R.H.; Purnell, C.J. “Collection and analysis of trace organic vapour pollutants in ambient atmospheres. The performance of a Tenax-GC adsorbent tube," J. of Chrom. 1979, 178, 79-90.
31. Ciccioli, P.; Brancaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; DiPalo, C.; Brachetti, A.; Liberti, A.; “GC evaluation of the organic components present in the atmosphere at trace levels with the aid of Carbopack B for preconcentration of the sample," J. of Chrom. 1986, 351, 433-449.
32. Figge, K.; Rabel, W.; Weick, A. “Adsorbents for the enrichment of organic atmospheric trace compounds. Experimental determination of specific retention and breakthrough volumes," Fresenius Z Anal. Chem. 1987, 327, 261-278.
33. Ciccioli, P.; Bracaleoni, E.; Cecinato, A.; Sparapini, R.; Frattoni, M. “Identification and determination of biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs in forest areas of Northern and Southern Europe and a remote site of the Himalaya region by high-resolution GC-MS," J. of Chrom. 1993, 643, 55-69.
34. Hafkenscheid, T.; Peters, R.; TNO, the Netherlands, personal communication, 1993.
35. Vandendriessche, S.; Griepink, B. The certification of benzene, toluene and m-xylene sorbed on Tenax TA in tubes: CRM-112. Commission of European Communities, Bureau Communit de Reference, EUR12308 EN, 1989.
36. Lindquist, F.; Balkeren, H. “Stability of chlorinated hydrocarbons on Tenax," Report No. R90/268; Commission of European Communities commissioned report from TNO, the Netherlands, 1990.
37. Broadway, G.M. “An automated system for use without liquid cryogen for the determination of VOC's in ambient air," Proc. 14th Intl. Symposium on Capil. Chrom.; International Symposium of Capillary Chromatography and Electropharesis: Fredrick, MD, 1992.
38. Gibitch, J.; Ogle, L.; Radenheimer, P. “Analysis of ozone precursor compounds in Houston, Texas using automated continuous GCs," Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association Conference: Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants; A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1994.
39. Broadway, G.M.; Trewern, T. “Design considerations for the optimization of a packed thermal desorption cold trap for capillary gas chromatography," Proc. 13th Int'l Symposium on Capil. Chrom; International Symposium of Capillary Chromatrography and Electropharesis: Fredrick, MD, 1991; pp. 310-320.
40. Tipler, A. “Water management in capillary gas chromatographic air monitoring systems," Proceedings of the Air & Waste Management Association Conference: Measurement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, A&WMA: Pittsburgh, PA, 1994.
41. European Commission CEN standard. EN 482. General requirements for the performance of procedures for workplace measurements; CEN: Brussels, 1994.
42. Method 8260A. “VOCs by GC-MS: Capillary Column Technique"; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1994.
43. U.S. Contract Laboratory Program. Statement of work for organic analysis. Multi-media, Multi-concentration OLMO 2.0; Washington, D.C., 1994.
44. 14 VOCs in some urban, suburban and forest sites in Italy," Fresenus Envir. Bull. 1992, 1, 73-78.
45. Kling, H.; Kristensson, J. “A survey of 'sick offices' at a military air force base," Proceedings of Indoor Air '93; Helsinki, Finland, 1993, ISDN 9512215659.
46. Bevan, M.A.J.; Proctor, C.J.; Baker-Rogers, J.; Warren, N.D. “Exposure to CO, respirable suspended particulates and VOCs while commuting by bicycle," Env. Sci. Technol. 1991, 25, 788-791.
47. Castello, G.; D'Amato, G. Chromatographia 1987, 23, 839-843.
48. Chan, C.C.; Lin, S.-H.; Her, G.-R. “Students exposure to volatile or ganic compounds while commuting by motorcycle and bus in Taipei City," J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 1993, 43, 1231-1238.
49. Tsani-Bazaca, E. “Air pollution in the lower Athens atmosphere," Indoor and Ambient Air Quality (Prof. Perry, Ed.); Selper: Imperial College, London, UK, 1988.
50. Proctor, C.J.; Warren, N.D.; Bevan, M.A.J. “Measurements of environmental tobacco smoke in an air-conditioned office building," Environ. Technol. Lett. 1989, 10, 1003-1018.
51. Proctor, C.J.; Warren, N.D.; Bevan, M.A.J.; Baker-Rogers, J. “A comparison of methods of assessing exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in non-smoking British women," Environment International 1991, 17, 287-297.
52. Wallace, L.A. The total exposure assessment methodology (TEAM) study. Project summary. U.S. EPA, 600156-87, 1987. Available from U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C.
53. Scrimshaw, M. Appendix A1: Levels of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in air. Ph.D. Thesis, Imperial College, London, UK, 1992.