Use of xylazine, butorphanol, tiletamine-zolazepam, and isoflurane for induction and maintenance of anesthesia in ratites

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

Volumn 210, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 244-248

  Lin, Hui Chu ^a   Todhunter, Patrick G ^a,b   Powe, Thomas A ^a   Ruffin, Debra C ^a  

^a AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Canberra Veterinary Clinic   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUTORPHANOL; ISOFLURANE; TILETAMINE; XYLAZINE; ZOLAZEPAM;

ANESTHESIA; ANESTHESIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES; ARTICLE; BIRD; HEMODYNAMICS; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; NONHUMAN; SEDATION;

ADJUVANTS, ANESTHESIA; ANALGESICS, OPIOID; ANESTHESIA; ANESTHETICS, COMBINED; ANESTHETICS, DISSOCIATIVE; ANESTHETICS, INHALATION; ANIMALS; ANIMALS, DOMESTIC; BIRDS; BUTORPHANOL; DIAZEPAM; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES; ISOFLURANE; MIDAZOLAM; TILETAMINE; XYLAZINE; ZOLAZEPAM;

EID: 0031031428     PISSN: 00031488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Jensen JM, Johnson JH, Weiner ST. Anesthesia. In: Husbandry and medical management of ostriches, emus, and rheas. College Station, Tex: Wildlife and Exotic Animal Teleconsultants, 1992;111-115.
2. Blackshaw GD. Immobilization of an adult ostrich for surgery. J Zoo Anim Med 1971;2:11-12.
3. 2 of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the emu. Respir Physiol 1976;28: 315-324.
4. Gandini GCM, Keffen RH, Burroughs REJ, et al. An anaesthetic combination of ketamine, xylazine and alphaxalone-alphadolone in ostriches (Smuhio camelus). Vet Rec 1986;118:729-730.
5. Stoskopf MJ, Beall FB, Ensley PK, et al. Immobilization of large rallies: blue necked ostrich (Struthio camelus austrealis) and double wattled cassowary (Casuarius casuarius) - with hematologic and serum chemistry data. J Zoo Anim Med 1982;13:160-168.
6. Grubb B. Use of ketamine to restrain and anesthetize emus. VM SAC 1983;78:247-248.
7. Heerden JV, Keffen RH. A preliminary investigation into the immobilising potential of a tiletamine/zolazepam mixture, metomidate, a metomidate and azaperone combination and medetomidine in ostriches (Struthio camelus). Tydskr S Afr Vet Ver 1991;62:114-117.
8. Cornick JL, Jensen J. Anesthetic management of ostriches. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1992;200:1661-1666.
9. Ostrowski S, Ancrenaz M. Chemical immobilisation of red-necked ostriches (Struthio camelus) under field conditions. Vet Rec 1995;136:145-147.
10. Cullen LK, Goerke MA, Swan RA, et al. Ostrich anaesthesia: xylazine, premedication followed by alphaxalone/alphadolone and isoflurane. Aust Vet J 1995;72:153-154.
11. Geiser DR. Chemical restraint and analgesia in the horse. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 1990;6:495-512.
12. Altman RB. Avian anesthesia. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1980;38:38-42.
13. Schobert E. Telazol use in wild and exotic animals. Vet Med 1987;82:1080-1088.
14. Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, et al. Telazol - a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1993;16:383-418.
15. Hammer RM. Ratite medicine and management, in Proceedings. Mich Vet Conf 1994;158-164.
16. Garzone PD, Kroboth PD. Pharmacokineitcs of the newer benzodiazepines. Clin Pharmacokinet 1989;16:337-364.
17. Jacobson ER, Ellison GW, McMurphy R, et al. Ventriculostomy for removal of multiple foreign bodies in an ostrich. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986;189:1117-1119.
18. Bruning DF, Dolensek EP. Ratite (Struthionoformes, Casuariiformes, Rheiformes, Tinaformes and Apterygiformes). In: Fowler ME, ed. Zoo and wild animal medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co, 1986;277-291.
19. Greene SA, Thurmon JC. Xylazine - a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 1988; 11:295-313.
20. Ludders JW, Rode J, Mitchell GS, et al. Effects of ketamine, xylazine, and a combination of ketamine and xylazine in Pekin ducks. Am J Vet Res 1989;50:245-249.
21. Robertson JT, Muir WW, Sams R. Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in horses. Am J Vet Res 1981;42:41-44.
22. Trim CM. Cardiopulmonary effects of butorphanol tartrate in dogs. Am J Vet Res 1983;44:329-331.
23. Kirkpatrick RM. Use of xylazine and ketamine as a combination anesthetic. Canine Pract 1978;5:53-57.
24. Lin HC, Tyler JW, Wallace SS, et al. Telazol and xylazine anesthesia in sheep. Cornell Vet 1993;83:117-124.
25. Lin HC, Wallace SS, Tyler JW, et al. Comparison of tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine and tiletamine-zolazepam-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia in sheep. Aust Vet J 1994;71:239-242.
26. Muir WW, Skarda RT, Milne DW. Evaluation of xylazine and ketamine hydrochloride for anesthsia in horses. Am J Vet Res 1977;38:195-201.
27. Eger EI. Isoflurane: a review. Anesthesiology 1981;55:559-576.
28. Steffey EP, Howland D Jr. Isoflurane potency in the dog and cat. Am J Vet Res 1977;38:1833-1836.
29. Goelz MF, Hahn AW, Kelley ST. Effects of halothane and isoflurane on mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory rate in adult Pekin ducks. Am J Vet Res 1990;51:458-460.
30. Matthews NS, Burba DJ, Cornick JL. Premature ventricular contractions and apparent hypertension during anesthesia in an ostrich. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1991;198:1959-1961.
31. Stewart J. Ratites. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR, eds. Avian medicine: principles and application. Lake Worth, Fla: Wingers Publishing, 1994;1254-1326.
32. Steffey EP, Howland D Jr. Comparison of circulatory and respiratory effects of isoflurane and halothane anesthesia in horses. Am J Vet Res 1980;41:821-825.
33. 2-adrenoreceptor. Pharmacol Rev 1983;35: 143-180.
34. 2-adrenergic receptor antagonists. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1989;195:378-381.
35. Hsu WH, Shulaw WP. Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced immobilization in white-tailed deer. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1984;185:1301-1303.
36. Jessup DA, Jones K, Mohr R, et al. Yohimbine antagonism to xylazine in free-ranging mule deer and desert bighorn sheep. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985;187:1251-1253.
37. Page CD. Sloth bear immobilization with a ketamine-xylazine combination: reversal with yohimbine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1986;189:1050-1051.
38. Jacobson ER, Allen J, Martin H, et al. Effects of yohimbine on combined xylazine-ketamine-induced sedation and immobilization in juvenile African elephants. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1985;187: 1195-1198.
39. Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, et al. Guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia for castration in ponies: a comparative study with two different doses of ketamine. J Equine Vet Sci 1993; 13:29-32.