메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 78, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 5-12

Hypothesis testing and effect size estimation in clinical trials

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL RESEARCH; HYPOTHESIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SAMPLE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS;

EID: 0031027246     PISSN: 10811206     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)63363-7     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (48)

References (49)
  • 1
    • 0001930553 scopus 로고
    • Some statistical issues in psychological research
    • Wolman BB, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Cohen J. Some statistical issues in psychological research. In: Wolman BB, ed: Handbook of clinical psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1965: 95-121.
    • (1965) Handbook of Clinical Psychology , pp. 95-121
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 2
    • 0017372768 scopus 로고
    • Clinical biostatistics: Stochastic significance, apposite data, and some remedies for the intellectual pollutants of statistical vocabulary
    • Feinstein AR. Clinical biostatistics: stochastic significance, apposite data, and some remedies for the intellectual pollutants of statistical vocabulary. Clin Pharm Ther 1978;22:113-23.
    • (1978) Clin Pharm Ther , vol.22 , pp. 113-123
    • Feinstein, A.R.1
  • 3
    • 0019406086 scopus 로고
    • What's the difference? Pediatric residents and their inaccurate concepts regarding statistics
    • Friedman SB, Phillips S. What's the difference? Pediatric residents and their inaccurate concepts regarding statistics. Pediatrics 1981;68:644-6.
    • (1981) Pediatrics , vol.68 , pp. 644-646
    • Friedman, S.B.1    Phillips, S.2
  • 4
    • 85050844572 scopus 로고
    • Some statistical problems in research design
    • Kish L. Some statistical problems in research design. Am Soc Rev 1959;24: 328-38.
    • (1959) Am Soc Rev , vol.24 , pp. 328-338
    • Kish, L.1
  • 5
    • 0020059516 scopus 로고
    • Medical statistics-thinking vs. arithmetic
    • Mainland D. Medical statistics-thinking vs. arithmetic. J Chron Dis 1982;35:413-7.
    • (1982) J Chron Dis , vol.35 , pp. 413-417
    • Mainland, D.1
  • 6
    • 0000426690 scopus 로고
    • Interpretation of significance levels and effect sizes by psychological researchers
    • Nelson N, Rosenthal R, Rosnow RL. Interpretation of significance levels and effect sizes by psychological researchers. Am Psychol 1986;41: 1299-1301.
    • (1986) Am Psychol , vol.41 , pp. 1299-1301
    • Nelson, N.1    Rosenthal, R.2    Rosnow, R.L.3
  • 7
    • 0022448513 scopus 로고
    • Significance questing
    • Rothman KJ. Significance questing [editorial]. Ann Intern Med 1986;105: 445-7.
    • (1986) Ann Intern Med , vol.105 , pp. 445-447
    • Rothman, K.J.1
  • 8
    • 33745847757 scopus 로고
    • Belief in the law of small numbers
    • Tversky A, Kahneman D. Belief in the law of small numbers. Psychol Bull 1971;76:105-10.
    • (1971) Psychol Bull , vol.76 , pp. 105-110
    • Tversky, A.1    Kahneman, D.2
  • 9
    • 0018076475 scopus 로고
    • The importance of beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized control trial. Survey of 71 "negative" trials
    • Freiman JA, Chalmers TC, Smith HJ, Kuebler RR. The importance of beta, the type II error and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized control trial. Survey of 71 "negative" trials. N Engl J Med 1978; 299:690-4.
    • (1978) N Engl J Med , vol.299 , pp. 690-694
    • Freiman, J.A.1    Chalmers, T.C.2    Smith, H.J.3    Kuebler, R.R.4
  • 10
    • 0002313869 scopus 로고
    • The Importance of beta, the type II error, and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized controlled trial: Survey of two sets of "negative" trials
    • Bailar JCI, Mosteller F, eds. Boston: NEJM Books
    • Freiman JA, Chalmers TC, Smith HJ, Kuebler RR: The Importance of beta, the type II error, and sample size in the design and interpretation of the randomized controlled trial: survey of two sets of "negative" trials. In: Bailar JCI, Mosteller F, eds. Medical uses of statistics. Boston: NEJM Books, 1992: 357-73.
    • (1992) Medical Uses of Statistics , pp. 357-373
    • Freiman, J.A.1    Chalmers, T.C.2    Smith, H.J.3    Kuebler, R.R.4
  • 11
    • 0018974024 scopus 로고
    • Statistics and ethics in medical research: How large a sample?
    • Altman DG. Statistics and ethics in medical research: how large a sample? Br Med J 1980;281:1336-8.
    • (1980) Br Med J , vol.281 , pp. 1336-1338
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 12
  • 13
    • 0021878601 scopus 로고
    • Compliance in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia
    • Kane J, Borenstein M. Compliance in the long-term treatment of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacol Bull 1985;21: 23-7.
    • (1985) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.21 , pp. 23-27
    • Kane, J.1    Borenstein, M.2
  • 14
    • 0020787404 scopus 로고
    • The significance of "no significance": What a negative statistical test really means
    • Phillips WC, Scott JA, Blasczcynski G, The significance of "no significance": what a negative statistical test really means. Am J Radiol 1983:141:203-6.
    • (1983) Am J Radiol , vol.141 , pp. 203-206
    • Phillips, W.C.1    Scott, J.A.2    Blasczcynski, G.3
  • 15
    • 0019452149 scopus 로고
    • Statistical proof in inconclusive "negative" trials
    • Reed JF, Slaichert W. Statistical proof in inconclusive "negative" trials. Arch Intern Med 1981;141:1307-10.
    • (1981) Arch Intern Med , vol.141 , pp. 1307-1310
    • Reed, J.F.1    Slaichert, W.2
  • 21
    • 85035186745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http://www.interchg.ubc.ca/cacb/power/
  • 22
    • 0021096818 scopus 로고
    • Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals
    • Altman DG, Gore SM, Gardner MJ, Pocock SJ. Statistical guidelines for contributors to medical journals. Br Med J 1983;286:1489-93.
    • (1983) Br Med J , vol.286 , pp. 1489-1493
    • Altman, D.G.1    Gore, S.M.2    Gardner, M.J.3    Pocock, S.J.4
  • 23
    • 0023049334 scopus 로고
    • Confidence intervals rather than P values: Estimation rather than hypothesis testing
    • Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. Br Med J 1986;262:746-50.
    • (1986) Br Med J , vol.262 , pp. 746-750
    • Gardner, M.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 24
    • 0026418625 scopus 로고
    • Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals
    • International Committee of Medical Journal Editors: Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Engl J Med 1991;324:424-8.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 424-428
  • 25
    • 0029987569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trials to assess equivalence: The importance of rigorous methods
    • Jones B, Jarvis P, Lewis JA, Ebbutt AF. Trials to assess equivalence: the importance of rigorous methods. Br Med J 1996;313:36-9.
    • (1996) Br Med J , vol.313 , pp. 36-39
    • Jones, B.1    Jarvis, P.2    Lewis, J.A.3    Ebbutt, A.F.4
  • 27
    • 0000626699 scopus 로고
    • Things I have Learned (so far)
    • Cohen J. Things I have Learned (so far). Am Psychol 1990;45:1304-12.
    • (1990) Am Psychol , vol.45 , pp. 1304-1312
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 28
    • 0027946070 scopus 로고
    • The case for confidence intervals in controlled clinical trials
    • Borenstein M. The case for confidence intervals in controlled clinical trials. Controlled Clin Trials 1994;15: 411-28.
    • (1994) Controlled Clin Trials , vol.15 , pp. 411-428
    • Borenstein, M.1
  • 30
    • 0002090826 scopus 로고
    • Statistics with confidence-Confidence intervals and statistical guidelines
    • Gardner MJ, Altman DG. Statistics with confidence-Confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. London: Br Med J 1989.
    • (1989) London: Br Med J
    • Gardner, M.J.1    Altman, D.G.2
  • 39
    • 0023141749 scopus 로고
    • Sample size estimation in occupational mortality studies with use of confidence interval theory
    • Gordon I. Sample size estimation in occupational mortality studies with use of confidence interval theory (see comments). Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125:158-62.
    • (1987) Am J Epidemiol , vol.125 , pp. 158-162
    • Gordon, I.1
  • 40
    • 0023923913 scopus 로고
    • One sample-size and power calculations for studies using confidence intervals
    • Greenland S. One sample-size and power calculations for studies using confidence intervals. Am J Epidemiol 1988;128:231-7.
    • (1988) Am J Epidemiol , vol.128 , pp. 231-237
    • Greenland, S.1
  • 42
    • 0026704913 scopus 로고
    • Confidence limit analyses should replace power calculations in the interpretation of epidemiologic studies
    • Smith AH, Bates MN. Confidence limit analyses should replace power calculations in the interpretation of epidemiologic studies. Epidemiology 1992;3:449-52.
    • (1992) Epidemiology , vol.3 , pp. 449-452
    • Smith, A.H.1    Bates, M.N.2
  • 43
    • 0024338674 scopus 로고
    • Sample sizes for constructing confidence intervals and testing hypotheses
    • Bristol DR. Sample sizes for constructing confidence intervals and testing hypotheses. Stat Med 1989;8:803-11.
    • (1989) Stat Med , vol.8 , pp. 803-811
    • Bristol, D.R.1
  • 44
    • 0022498096 scopus 로고
    • Reporting the results of epidemiologic studies
    • Walker AM. Reporting the results of epidemiologic studies. Am J Pub Health 1986;76:556-8.
    • (1986) Am J Pub Health , vol.76 , pp. 556-558
    • Walker, A.M.1
  • 45
    • 0022764453 scopus 로고
    • Significance tests represent consensus and standard practice
    • Walker AM. Significance tests represent consensus and standard practice [Letter]. Am J Pub Health 1986;76:1033-4.
    • (1986) Am J Pub Health , vol.76 , pp. 1033-1034
    • Walker, A.M.1
  • 46
    • 84945770259 scopus 로고
    • Confidence curves: An omnibus technique for estimation and testing statistical hypotheses
    • Birnbaum A. Confidence curves: an omnibus technique for estimation and testing statistical hypotheses. J Am Statist Assoc 1961;56:246-9.
    • (1961) J am Statist Assoc , vol.56 , pp. 246-249
    • Birnbaum, A.1
  • 47
    • 0023149041 scopus 로고
    • Beyond the confidence interval
    • Poole O. Beyond the confidence interval. Am J Pub Health 1987;77:195-9.
    • (1987) Am J Pub Health , vol.77 , pp. 195-199
    • Poole, O.1
  • 48
    • 1842332234 scopus 로고
    • Mr. Poole's response
    • Poole C. Mr. Poole's response [Letter]. Am J Pub Health 1987;77:880.
    • (1987) Am J Pub Health , vol.77 , pp. 880
    • Poole, C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.