A phylogenetic analysis of modern sheldgeese and shelducks (Anatidae, tadornini)

Ibis

Volumn 139, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 51-66

  Livezey, Bradley C ^a  

^a SECTION OF VERTEBRATE PALEONTOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANAS; ANATIDAE; ANSER;

EID: 0031026991     PISSN: 00191019     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-919x.1997.tb04504.x     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Andrews, C.W. 1897. On some fossil remains of carinate birds from central Madagascar. Ibis 39: 343-359.
2. Baumel, J.J. & Witmer, L.M. 1993. Osteologia. In Baumel, J.J., King, A.S., Lucas, A.M., Breazile, J.E. & Evans, H.E. (eds) Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium. 2nd ed.: 45-132. Cambridge, Mass.: Nuttall Ornithological Club.
3. Boetticher, H. von. 1942. Über die Einteilung der Familie der Entenvögel (Anatidae) in Unterfamillen und Sektionen. Zool. Anz. 140: 37-48.
4. Boettlcher, H. von. 1952. Gänse- und Entenvögel aus aller Welt. Leipzig: Geest & Portig K.-G.
5. Brodkorb, P. 1964. Catalogue of fossil birds, Part 2 (Anseriformes through Galliformes). Bull. Fl. State Mus. Biol. Sci. 8: 195-335.
6. Brooks, D.R. & McLennan, D.A. 1991. Phylogeny, Ecology, and Behavior: A research program in comparative biology. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
7. Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. & Newman, K. 1982. The Birds of Africa, Vol. 1. London: Academic Press.
8. Brush, A.H. 1976. Waterfowl feather proteins: Analysis of use in taxonomic studies. J. Zool. Lond. 179: 467-498.
9. Clark, G.A., Jr. 1993. Integumentum commune. In Baumel, J.J., King, A.S., Lucas, A.M., Breazile, J.E. & Evans, H.E. (eds) Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium, 2nd ed.: 17-44. Cambridge, Mass.: Nuttall Ornithological Club.
10. Cracraft, J. 1968. The lacrimal-ectethmoid bone complex in birds: A single character analysis. Am. Midl. Nat. 80: 316-359.
11. Cracraft, J. 1983. Species concepts and speciation analysis. In Johnston, R.F. (ed.) Current Ornithology, Vol. 1: 159-187. New York: Plenum Press.
12. Cracraft, J. 1988. Speciation and its ontology: The empirical consequences of alternative species concepts for understanding patterns and processes of differentiation. In Otte, D. & Endler, J.A. (eds) Speciation and Its Consequences: 28-59. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer.
13. Cramp, S. & Simmons, K.E.L. 1977. Handbook of the Birds of Europe and the Middle East and North Africa, Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
14. Delacour, J. 1954. The Waterfowl of the World, Vol. 1. London: Country Life.
15. Delacour, J. 1964. Corrections and additions. In Delacour. J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World, Vol. 4: 327-354. London: Country Life.
16. Delacour, J. & Mayr, E. 1945. The family Anatidae. Wilson Bull. 57: 3-55.
17. del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A. & Sargatal, J. (eds). 1992. Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 1. Barcelona: Lynx Editions.
18. Dunning, J.B., Jr. (ed.). 1993. CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. Boca Raton. Fla.: CRC Press.
19. Eadie, J.McA., Kehoe, F.P. & Nudds, T.D. 1988. Pre-hatch and post-hatch brood amalgamation in North American Anatidae: A review of hypotheses. Can. J. Zool. 66: 1709-1721.
20. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Confidence limits on phytogenies: An approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39: 783-791.
21. Frith, H.J. 1967. Waterfowl in Australia. Honolulu. Hawaii: East-West Center Press.
22. Harvey, P.H. & Pagel, M.D. 1991. The Comparative Method in Evolutionary Biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
23. Hoerschelmann, H. 1971. Proportionsvergleich am Skelett von Anatiden. Zool. Anz. 186: 163-188.
24. Hori, J. 1964. The breeding biology of the Shelduck Tadorna tadorna. Ibis 106: 333-360.
25. Howard, H. 1946. A review of the Pleistocene birds of Fossil Lake, Oregon. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Contr. Paleontol. 551: 141-195.
26. Howard, H. 1964a. Fossil Anseriformes. In Delacour, J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World. Vol. 4: 233-326. London: Country Life.
27. Howard, H. 1964b. A new species of the "Pigmy Goose," Ambernicula, from the Oregon Pleistocene, with a discussion of the genus. Am. Mus. Novit. 2200: 1-14.
28. Humphrey, P.S. & Clark, G.A., Jr. 1964. The anatomy of waterfowl. In Delacour. J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World, Vol. 4: 167-232. London: Country Life.
29. Jacob, J. 1982. Integumentlipide-ihre chemische Struktur und ihre Bedeutung als systematisches Merkmal in der Zoologie. Funkt. Biol. Med. 1: 83-90.
30. Jacob, J. & Hoerschelmann, H. 1993. Ein Beitrag zur Chemotaxonomie der Entenvögel (Aves: Anseriformes). Mitt. Hamburg Zool. Mus. Inst. 90: 379-400.
31. Johnsgard, P.A. 1960a. Comparative behavior of the Anatidae and its evolutionary implications. Wildfowl 11: 31-45.
32. Johnsgard, P.A. 1960b. Hybridization in the Anatidae and its taxonomic implications. Condor 62: 25-33.
33. Johnsgard, P.A. 1961a. The taxonomy of the Anatidae - A behavioural analysis. Ibis 103: 71-85.
34. Johnsgard, P.A. 1961b. Tracheal anatomy of the Anatidae and its taxonomic significance. Wildfowl 12: 58-69.
35. Johnsgard, P.A. 1962. Evolutionary trends in the behaviour and morphology of the Anatidae. Wildfowl 13: 130-148.
36. Johnsgard, P.A. 1963. Behavioral isolating mechanisms in the family Anatidae. Proc. Int. Orn. Congr. XIII: 531-543.
37. Johnsgard, P.A. 1965. Handbook of Waterfowl Behavior. London: Constable.
38. Johnsgard, P.A. 1968. Waterfowl: Their biology and natural history. Lincoln, Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press.
39. Johnsgard, P.A. 1978. Ducks, Geese, and Swans of the World. Lincoln. Nebr.: University of Nebraska Press.
40. Johnsgard, P.A. 1979. Order Anseriformes. In Mayr, E. & Cottrell, C.W. (eds) Checklist of Birds of the World. Vol. 1. 2nd ed.: 425-506. Cambridge, Mass.: Museum of Comparative Zoology.
41. Kagelmann, G. 1951. Studien über Farbfelderung, Zeichnung und Färbung der Wild- und Hausenten. Zool. Jahrb. 62: 513-630.
42. Kear, J. 1970. The adaptive radiation of parental care in waterfowl. In Crook, J. H. (ed.) Social Behaviour in Birds and Mammals: 357-392. New York: Academic Press.
43. King, A.S. 1989. Functional anatomy of the syrinx. In King, A.S. & McLelland, J. (eds) Form and Function in Birds. Vol. 4: 105-192. London: Academic Press.
44. King, A.S. 1993. Apparatus respiratorius [systema respiratorium]. In Baumel, J.J., King, A.S., Lucas, A.M., Breazile, J.E. & Evans, H.E. (eds) Handbook of Avian Anatomy: Nomina anatomica avium. 2nd ed.: 257-299. Cambridge, Mass.: Nuttall Ornithological Club.
45. Livezey, B.C. 1986. A phylogenetic analysis of Recent anseriform genera using morphological characters. Auk 103: 737-754.
46. Livezey, B.C. 1989. Phylogenetic relationships of several subfossil Anseriformes of New Zealand. Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Occas. Pap. 128: 1-25.
47. Livezey, B.C. 1991. A phylogenetic analysis and classification of Recent dabbling ducks (Tribe Anatini) based on comparative morphology. Auk 108: 471-507.
48. Livezey, B.C. & Humphrey, P.S. 1992. Taxonomy and identification of steamer-ducks (Anatidae: Tachyeres). Univ. Kans. Mus. Nat. Hist. Monogr. 8: 1-125.
49. Livezey, B.C. 1995a. A phylogenetic analysis of the whistling and white-backed ducks (Anatidae: Dendrocygninae) using morphological characters. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 64: 65-97.
50. Livezey, B.C. 1995b. Phylogeny and comparative ecology of stiff-tailed ducks (Anatidae: Oxyurini). Wilson Bull. 107: 214-254.
51. Livezey, B.C. 1995c. Phylogeny and evolutionary ecology of modern seaducks (Anatidae: Mergini). Condor 97: 235-255.
52. Livezey, B.C. 1996a. A phylogenetic analysis of geese and swans (Anseriformes: Anserinae), including selected fossil species. Syst. Biol. 45 (in press).
53. Livezey, B.C. 1996b. A phylogenetic analysis of modern pochards (Anatidae: Aythyinl). Auk 115: 74-93.
54. Livezey, B.C. 1996c. A phylogenetic reassessment of the tadornine-anatine divergence (Aves: Anseriformes: Anatidae). Ann. Carnegie Mus. 65: 27-88.
55. Livezey, B.C. & Humphrey, P.S. 1984. Sexual dimorphism in continental steamer-ducks. Condor 86: 368-377.
56. Maddison, W.P. & Maddison, D.R. 1992. MacClade: Version 3. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer.
57. Madge, S. & Burn, H. 1988. Waterfowl: An identification guide to the ducks, geese and swans of the world. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
58. Madsen, C.S., McHugh, K.P. & de Kloet, S.R. 1988. A partial classification of waterfowl (Anatidae) based on single-copy DNA. Auk 105: 452-459.
59. Marchant, S. & Higgins, P.J. (coords). 1990. Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds, Vol. 1. Part B. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
60. Mayr, E. & Bock, W.J. 1994. Provisional classifications v standard avian sequences: Heuristics and communication in ornithology. Ibis 136: 12-18.
61. McKitrick, M.C. & Zink, R.M. 1988. Species concepts in ornithology. Condor 90: 1-14.
62. McNeil, R., Drapeau, P. & Goss-Custard, J.D. 1992. The occurrence and adaptive significance of nocturnal habits in waterfowl. Biol. Rev. 67: 381-119.
63. Miller, A.H. 1937. Structural modifications in the Hawaiian Goose (Nesochen sandvicensis): A study in adaptive evolution. Univ. Calif. Publ. Zool. 42: 1-80.
64. Möller, W. 1969. Vergleichend-morphologische Untersuchungen and Schädeln höckertragender Anatiden mit einem Beitrag zur Mechanik des Anatidenschädels II. Gegenbaurs Morphol. Jahrb. 115: 161-200.
65. Newton, E. & Gadow, H. 1893. On additional bones of the Dodo and other extinct birds of Mauritius obtained by Mr. Théodore Sauzier. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 13: 281-302.
66. Nowak, E. 1983. Die Schopfkasarka, Tadorna cristata (Kuroda, 1917) - Eine vom aussterben bedrohte Tierart (Wissensstand und Vorschlage zum Schutz). Bonnen Zool. Beitr. 34: 235-271.
67. Nowak, E. 1984. Über das vermutliche Brut- und Überwinterungsgebiet der Schopfkasark. Tadorna cristata. J. Orn. 125: 103-105.
68. Numachi, K., Watada, M., Kakizawa, R., Kuroda, N. & Utida, S. 1983. Evolutionary genetics of the Anatidae. Tori 32: 63-74.
69. Oliver, W.R.B. 1955. New Zealand Birds, 2nd ed. Wellington: A.H. & A.W. Reed.
70. Olson, S.L. & James, H.F. 1991. Descriptions of thirty-two new species of birds from the Hawaiian Islands: Part I. Non-Passeriformes. Orn. Monogr. 45: 1-88.
71. Patterson, I.J. 1982. The Shelduck: A study in behavioural ecology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
72. Peters, J.L. 1931. Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
73. Phillips, J.C. 1922. A Natural History of the Ducks. Vol. 1. Boston. Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
74. Raikow, R.J. 1970. The function and evolution of the supraorbital process in ducks. Auk 87: 568-572.
75. Rohwer, F.C. 1988. Inter- and intraspecific relationships between egg size and clutch size in waterfowl. Auk 105: 161-176.
76. Rohwer, F.C. & Freeman, S. 1989. The distribution of conspecific nest parasitism in birds. Can. J. Zool. 67: 239-253.
77. Ross, R.C. 1935. A new genus and species of pigmy goose from the McKittrick Pleistocene. Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 8: 107-114.
78. Salvadori, T. 1895. Catalogue of the Chenomorphae (Palamedeae, Phoenicopteri, Anseres), Crypturi and Ratitae in the Collection of the British Museum. London: Longmans.
79. Sanderson, M.J. 1989. Confidence limits on phylogenies: The boot-strap revisited. Cladistics 5: 113-129.
80. Scherer, S. & Hilsberg, T. 1982. Hybridisierung und Verwandt-schaftsgrade innerhalb der Anatidae - Eine systematische und evolutionstheoretische Betrachtung. J. Orn. 123: 357-380.
81. Scherer, S. & Sontag, C. 1986. Zur molekularen Taxonomie und Evolution der Anatidae. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolutions forsch. 24: 1-19.
82. Schönwetter, M. 1961. Handbuch der Oologie, Part 3. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
83. Sclater, P.L. & Salvin, O. 1876. A revision of the neotropical Anatidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1876: 358-414.
84. Scott, D.K. & Clutton-Brock, T.H. 1989. Mating systems, parasites and plumage dimorphism in waterfowl. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 26: 261-273.
85. Selander, R.K. 1966. Sexual dimorphism and differential niche utilization in birds. Condor 68: 113-151.
86. Selander, R.K. 1972. Sexual selection and dimorphism in birds. In Campbell, B. (ed.) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man: 180-230. Chicago, Ill.: Aldine.
87. Short, L.L. 1970. Mid-Pleistocene birds from western Nebraska, including a new species of sheldgoose. Condor 72: 147-152.
88. Sibley, C.G. 1957. The evolutionary and taxonomic significance of sexual dimorphism and hybridization in birds. Condor 59: 166-191.
89. Sibley, C.G. & Ahlquist, J.E. 1990. Phylogeny and classification of Birds: A study in molecular evolution. New Haven. Conn.: Yale University Press.
90. Sibley, C.G. & Monroe, B.L., Jr. 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
91. Sigurjónsdóttir, H. 1981. The evolution of sexual size dimorphism in gamebirds, waterfowl and raptors. Ornis Scand. 12: 249-260.
92. Snow, D.W. 1987. Colonel Meinertzhagen's wing drawings. Bull. Br. Ornithol. Club 107: 189-191.
93. Summers, R.W. 1983. The life cycle of the Upland Goose Chloephaga picta in the Falkland Islands. Ibis 125: 524-544.
94. Swofford, D.L. 1993. PAUP: Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony. Version 3.1. Champaign. Ill.: Natural History Survey.
95. Todd, F.S. 1979. Waterfowl: Ducks, geese and swans of the world. New York: Harcourt-Brace Jovanovich.
96. Trivers, R.L. 1972. Parental investment and sexual selection. In Campbell. B. (ed.) Sexual Selection and the Descent of Man: 136-179. Chicago. Ill.: Aldine.
97. Tyler, C. 1964. A study of the egg shells of the Anatidae. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 142: 547-583.
98. Verheyen, R. 1953. Bijdrage tot de osteologie en de systematiek der Anseriformes. Gerfaut 43: 373-456.
99. Weller, M.W. 1964a. General habits. In Delacour, J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World, Vol. 4: 15-34. London: Country Life.
100. Weller, M.W. 1964b. The reproductive cycle. In Delacour, J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World. Vol. 4: 35-79. London: Country Life.
101. Weller, M.W. 1964c. Ecology. In Delacour, J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World. Vol. 4: 80-107. London: Country Life.
102. Weller, M.W. 1964d. Distribution and species relationships. In Delacour, J. (ed.) The Waterfowl of the World. Vol. 4: 108-120. London: Country Life.
103. Wiley, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics: The theory and practice of phylogenetic systematics. New York: J. Wiley & Sons.
104. Williams, M. 1974. Creching behaviour of the Shelduck Tadorna tadorna L. Ornis Scand. 5: 131-143.
105. Wolters, H.E. 1976. Die Vogelarten der Erde, Part 2. Hamburg and Berlin: Paul Parey.
106. Woolfenden, G.E. 1961. Postcranial osteology of the waterfowl. Fla. State Mus. Bull. Biol. Sci. 6: 1-129.