The progress of cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis. A controlled 3-year follow-up

Brain

Volumn 120, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 289-297

  Kujala, P ^a,b   Portin, R ^a   Ruutiainen, J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURKU   (Finland)

^b Maskun Neurologinen Kuntoutuskeskus   (Finland)

Author keywords

Cognitive performance; Multiple sclerosis; Neuropsychology

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONTROLLED STUDY; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MENTAL PERFORMANCE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 0031026939     PISSN: 00068950     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/brain/120.2.289     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Amato MP, Ponziani G, Pracucci G, Bracco L, Siracusa G, Amaducci L. Cognitive impairment in early-onset multiple sclerosis. Pattern, predictors, and impact on everyday life in a 4-year follow-up. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 168-72.
2. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association, 1980.
3. Barbizet J, Cany E. Clinical and psychometrical study of a patient with memory disturbances. Int J Neurol 1970; 7: 44-54
4. Beatty WW, Goodkin DE. Screening for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1990; 47: 297-301.
5. Beatty WW, Goodkin DE, Beatty PA, Monson N. Frontal lobe dysfunction and memory impairment in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain Cogn 1989; 11: 73-86.
6. Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh JK. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1961; 4: 561-71.
7. Benton AL. The Revised Visual Retention Test. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1963.
8. Brooks DJ, Leenders KL, Head G, Marshall J, Legg NJ, Jones T. Studies on regional cerebral oxygen utilisation and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1984; 47: 1182-91.
9. Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA, Fadda L, Roncacci S. Cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a subcortical pattern of neuropsychological impairment? Behav Neurol 1991; 4: 129-41.
10. Canter AH. Direct and indirect measures of psychological deficit in multiple sclerosis. J Gen Psychol 1951; 44: 3-50.
11. Comi G, Filippi M, Martinelli V, Campi A, Rodegher M, Alberoni M, et al. Brain MRI correlates of cognitive impairment in primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1995; 132: 222-7.
12. Feinstein A, Kartsounis LD, Miller DH, Youl BD, Ron MA. Clinically isolated lesions of the type seen in multiple sclerosis: a cognitive, psychiatric, and MRI follow up study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1992; 55: 869-76.
13. Feinstein A, Ron M, Thompson A. A serial study of psychometric and magnetic resonance imaging changes in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1993; 116: 569-602.
14. Filley CM, Heaton RK, Thompson LL, Nelson LM, Franklin GM. Effects of disease course on neuropsychological functioning. In: Rao SM, editor. Neurobehavioral aspects of multiple sclerosis. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990: 136-48.
15. Fink SL, Houser HB. An investigation of physical and intellectual changes in multiple sclerosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1966; 47: 56-61.
16. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. 'Mini-mental state'. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975; 12: 189-98.
17. Gronwall DMA. Paced auditory serial-addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Percept Mot Skills 1977; 44: 367-73.
18. Gronwall D, Wrightson P. Recovery after minor head injury [letter]. Lancet 1974; 2: 1452.
19. Heaton RK, Nelson LM, Thompson DS, Burks JS, Franklin GM. Neuropsychological findings in relapsing-remitting and chronic-progressive multiple sclerosis. J Consult Clin Psychol 1985; 53: 103-10.
20. Ivnik RJ. Neuropsychological test performance as a function of the duration of MS-related symptomatology. J Clin Psychiatry 1978a; 39: 304-7, 311-12.
21. Ivnik RJ. Neuropsychological stability in multiple sclerosis. J Consult Clin Psychol 1978b; 46: 913-23.
22. Jennekens-Schinkel A, Lanser JBK, van der Velde EA, Sanders EACM. Performances of multiple sclerosis patients in tasks requiring language and visuoconstruction. Assessment of outpatients in quiescent disease stages. J Neurol Sci 1990a; 95: 89-103.
23. Jennekens-Schinkel A, La Boyrie PM, Lanser JBK, van der Velde EA. Cognition in patients with multiple sclerosis after four years. J Neurol Sci 1990b; 99: 229-17.
24. Klonoff H, Clark C, Oger J, Paty D, Li D. Neuropsychological performance in patients with mild multiple sclerosis. J Nerv Ment Dis 1991; 179: 127-31.
25. Kujala P, Portin R, Revonsuo A, Ruutiainen J. Automatic and controlled information processing in multiple sclerosis. Brain 1994; 117: 1115-26.
26. Kujala P, Portin R, Revonsuo A, Ruutiainen J. Attention related performance in two cognitively different subgroups of patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995; 59: 77-82.
27. Kujala P, Portin R, Ruutiainen J. Memory deficits and early cognitive deterioration in MS. Acta Neurol Scand 1996a; 93: 329-35.
28. Kujala P, Portin R, Ruutiainen J. Language functions in incipient cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 1996b; 141: 79-86.
29. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983; 33: 1444-52.
30. Lezak MD. Neuropsychological assessment. 2nd edn. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
31. Litvan J, Grafman J, Vendrell P, Martinez JM. Slowed information processing in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 281-5.
32. Mariani C, Farina E, Cappa SF, Anzola GP, Faglia L, Bevilacqua L, et al. Neuropsychological assessment in multiple sclerosis: a follow-up study with magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurol 1991; 238: 395-400.
33. Portin R, Rinne UK. Neuropsychological responses of parkinsonian patients to long-term levodopa treatment. In: Rinne UK, Klinger M, Stamm G, editors. Parkinson's disease - current progress, problems and management. Amsterdam: Elsevier Biomedical Press, 1980: 271-304.
34. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, McDonald WI, Davis FA, Ebers GC, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol 1983; 13: 227-31.
35. Pozzilli C, Gasperini C, Anzini A, Grasso MG, Ristor, G, Fieschi C. Anatomical and functional correlates of cognitive deficit in multiple sclerosis. [Review]. J Neurol Sci 1993; 115 Suppl: S55-8.
36. Rao SM. Neuropsychology of multiple sclerosis: a critical review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1986; 8: 503-42.
37. Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 1. Frequency, patterns, and prediction [see comments]. Neurology 1991; 41: 685-91. Comment in: Neurology 1991; 41: 2014-15.
38. Rao SM, Leo GJ, Bernardin L, Unverzagt F. Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 1. Frequency, patterns, and prediction [see comments]. Neurology 1991; 41: 685-91. Comment in: Neurology 1991; 41: 2014-15.
39. Revonsuo A, Portin L, Koivikko L, Rinne JO, Rinne UK. Slowing of information processing in Parkinson's disease. Brain Cogn 1993; 21: 87-110.
40. Ron MA, Callanan MM, Warrington EK. Cognitive abnormalities in multiple sclerosis: a psychometric and MRI study. Psychol Med 1991; 21: 59-68.
41. Stroop JR. Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychol 1935; 18: 643-62.
42. Swirsky-Sacchetti T, Field HL, Mitchell DR, Seward J, Lublin FD, Knobler RL, at al. The sensitivity of the Mini-Mental State Exam in the white matter dementia of multiple sclerosis. J Clin Psychol 1992; 48: 779-86.
43. van den Burg W, van Zomeren AH, Minderhoud JM, Prange AJA, Meijer NSA. Cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis and mild physical disability. Arch Neurol 1987; 44: 494-501.
44. Wechsler D. A standardized memory scale for clinical use. J Psychol 1945; 19: 87-95.
45. Wechsler D. Manual for Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. New York: Psychological Corporation, 1955.
46. Weinshenker BG, Issa M, Baskerville J. Long-term and short-term outcome of multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 1996; 53: 353-8.
47. Young AC, Saunders J, Ponsford JR. Mental change as an early feature of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1976; 39: 1008-13.