The cambrian evolutionary 'explosion' recalibrated

BioEssays

Volumn 19, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 429-434

  Fortey, Richard A ^a   Briggs, Derek E G ^b   Wills, Matthew A ^b  

^a DEPARTMENT OF LIFE SCIENCES   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; ARTHROPODA; METAZOA; MOLLUSCA;

EID: 0031021002     PISSN: 02659247     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/bies.950190510     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Grotzinger, J.P., Bowring, S.A., Saylor, B.Z. and Kaufman, A.J. (1995). Biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution. Science 270, 598-604.
2. Waggoner, B. (1996). Phylogenetic hypotheses of the relationships of arthropods to Precambrian and Cambrian problematic fossil taxa. Syst. Biol. 45, 190-222.
3. Buss, L.W. and Seilacher, A. (1994). The Phylum Vendobionta: a sister group of the Eumetazoa? Paleobiology 20, 1-4.
4. Valentine, J.W., Awramik, S.M., Signor, P.W. and Sadler, P.M. (1991). The biological explosion at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. Evol. Biol. 25, 279-356.
5. Gould, S.J. (1989). Wonderful Life. Norton and Company, New York.
6. Conway Morris, S. (1992). Burgess-Shale type faunas in the context of the 'Cambrian explosion': a review. J. Geol. Soc. London 149, 631-6.
7. Davidson, E.H., Petersen, K.J. and Cameron, R.A. (1995). Origin of bilateral body plans - evolution of developmental regulatory mechanisms. Science 270, 1319-1325.
8. McKinney, M.L. and McNamara, K.J. (1991). Heterochrony: The evolution of Ontogeny. Plenum Press, New York.
9. Wills, M.A., Briggs, D.E.G. and Fortey, R.A. (1994). Disparity as an evolutionary index: a comparison of Cambrian and Recent arthropods. Paleobiology 20, 93-130.
10. Hou, X.G., Ramsköld, L. and Bergström, J. (1991). Composition and preservation of the Chenjiang fauna - a Lower Cambrian soft-bodied biota. Zool. Scripta 20, 295-411.
11. Budd, G.E. (1993). A Cambrian gilled lobopod from Greenland. Nature 364, 709-711.
12. Dzik, J. and Lendzion, K. (1988). The oldest arthropods from the East European platform. Lethaia 21, 29-38.
13. Fortey, R.A. and Owens, R.M. (1990). Evolutionary radiations in the Trilobita. In Major Evolutionary Radiations (Syst. Assoc. Spec. Vol 42) (ed. P.D. Taylor and G.P. Larwood), pp. 139-164. Oxford.
14. Hallam, A.H. (1994). An Outline of Phanerozoic Biogeography. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
15. Briggs, D.E.G. and Fortey, R.A. (1989). The early radiation of the Arthropoda. Science 246, 241-3.
16. Wills, M.A., Briggs, D.E.G., Fortey, R.A. and Wilkinson, M. (1995). The significance of fossils in understanding arthropod evolution. Verh. Deutsch. Zool. Ges. 88, 203-215.
17. Wheeler, W.C., Cartwright, P. and Hayashi, C.Y. (1993). Arthropod phytogeny: a combined approach. Cladistics 9, 1-39.
18. Dalziel, I.W.D. (1995). Earth before Pangaea. Scientific American January, 58-63.
19. Jenkins, R.J.F. (1992). Functional and ecological aspects of the Ediacaran assemblages. In Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa (ed. J.H. Lipps and P.W. Signor), pp. 181-223. Plenum, New York.
20. Friedrich, M. and Tautz, O. (1995). rDNA phylogeny of the major extant arthropod classes and the evolution of myriapods. Nature 376, 165-7.
21. Osorio, D., Averof, M. and Bacon, J.P. (1995). Arthropod evolution: great brains, beautiful bodies. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 449-454.
22. Turbeville, J.M., Pfeifer, D.M., Field, K.G. and Raff, R.A. (1991). The phylogenetic status of arthropods as inferred from 18S rRNA sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 8, 669-686.
23. Brusca, R.C. and and Brusca, G.J. (1990). Invertebrates. Sinauer Associates. Sunderland, Mass.
24. Hou, X.G. and Bergström, J. (1995). Cambrian lobopodians - ancestors of extant onychophorans? Zool J. Linn. Soc. London 114, 3-19.
25. Runnegar, B. (1996). Early evolution of the Mollusca: the fossil record. In Origin and Evolutionary Radiation of the Mollusca (ed. J.D. Taylor), pp. 77-87. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
26. Popov, L.E., Bassett, M.G., Holmer, L.E. and Laurie, J. (1993). Phylogenetic analysis of higher taxa of Brachiopoda. Letnaia 26, 1-5.
27. Willmer, P. (1990). Invertebrate Relationships: Patterns in Animal Evolution. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
28. Conway Morris, S. and Peel, J.S. (1995). Articulated halkeriids from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland and their role in early protostome evolution. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 347, 305-358.
29. Chen, J.Y., Dzik, J., Edgecombe, G.D., Ramsköld, L. and Zhou G. Q. (1995). A possible early Cambrian chordate. Nature 377, 720-722.
30. Shu, D., Zhang, X. and Chen, L. (1996). Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest hemichordate. Nature 380, 428-430.
31. Gehling, J.G. (1987). Earliest known echinoderm - a new Ediacaran fossil from the Pound Subgroup of South Australia. Alcheringa 11, 337-345.
32. Field, K.G. et al. (1988). Molecular phylogeny of the animal kingdom. Science 239, 748-753.
33. Lacalli, T. (1996). Dorsoventral axis inversion: a phylogenetic perspective. BioEssays 18, 251-254.
34. Wray, G.A., Levinton, J.S. and Shapiro, L.H. (1997). Molecular evidence for deep pre-Cambrian divergencies among metazoan phyla. Science 214, 568-573.
35. Runnegar, B. (1982). A molecular clock date for the origin of the animal phyla. Lethaia 15, 199-205.
36. Doolittle, R.F., Feng, D.F., Tsang, T., Cho, G. and Little, E. (1996). Determining divergence times of the major Kingdoms of living organisms with a protein clock. Science 272, 470-77.
37. Hedges, S.B. et al. (1996). Continental breakup and the ordinal diversification of birds and mammals. Nature 381, 226-9.
38. Swofford, D.L., Olsen, G.J., Waddell, P.J. and Hillis, D.M. (1996). Phylogenetic Inference. In Molecular Systematics (ed. D.M. Hillis, C. Moritz and B.K. Mable), pp. 407-514. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
39. McMenamin, M.A.S. and McMenamin, D.L.S. (1990). The Emergence of Animals: The Cambrian Breakthrough. Columbia University Press.
40. Valentine, J.W., Erwin, D.H. and Jablonski, D. (1996). Developmental evolution of metazoan bodyplans - the fossil evidence. Dev. Biol. 173, 373-
41. Boaden, P.J.S. (1989). Meiofauna and the origin of the Metazoa. Zool J. Linn Soc. London 96, 217-227.
42. Crimes, T.P. (1994). The period of early evolutionary failure and the dawn of evolutionary success: the record of biotic changes across the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. In The Palaeobiology of Trace Fossils (ed. S.K. Donovan), pp. 105-133. J. Wiley and Sons, England.
43. Cressey, R. and Boxshall, G. (1989). Kabatarina pattersoni, a fossil parasitic copepod (Dichelesthiidae) from a Lower Cretaceous fish. Micropalaeontology 35, 150-167.
44. Kinchin, I.M. (1994). The Biology of Tardigrades. Portland Press, London.
45. Dewel, R.A. and Dewel, W.C. (1996). The brain of Echiniscus viridissimus Peterfi, 1956 (Heterotardigrada): a key to understanding the phylogenetic position of Tardigrades and the evolution of the arthriopod head. Biol J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 116, 35-49.
46. Gee, H. (1996). Before the Backbone: Views on the Origin of the Vertebrates. Chapman & Hall London.
47. Neilsen, C. (1995). Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
48. Müller, K.J. and Walossek, D. (1985). A remarkable arthropod fauna from the Upper Cambrian 'Orsten' of Sweden. Trans R. Soc. Edinb. Earth Sci. 76 161-172.
49. Cooper A. and Penny, D. (1996). The role of the breakup of Gondwana in the evolution of vertebrates. Abstracts of ICSEB V, Budapest, 74.
50. Robbins, E.I., Porter, K.G. and Haberyan, K.A. (1985). Pellet microfossils: possible evidence for metazoan life in Early Proterozoic time. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 5809-5813.