Localization of upstream silencer elements involved in the expression of cone transducin α-subunit (GNAT2)

Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science

Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 196-206

  Morris, T Allen ^a   Fong, Wei Bao ^a   Ward, Melissa J ^a   Hu, Hu ^b   Fong, Shao Ling ^a,b  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

cones; G protein; gene expression; photoreceptor transduction; transducin

Indexed keywords

CHLORAMPHENICOL ACETYLTRANSFERASE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEASE I; DNA; PROTEIN; TRANSDUCIN;

ALPHA CHAIN; BASE PAIRING; BINDING SITE; DNA SEQUENCE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; GENE; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN INTERACTION; RETINA CONE; REVIEW;

BASE SEQUENCE; CHLORAMPHENICOL O-ACETYLTRANSFERASE; CONES (RETINA); DNA; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; ENHANCER ELEMENTS (GENETICS); EYE NEOPLASMS; EYE PROTEINS; GENE DELETION; GENE EXPRESSION; HELA CELLS; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES; PLASMIDS; RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS; RETINOBLASTOMA; TRANSDUCIN; TRANSFECTION; TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED;

EID: 0031016466     PISSN: 01460404     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Hargrave PA, Hamm HE. Regulation of visual transduction. In: Sibley DR, Houslay MD, eds. Regulation of Cellular Signal Transduction Pathways by Desensitization and Amplification. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1994:25-67.
2. Stryer L. Visual excitation and recovery. J Biol Chem 1991;266:10711-10714.
3. Yau K-W. Phototransduction mechanism in retinal rods and cones: The Friedenwald lecture. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1994;35:9-32.
4. Lolley RN, Lee RH. Cyclic GMP and photoreceptor function. FASEB J 1990;4:3001-3008.
5. Nathans J, Hogness DS. Isolation and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding human rhodopsin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984;81:4851-4855.
6. Nathans J, Thomas D, Hogness DS. Molecular genetics of human color vision: The genes encoding blue, green and red pigments. Science 1986;232:193-202.
7. Lerea CL, Somers DE, Hurley JB, Klock IB, Bunt-Milam AH. Identification of specific transducin alpha subunits in retinal rod and cone photoreceptors. Science 1986;234:77-80.
8. Lee R, Lieberman B, Yamane H, Bok D, Fung B. Identification and purification of the β subunits of transducin and the phosducin/βγ-transducin complex in retinal cone photoreceptors. ARVO Abstracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:873.
9. Yau K-Y, Peng Y-W, Robishaw JD. Retinal rods and cones have distinct G-protein y subunits. ARVO Abstracts. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1992;33:1004.
10. Gillespie PG, Beavo JA. Characterization of a bovine cone photoreceptor phosphodiesterase purified by cyclic GMP-sepharose Chromatography. J Biol Chem 1988;263:8133-8141.
11. Fong S-L, Morris TA, Lee C-H, Donoso LA, Fong W-B. Transfection of retinoblastoma cells: Localization of cis-acting elements for interstitial retinoid-binding protein gene. Meth. Neurosci 1993;15:322-330.
12. Fong SL. Characterization of the human rod transducin alpha-subunit gene. Nucl Acids Res 1992;20:2865-2870.
13. Morris TA, Fong SL. Characterization of the gene encoding human cone transducin alpha-subunit (GNAT2). Genomics 1993;17:442-448.
14. Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;74:5463-5467.
15. Dale RM, McClure BA, Houchins JP. A rapid single-stranded cloning strategy for producing a sequential series of overlapping clones for use in DNA sequencing: Application to sequencing the corn mitochondrial 18 rDNA. Plasmid 1985;13:31-40.
16. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene 1984;28:351-359.
17. Gorman CM, Moffat LF, Howard BH. Recombinant genomes which express chlorainphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol 1982;2:1044-1051.
18. Dignam JD, Lebovitz RM, Roeder RG. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucl Acids Res 1983;11:1475-1489.
19. Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 1976;72:248-254.
20. Dynan WS. Dnasel footprinting as an assay for mammalian gene regulatory proteins. Genet Eng 1987;9:75-87.
21. Maxam AM, Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1977;74:560-564.
22. Fujita T, Shibuya H, Hotta H, Yamanishi K, Taniguchi T. Interferon-beta gene regulation: Tandemly repeated sequences of a synthetic 6 bp oligomer function as a virus-inducible enhancer. Cell 1987;49:357-367.
23. Lee KAW, Green MR. A cellular transcription factor E4F1 interacts with an Ela-inducible enhancer and mediates constitutive enhancer function in vitro. EMBO J 1987;6:1345-1353.
24. Lee KA, Masson N. Transcripuonal regulation by CREB and its relatives. Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1174:221-233.
25. Lin Y-S, Green MR. Interaction of a common cellular transcription factor, ATF, with regulatory elements in both Ela- and cyclic AMP-inducible promoters. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;85:3396-3400.
26. Briggs MR, Kadonaga JT, Bell SP, Tjian R. Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter- specific transcription factor, Sp1. Science 1986;234:47-52.
27. Chodosh LA, Baldwin AS, Carthew RW, Sharp PA. Human CCAAT-binding proteins have heterologous subunits. Cell 1988;53:11-24.
28. Wells DE. Compilation analysis of histones and histone genes. Nucl Acids Res 1986;14:r119-r149.
29. Dynlacht BD, Hoey T, Tjian R. Isolation of coactivators associated with the TATA-binding protein that mediate transcriptional activation. Cell 1991;66:563-576.
30. Sen R, Baltimore D. Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Cell 1986;46:705-716.
31. Fong SL, Fong WB, Morris TA, Kedzie KM, Bridges CD. Characterization and comparative structural features of the gene for human interstitial retinol-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1990;265:3648-3653.
32. Zack DJ, Bennett J, Wang Y, et al. Unusual topography of bovine rhodopsin promoter-lacZ fusion gene expression in transgenic mouse retinas. Neuron 1991;6:187-199.
33. Morabito MA, Yu X, Barnstable CJ. Characterization of developmentally regulated and retina-specific nuclear protein binding to a site in the upstream region of the rat opsin gene. J Biol Chem 1991;266:9667-9672.
34. Yu X, Chung M, Morabito MA, Barnstable CJ. Shared nuclear protein binding sites in the upstream region of the rat opsin gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1993;191:76-82.
35. Ahmad I, Yu X, Barnstable CJ. A cis-acting element, T alpha-1, in the upstream region of rod alpha-transducin gene that binds a developmentally regulated retina-specific nuclear factor. J Neurochem 1994;62:396-399.
36. Kikuchi T, Raju K, Breitman ML, Shinohara T. The proximal promoter of the mouse arrestin gene directs gene expression in photoreceptor cells and contains an evolutionarily conserved retinal factor-binding site. Mol Cell Biol 1993;13:4400-4408.
37. Liou GI, Geng L, al-Ubaidi MR, et al. Tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice directed by the 5′-flanking sequences of the human gene encoding interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. J Biol Chem 1990;265:8373-8376.
38. Liou GI, Matragoon S, Yang J, Geng L, Overbeek PA, Ma DP. Retina-specific expression from the IRBP promoter in transgenic mice is conferred by 212 bp of the 5′-flanking region. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1991;181:159-165.
39. Bobola N, Hirsch E, Albini A, Altruda F, Noonan D, Ravazzolo R. A single cis-acting element in a short promoter segment of the gene encoding the interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein confers tissue-specific expression. J Biol Chem 1995;270:1289-1294.
40. Di Polo A, Rickman CB, Farber DB. Isolation and initial characterization of the 5′ flanking region of the human and murine cyclic guanosine monophosphatephosphodiesterase β-subunit genes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1996;37:551-560.
41. Ts'o MOM, Zimmerman LE, Fine BS. The nature of retinoblastoma: I: Photoreceptor differentiation: A clinical and histopathologic study. Am J Ophthalol 1970;69:339-349.
42. Bogenmann E, Lochrie MA, Simon MI. Cone cell-specific genes expressed in retinoblastoma. Science 1988;240:76-78.
43. Di Polo A, Farber DB. Rod photoreceptor-specific gene expression in human retinoblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:4016-4020.
44. Workman JL, Buchman AR. Multiple functions of nucleosomes and regulatory factors in transcription. Trends Biochem Sci 1993;18:90-95.
45. Kornberg RD, Lorch Y. Chromatin structure and transcription. Annu Rev Cell Biol 1992;8:563-587.
46. Kuhl D, de la Fuente J, Chaturvedi M, et al. Reversible silencing of enhances by sequences derived from the human IFN-alpha promoter. Cell 1987;50:1057-1069.
47. Breathnach R, Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem 1981;50:349-383.