The effect of intravenous lactate on cerebral function during hypoglycaemia

Diabetic Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 19-28

  King, P ^a   Parkin, H ^b   Macdonald, I A ^b   Barber, C ^b   Tattersall, R B ^a  

^a NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS NHS TRUST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Alternative CNS fuels; Cerebral function; Hypoglycaemia; Lactate

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; GROWTH HORMONE; LACTIC ACID; NORADRENALIN;

ADULT; ARTICLE; AUDITORY RESPONSE; BRAIN DYSFUNCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; EVOKED RESPONSE; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; NORMAL HUMAN; RESPONSE TIME;

ADULT; BLOOD GLUCOSE; BRAIN; CATECHOLAMINES; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY, BRAIN STEM; FEMALE; GLUCAGON; GLUCOSE CLAMP TECHNIQUE; HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE; HUMANS; HYDROCORTISONE; HYPOGLYCEMIA; INJECTIONS, INTRAVENOUS; INSULIN; LACTIC ACID; MALE; REACTION TIME;

EID: 0031014369     PISSN: 07423071     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199701)14:1<19::AID-DIA289>3.0.CO;2-0     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Gale EAM. In: Serrano Rios M, Lefèbvre PJ, eds. Diabetes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1985: 934-937.
2. The DCCT Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1995; 329: 377-386.
3. McIlwain H, Bachelard HS. Metabolism of the brain in situ. In: Biochemistry and the Central Nervous System, 5th edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1985: 7-29.
4. Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, Sullivan JM, Herrera MG, Cahill GF. Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest 1967; 46: 1589-1595.
5. Amiel SA, Archibald HR, Chusney G, Williams AJK, Gale EAM. Ketone infusion lowers hormonal responses to hypoglycaemia: evidence for acute cerebral utilisation of a non-glucose fuel. Clin Sci 1991; 81: 189-194.
6. Veneman T, Mitrakou A, Mokan M, Cryer P, Gerich J. The effect of hyperketonemia and hyperlacticacidemia on symptoms, cognitive dysfunction and counterregulatory hormone responses during hypoglycaemia in normal humans. Diabetes 1994; 43: 1311-1317.
7. Maran A, Cranston I, Lomas J, Macdonald I, Amiel SA. Protection by lactate of cerebral function during hypoglycaemia. Lancet 1994; 343: 16-20.
8. Hall JW III. Overview of auditory evoked responses: past, present and future. In: Handbook of Auditory Evoked Responses. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1990: 3-40
9. Jones TW, McCarthy C, Tamborlane WV, Caprio S, Roessler E, Kraemer, et al. Mild hypoglycaemia and impairment of brainstem and cortical evoked potentials in subjects. Diabetes 1990; 39: 1550-1555.
10. De Feo P, Gallai V, Mazzotta G, Crispino G, Torlone E, Perriello G, et al. Modest decrements in plasma glucose concentration cause early impairment in cognitive function and later activation of glucose couterregulation in the absence of hypoglycaemic symptoms in normal man. J Clin Invest 1988; 82: 436-444.
11. Tallroth G, Lindgren M, Senberg G, Rosen I, Agardh C-D. Neurophysiological changes during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and in the recovery period following glucose infusion in Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus and in normal man. Diabetologia 1990; 33: 319-323.
12. Kern W, Lieb K, Kerner W, Born J, Fehm HL. Differential effects of human and pork insulin mediated hypoglycaemia on neuronal functions in humans. Diabetes 1990; 39: 1091-1098.
13. Liu D, Moberg E, Kollind K, Lins PE, Macdonald IA. Arterial, arterialised venous and capillary blood glucose measurements in normal man during hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1992; 35: 287-290.
14. Macdonald IA, Lake DH. An improved technique for extracting catecholamines from body fluids. J Neurosci Methods 1985; 13: 239-240.
15. Drenich EJ, Alvanez LC, Tamas GC, Brickman AS. Resistance of symptomatic insulin reactions after fasting. J Clin Invest 1972; 51: 2757-2762.
16. Gottsein U, Müller W, Berghoff W, Gärtner H, Held K. Zur Utilisation von nicht -veresterten Fettsäuren und Ketonkörpern im Gerirn des Menschen. Klin Wschr 1971; 49: 406-411.
17. Flatt JP, Blackburn GL, Randers G, Stanburg JB. Effect of ketone body infusion on hypoglycaemic reactions in post absorptive dogs. Metabolism 1974; 23: 151-158.
18. Stricker E, Rowland N, Saller C. Homeostasis during hypoglycaemia: central control of adrenal secretion and peripheral control of feeding. Science 1977; 196: 79-81.
19. Berger M, Berchold P, Cüppers H J, Drost H, Kees HK, Müller WA, et al. Metabolic and hormonal effects of muscular exercise in juvenile type diabetes. Diabetologia 1977; 13: 355-365.
20. Kerr D, Macdonald IA, Tattersall RB. Influence of duration of hypoglycaemia on the hormonal counterregulatory response in normal subjects. J Clin Enocrinol Metab 1989; 68: 118-122.
21. Wise JK, Hendler R, Felig P. Evaluation of alpha cell function by infusion of alanine in normal and diabetic subjects. N Engl J Med 1973; 288: 487-490.
22. Heller SR, Cryer P. Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycaemia after 1 episode of hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic humans. Diabetes 1991; 40: 223-226.
23. Robinson A, Parkin H, Macdonald IA, Tattersall RB. Antecedent hypoglycaemia in non-diabetic subjects reduces the adrenaline response for 6 days but does not affect the catecholamine response to other stimuli. Clin Sci 1995; 89: 359-366.
24. Hoffman RG, Spedman DJ, Hinnen DA, Conley KL, Guthrie RA, Knapp RK. Changes in cortical functioning with acute hypoglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in Type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 1989; 12: 193-197.
25. Widom B, Simonson DC. Glycaemic control and neuropsychologic function during hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 904-912.
26. Amiel SA, Pottinger RC, Archibald HR, Chusney G, Cunnah DTF, Prior PF, et al. Effect of antecedent glucose control on cerebral function during hypoglycaemia. Diabetes Care 1991; 14: 109-118.
27. Fanelli CG, Epifano L, Rambotti AM, Pamanelli S, Di Vincenzo A, Modarelli F, et al. Meticulous prevention of hypoglycaemia normalises the glycaemic thresholds and magnitude of most of neuroendocrine responses to, symptoms of and cognitive function during hypoglycaemia in intensively treated patients with short term IDDM. Diabetes 1993; 42: 1683-1689.
28. Cranston I, Lomas J, Maran A Macdonald I, Amiel SA. Restoration of hypoglycaemia awareness in patients with long duration insulin dependent diabetes. Lancet 1994; 344: 283-287.
29. De Fronzo RA, Goodman AM, and the Multicenter Metformin Study Group. Efficacy of metformin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 541-549.
30. Stumvoll MS, Nurjhan N, Gabriele Perriello G, Dailey G, Gerich JE. Metabolic effects of metformin in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 550-554.
31. Searle GL, Siperstein MD. Lactic acidosis associated with phenformin therapy. Diabetes 1975; 24: 741-745.