Are the reactive oxygen-derived species (ROS) interactive properties of the many therapeutic drugs from various categories pertinent to their beneficial effects?

General Pharmacology

Volumn 28, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 169-175

  Cash, Christopher D ^a  

^a CENTRE DE NEUROCHIMIE   (France)

Author keywords

antioxidants; free radicals; reactive oxygen species; therapeutic drugs

Indexed keywords

AMBROXOL; AMITRIPTYLINE; AMLEXANOX; ANESTHETIC AGENT; ANIRACETAM; ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; ANTIPARKINSON AGENT; BIFEMELANE; CAPTOPRIL; CARDIOVASCULAR AGENT; CHLORPROMAZINE; CILAZAPRIL; CIMETIDINE; CINNARIZINE; ENALAPRIL; MEPACRINE; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; NOOTROPIC AGENT; PENTOXIFYLLINE; PIROXICAM; PROPRANOLOL; PROPYLTHIOURACIL; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SCAVENGER; TETRACYCLINE; TRANILAST; UNINDEXED DRUG;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; DRUG MECHANISM; HUMAN; INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; NONHUMAN; PATHOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANESTHETICS, GENERAL; ANIMALS; ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES; VASODILATOR AGENTS;

EID: 0031012557     PISSN: 03063623     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00285-6     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Abramson S., Korchak H., Ludewig R., Edelson H., Haines K., Levin R. I., Herman R., Rider L., Kimmel S. and Weissmann G. (1985) Modes of action of aspirin-like drugs. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 7227-7231.
2. Akamatsu H., Miyachi Y., Asada Y. and Niwa Y. (1991) Antioxidant action of amlexanox Jpn. Pharmac. Ther. 19, 79-84.
3. Aruoma O. L., Halliwell B., Hoey B. M. and Butler J. (1989) The antioxidant action of N-acetyl-cysteine: its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hyperchlorous acid. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 6, 593-597.
4. Aruoma O. L., Wasil M., Halliwell B., Hoey B. M. and Butler J. (1987) The scavenging of oxidants by sulphasarlizine and its metabolites: a possible contribution to their anti-inflammatory effects? Biochem. Pharmac. 36, 3739-3742.
5. Asahi M., Fujii J., Suzuki K., Seo H. G., Kuzuya T., Hori M., Tada M., Fuji S. and Taniguchi N. (1995) Inactivation of glutathione peroxidase by nitric oxide. Implication for cytotoxicity. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 21035-21039.
6. Beckman J. S., Beckman T. W., Chen J., Marshall P. A. and Freeman B. A. (1990) Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 1620-1624.
7. Bittolo-Bon G., Cazzolato G. and Avogadro P. (1994) Probucol protects low-density lipoproteins from in vitro and in vivo oxidation. Pharmac. Res. 29, 337-334.
8. Blake, D. R., Hall N. D., Bacon P. A., Dieppe P. A., Halliwell B. and Gutteridge J. M. C. (1983) Effect of a specific iron chelating agent on animal models of inflammation. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 42, 89-93.
9. Bolli R., Jerudi M. O., Patel B. S., Aruoma O. I., Halliwell B., Lai E. K. and McCay P. B. (1989) Marked reduction of free radical generation and contractile dysfunction by antioxidant therapy begun at the time of reperfusion. Circ. Res. 65, 607-622.
10. Boucher F. R., Schatz C. J., Guez D. M. and de Leiris J. G. (1992) Beneficial effect of indapamide in experimental myocardial ischemia. Am. J. Hypertens. 5, 22-25.
11. Braughler J. M. (1985) Lipid peroxidation-induced inhibition of γ-aminobutyric acid uptake in rat brain synaptosomes: protection by gluticocorticoids. J. Neurochem. 44, 1282-1288.
12. Breugnot C., Iliou J. P., Privat S., Robin F., Vilaine J. P. and Lenaers A. (1992) In vitro and ex vivo inhibition of the modification of low-density lipoprotein by indapamide. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmac. 20, 340-347.
13. Bridges A. B., Scott N. A. and Belch J. J. F. (1991) Probucol, a free radical scavenger in vitro. Atherosclerosis 89, 236-265.
14. Canto M. C. and Gurney M. E. (1995) Neuropathological changes in two lines of mice carrying a transgene for mutant human Cu,Zn SOD, and in mice overexpressing wild type human SOD: a model of familial amyrrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Brain Res. 676, 25-40.
15. Carrillo M. C., Kitani K., Kanai S., Sato Y., Miyaska K. and Ivy G. O. (1994) The effect of long term (6 months) treatment with (-)deprenyl on antioxidant enzyme activities in selective brain regions in old female Fischer 344 rats. Biochem. Pharmac. 47, 1333-1338.
16. Chen Q., Olashaw N. and Wu J. (1995) Participation of reactive oxygen species in the lysophossphatidic acid-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase pathway. J. Biol. Chem 270, 28499-28052.
17. Chen S. Y., Huo Q. L., Huang J. B., Chen Z. L., Shi X. H. and Liao X. L. (1995) Morphine inhibited respiratory burst of neutrophils and scavenged oxygen free radicals. Acta Pharmacol Sinca 16, 445-448.
18. 2 receptor antagonists as powerful hydroxyl radical scavengers. Chem.-Biol Interact. 86, 119-127.
19. Chopra M., Scott, N., McMurray J., MacLay J., Bridges A., Smith W. E. and Belch J. J. F. (1989) Captopril: a free radical scavenger. Br. J. Clin. Pharmac. 27, 396-399.
20. Ciuffi M., Gentilini G., Franchi-Micheli S. and Zilletti L. (1992) D-Penicillamine affects lipid peroxidation and iron content in the rat brain cortex. Neurochem. Res. 12, 1241-1246.
21. Colado M. I. and Green A. R. (1994) A study of the mechanism of MDMA ('Ecstasy')-induced neurotoxicity of 5-HT neurones using chlormethiazole, dizocilpine and other protective compounds. Br. J. Pharmac. 111, 131-136.
22. Constantin M., Bromont C., Fickat R. and Massingham R. (1990) Studies on the activity of bepredil as a scavenger of free radicals. Biochem. Pharmac. 40, 1615-1622.
23. Corey E. J.., Mukund M. and Khn A. U. (1987) Antiarthritic gold compounds effectively quench electronically excited singlet oxygen. Science 236, 68-69.
24. Cuthbert O., Simplins C. O., Ives N., Tate N. and Johnson M. (1985) Naloxone inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils. Life Sci. 37, 1381-1386.
25. De Cavanagh E. M. V., Inserra F., Ferder L., Romano L., Ercole L. and Fraga C. G. (1995) Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities are increased by enalapril and captopril in mouse liver. FEBS Lett. 361, 22-24.
26. De La Cruz J. P., Sintas A., Moreno A., Garcia-Campos J. and Sanchez De La Cuesta F. (1991) Dipyridamole and RA-642 inhibit the production of Superoxide anion and free radical damage to rat lens. Pharmac. Toxicol. 69, 201-204.
27. De La Cruz J. P., Villalobos M. A., Carrasco T., Smith-Agreda J. M. and Sanchez De La Cuesta F. (1992) The pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative RA-642 protects from brain injury in a combined model of permanent focal ischemia and global ischemia reperfusion. Brain Res. 597, 250-256.
28. Dinis T. C. P., Madeira V. M. C. and Almeida L. M. (1994) Action of phenolic derivatives (acetaminophen, salicylate, and 5-aminosalicylate) as inhibitors of membrane lipid peroxidation and as peroxyl radical scavengers. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 315, 161-169.
29. Duncan C. J. (1994) The role of oxygen radicals in ischaemia-reperfusion injury in heart. Med. Sci. Res. 22, 609-611.
30. Egan T. M., Minta J. O., Scrimgeour K. G. and Cooper J. D. (1988) Captopril - a potential free radical scavenger: inhibition of PMN NADPH oxidase Clin. Invest. Med. 11, 351-356.
31. Eisenberg S. (1993) The effects of probucol on the levels, structure, composition and metabolism of plasma lipoprotein in rats. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1167, 79-84.
32. Erikkson O., Pollesello P. and Saris N. E. L. (1992) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by rat liver mitochondria by the general anaesthetic propofol. Biochem. Pharmac. 44, 391-393.
33. Esterbauer H., Wäg G. and Puhl H. (1993) Lipid peroxidatoin and its role in atherosclerosis. Br. Med. Bull. 49, 566-576.
34. Fauré M., Lissi E. A. and Videla L. A. (1991) Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of thyroid hormones and propylthiouracil in the brain-homogenate autoxidation system and in the free radical-mediated oxidation of erythrocyte membranes. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 77, 173-185.
35. Fernandes A. C., Filipe P. M., Coelho H. and Manso C. F. (1991) The inhibition of lipid peroxidation by cinnarizine. Possible implications to its therapeutic and side effects. Biochem. Pharmac. 41, 709-714.
36. Freitas J. P. and Filipe P. M. (1995) Pentoxyfylline. A hydroxyl radical scavenger. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 47, 307-311.
37. Fukahori M., Ichimon K., Ishida H., Nakagawa H. and Okino H. (1994) Nitric oxide reversibly suppresses xanthine oxidase activity. Free Rad. Res. 4, 203-212.
38. Guarnier C. and Muscari C. (1988) Beneficial effects of trimetazidine on mitochondrial function and superoxide production in the cardiac muscle of monocrotaline-treated rats. Biochem. Pharmac. 24, 4685-4688.
39. Haclar G., Ersahin C. Moini H., Süngün M., Dogan N., Bilsen S., Emerk K. and Yalçin S. (1995) Protective effects of cilazapril against free radical injury in myocadial ischaemia-reperfusion. Pharmac. Res. 31, 33-36.
40. Hall E. D., McCall J. M. and Means E. D. (1994) Therapeutic potential of the lazaroids (21-aminosteroids) in acute central nervous system trauma, ischemia and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Adv. Pharmac. 28, 221-268.
41. Hall E. D. (1992) Novel inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation for neurodegenerative disorders. Ann. Neurol. 32, S137-S142.
42. Hamburger S. A. and McCay P. B. (1990) Spin trapping of ibuprofen radicals: evidence that ibuprofen is a hydroxyl radical scavenger. Free Rad. Res. Comm. 9, 337-342.
43. Hara S., Endo T., Kuriiwa F., Kano S. and Iwata N. (1992) Antioxidant effect of calmodulin antagonists in rat brain homogenate. Res. Commun. Chem. Pathol. Pharmac. 76, 367-370.
44. Harpey C., Clauser P., Labrid C., Freyria J. L. and Poirier J. P. (1989) Trimetazidine, a cellular anti-ischaemic agent. Cardiovasc. Drug. Rev. 6, 292-312.
45. Himori N., Suzuki T. and Ueno K. I. (1995) Aniracetam, a pyrrolidinone-type cognition enhancer, attenuates the hydroxyl free radical formation in the brain of mice with brain ischaemia. J. Pharm. Pharmac. 47, 253-258.
46. Hiramatsu M., Liu J., Edamatsu R., Ohba S., Kadowaki D. and Mori A. (1994) Probucol scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and inhibited formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 16, 201-206.
47. Hoque A. N. E., Nasa Y. and Abico Y. (1993) Caridoprotective effect of d-propranolol in ischemic-reperfused isolated rat hearts. Eur. J. Pharmac. 236, 269-277.
48. Hoshi, K., Yamamoto A. and Fujino S. (1992) Changes in the rat brain lipid peroxidation by phenobarbital, amitriptyline, chlorpromazine or perphenazine. Res. Commun. Psychol. Psychiatry Behav. 17, 39-44.
49. Iuliano L., Violi F., Ghiselli A., Alessandri C. and Balsano F. (1989) Dipyridamole inhibits lipid peroxidation and scavenges oxygen radicals. Lipids 24, 430-433.
50. Janero D. R. and Burghardt B. (1989) Antiperoxidant effects of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. Biochem. Pharmac. 38, 4344-4348.
51. Janero D. R., Burghardt B. and Lopez R. (1988) Protection of cardiolipid membrane phospholipid against oxidative injury by calcium antagonists. Biochem. Pharmac. 37, 4197-4203.
52. Janero D. R., Lopez R., Pittman J. and Burghardt B. (1989) Propranolol as xanthine oxidase inhibitor: implications for antioxidant activity. Life Sci. 44, 1579-1588.
53. 2-. production by chelating copper. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 290, 463-467.
54. Jellum E. and Munthe E. (1982) Fate of thiomalate part after intramuscular administration of aurothiomalate in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 41, 431-432.
55. Kochs E., Hoffman W. E., Werner C., Thomas C., Albrecht R. F. and Esch J. S. (1992) The effects of propofol on brain electrical activity, neurologic outcome, and neuronal damage following incomplete ischemia in rats. Anesthesiology 76, 245-252.
56. Koerner J. E., Anderson B. A. and Dage R. C. (1991) Protection against postischemic myocardial dysfunction in anesthetized rabbits with scavengers of oxygen-derived free radicals: superoxide dismutase plus catalase, N-2-mercaptopropionyl glycine and captopril. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmac. 17, 185-191.
57. Kumuda C. D. and Misra H. P. (1992) Antiarrhythmic agents. Scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and inhibitors of NADP-dependent lipid peroxidation in bovine lung microsomes. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 19172-19178.
58. Lapenna D., de Gioia S., Ciofani G., Festi D. and Cuccurullo F. (1996) Antoxidant properties of omeprazole. FEBS Lett. 392, 189-192.
59. Lavyne M. H., Hairi R. J., Tankosic T. and Babak T. (1983) Effect of low dose γ-butyrolactone therapy on forebrain neuronal ischemia in the unrestrained, awake rat. Neurosurgery 12, 430-434.
60. Liu J., Ogawa N., Wang X. and Mori A. (1991) Free radical scavenging by bifemelane hydrochloride and its major metabolites. Arch. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 311, 177-187.
61. Liu Y., Rosenthal R. E., Starke-Reed P. and Fiskum G. (1993) Inhibition of postcardiac arrest brian protein oxidation by acetyl-L-carnitine. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 15, 667-670.
62. Lysko P. G., Lysko K. A., Yue T. L, Christine L., Webb M. S., Gu J. L. and Feuerstein G. (1992) Neuroprotective effects of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive agent, in cultured rat cerebellar neurones and in gerbil global ischemia. Stroke 23, 1630-1636.
63. Maffei R., Carini M., Aldini G., Saibene L. and Morelli R. (1995) Differential inhibition of superoxide, hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals by nimesulide and its main metabolite 4-hydroxynimesulide. Drug. Res. 45, 1102-1109.
64. Mak I. T. and Weglicki W. B. (1992) Membrane antiperoxidative activities of D-propranolol, L-propranolol and dimethyl quanternary propranolol (UM-272). Pharmac. Res. 25, 25-30.
65. Malins D. C., Polissar N. L. and Gunselman S. J. (1996) Progression of human breast cancers to the metastatic state is linked to hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 93, 2557-2563.
66. Mansuy D., Sassi A., Dansette P. M. and Plat M. (1986) A new potent inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in vitro and in vivo, the hepatoprotective drug anisyldithiolthione. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 135, 1015-1021.
67. McCord J. M. (1974) Free radicals and inflammation: protection of synovial fluid by superoxide dismutase. Science 185, 529-530.
68. McLean L. R. and Hagaman K. A. (1989) Effect of probucol on the physical properties on low-density lipoproteins oxidized by copper. Biochem. J. 28, 321-327.
69. Miura T., Muraoka S. and Ogiso T. (1995) Protective effects of β-blockers against 2,2′-azo-bis(2-aminopropane)-dihydrochloride-induced damage. Chemico-Biol. Interact. 97, 25-35.
70. Miyachi Y. Yoshioka A., Imamura S. and Niwa Y. (1986a) Antioxidant action of antimalarials. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 45, 244-248.
71. Miyachi Y., Yoshioka A., Imamura S. and Niwa Y. (1986b) Effect of antibiotics on the generation of reactive oxygen species. J. Invest. Dermatol. 86, 499-453.
72. Miyachi Y., Yoshioka A., Imamura S. and Niwa Y. (1987a) Antioxidant effects of gold compounds. Br. J. Dermatol. 116, 39-46.
73. Miyachi Y., Yoshioka A., Imamura S. and Niwa Y. (1987b) The effect of tranilast of the generation of reactive oxygen species. J. Pharmacobio-Syn. 10, 255-259.
74. Moncada S. (1994) Nitric oxide. J. Hypertens. 12, S35-S39.
75. Nowak D., Antczak A., Król M., Bialasiewicz P. and Pietras T. (1994) Antioxidant properties of ambroxol. Free. Rad. Biol. Med. 16, 517-522.
76. Oishi T., Hasegawa E. and Murai Y. (1993) Sulfydryl drugs reduce neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,3-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in the mouse. J. Neural. Trans. 6, 45-52.
77. Okezie I. and Halliwell B. (1988) The iron-binding and hydroxyl radical scavenging action of anti-inflammatory drugs. Xenobiotica 18, 459-470.
78. Orrenius S., Burkitt M. J., Kass G. E. N., Dypbukt J. M. and Nicotera P. (1992) Calcium ions and oxidative cell injury. Ann. Neurol. 32, S33-S34.
79. Pavlík A. and Pilar J. (1989) Protection of cell proteins against free-radical attack by nootropic drugs: scavenger effect of pyritinol confirmed by electron spring resonance spectroscopy. Neuropharmacology 28, 557-561.
80. Pavlovich D., Uzunova P., Galabbova T., Peneva V., Socolova Z., Kotaccevic D., Tsanev R., Petty M. A., Dow J., Grisa J. M. and De Jong W. (1991) Effect of a cardioselective α-tocopheral analogue on reperfusion injury in rats induced by myocardial ischaemia. Eur. J. Pharmac. 192, 383-388.
81. Pierrefiche G., Topall G., Henriet I. and Laborit H. (1991) Protective effects of gammahydroxybutyrate on alloxan induced diabetes in mice. Res. Commun. Pathol. Pharmac. 71, 309-319.
82. Prasad K. and Laxdal V. A. (1994) Hydroxyl radical-scavenging property of indomethacin. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 136, 139-144.
83. Rauhala P., Mohanakumar K. P., Sziraki I., Lin A. M. Y. and Chiueh C. C. (1996) S-nitrosothiols and nitric oxide, but not sodium nitroprusside, protect nigrostiatal dopamine neurones against iron-induced oxidative stress in vivo. Synapse 23, 58-60.
84. Rekka E., Mannhold R. M., Bast A. and Timmerman H. (1990) Molecular pharmacological aspects of antiarrhythmic activity 1. Class I and class III compounds and lipid peroxidation. Biochem. Pharmac. 39, 95-100.
85. Ribarov S. (1991) Paracetamol as a radical scavenger. J. Clin. Nutr. 11, 171-182.
86. Robinson J., Watson F., Bucknall R. C. and Edwards S. W. (1992) Activation of neutrophil reactive-oxidant production by synovial fluid from patients with inflammatory joint disease. Soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates activate different pathways in primed and unprimed cells. Biochem. J. 286, 345-351.
87. 2-. Implication for the action of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Free Rad. Res. Commun. 10, 221-226.
88. Schewe T. (1995) Molecular actions of ebselen - an antiinflammatory antioxidant. Gen. Pharmac. 26, 1153-1169.
89. Schmut O. and Hofmann H. (1985) Studies on the activity of Bendalina® (bendazac L-lysine salt) as a scavenger of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 21, 819-822.
90. Schreck R. and Baeuerle P. A. (1991) A role for oxygen radicals as second messengers. Trends Cell Biol. 1, 39-42.
91. Scott N. A., Jennings P. E., Brown J. and Belch J. J. F. (1991) Gliclazide: a general free radical scavenger. Eur. J. Pharmac. 208, 175-177.
92. Shimada O. and Yasuda H. (1977) Lipid peroxidation and its inhibition by tinoridine. 1. Lipid peroxidation-induced disintegration of microsomal membrane and cytochrome P-450 in rat liver. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 489, 163-172.
93. Shimada O. and Yasuda H. (1986) Hydroxyl radical scavenging action of tinoridine. Agents Actions 19, 208-214.
94. Squadrito G. L. and Pryor W. A. (1995) The formation of peroxynitrite in vivo from nitric oxide and superoxide. Chemico-Biol. Interact. 96, 203-206.
95. Suno M. and Nagaoka A. (1984) Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by a novel compound, idebenone (CV-2619). Jpn. Pharmac. 35, 196-198.
96. Tada N., Mochizuki S., Takayama T., Yabe H., Seki S., Taniguchi M. and Nagano M. (1992) Protective effect of probucol on ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias in the rat heart. Can. J. Caridol. 8, 975-980.
97. Tamura A., Sato T. and Fujii T. (1990) Antioxidant activity of indapamide and its metabolite. Chem. Pharm. Bull 38, 255-257.
98. Tanaka M., Sotomatsu A., Yoshida T. and Hirai S. (1995) Inhibitory effects of bromocriptine on phospholipid peroxidation induced by DOPA and iron. Neurosci. Lett. 183, 116-119.
99. Taylor J. J., Wilson R. L. and Kendall-Taylor P. (1984) Evidence for direct interactions between methimazole and free radicals. FEBS Lett. 176, 337-340.
100. 2+ concentrations. J. Neurochem. 66, 2057-2066.
101. Ward P. A., Warren J. S. and Johnson K. J. (1988) Oxygen radicals, inflammation, and tissue injury. Free Rad. Biol. Med. 5, 403-408.
102. Wendl A., Jaeschhke H. and Gloger M. (1982) Drug-induced lipid peroxidation in mice-II. Protection against paracetamol-induced liver necrosis by intravenous liposomally entrapped glutathione. Biochem. Pharamac. 31, 3601-3605.
103. Williams J. O. and Hallett M. B. (1989) The reaction of 5-amino-salicylate with hypochlorite. Implications for its mode of action in inflammatory bowel disease. Biochem. Pharmac. 38, 149-154.
104. Wiseman H., Laughton M. J., Arnstein H. R. V., Cannon M. and Halliwell B. (1990) The antioxidant action of tamoxifen and its metabolites. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation. FEBS Lett. 263, 192-194.
105. Yasuda H., Shimada O., Nakajima A. and Asano T. (1981) Cerebral protective effect and radical scavenging action. J. Neurochem. 37, 934-938.
106. Yoshida Y., Sotomatsu A., Tanaka M. and Hirai S. (1994) Inhibitory effect of bifemelane on superoxide generation by activated neutrophils measured using a simple chemiluminescence method. Free Rad. Res. 21, 371-376.
107. Yoshikawa T., Minamiyana Y., Naito Y. and Kondo M. (1994) Antioxidant properties of bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist. J. Neurochem. 62, 1034-1038.
108. Yoshikawa T., Naito Y. and Kondo M. (1993) Free radical scavenging activity of the novel anti-ulcer agent rebamipide studied by electron spin resonance. Drug Res. 43, 363-366.
109. Yue T. L., McKenna P. J., Ruffolo R. R. and Feuerstein G. (1992a) Carvedilol, a new β-adrenoreceptor antagonist and vasodilator antihypertensive drug, inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophiles. Eur. J. Pharmac. 214, 277-280.
110. Yue T. L., Cheng H. Y., Lysko P. G., McKenna P. J., Feuerstein R., Gu J. L., Lysko K. A., Davis L. L. and Feuerstein G. (1992b) Carvedilol, a new vasodilator and beta adrenoreceptor antagonist, is an antioxidant and free radical scavenger. J. Pharmac. Exp. Ther. 262, 92-98.
111. Yue G., Sun F. F., Dunn C., Yin K., and Won P. Y-K. (1996) The 21-amino-steroid tirilazid mesylate can ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease in rats. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 276, 265-270.
112. Yue T. L., Wang X., Gu J. L., Ruffolo R. R. and Feuerstein G. Z. (1995) Carvedilol prevents low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-enhanced monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells by inhibition of LDL oxidation. Eur. J. Pharmac. 294, 585-591.
113. Zentella de Piña M., Hernández-Tobas A., Saldaña-Balmori Y., Díaz-Belmont A. and Piña E. (1992) Biochemical ethanol effects affected by a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. FEBS Lett. 298, 123-125.