Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression by insulin-like growth factor I in a cultured GnRH-expressing neuronal cell line

Molecular Endocrinology

Volumn 11, Issue 8, 1997, Pages 1145-1155

  Zhen, Shanjun ^a   Zakaria, Marjorie ^a   Wolfe, Andrew ^a   Radovick, Sally ^a  

^a BOSTON CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GONADORELIN; SOMATOMEDIN C;

ANIMAL CELL; ARTICLE; CELL PROLIFERATION; DNA SYNTHESIS; GENE EXPRESSION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION; HORMONAL REGULATION; NERVE CELL CULTURE; NONHUMAN; ONCOGENE C FOS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EID: 0031011236     PISSN: 08888809     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1210/mend.11.8.9956     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Merchanthaler I, Gorcs T, Setalo G, Petrusz P, Flerko B 1984 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and pathways in the rat brain. Cell Tissue Res 237:15-29
2. Silverman AJ 1988 The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal systems: immunocytochemistry. In: Knobil E, Neill JD (eds) The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 1283-1304
3. Wray S, Gant P, Gainer H 1989 Evidence that cells expressing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone mRNA in the mouse are derived from progenitor cells in the olfactory placode. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86:8132-8136
4. Mellon PL, Windle JJ, Goldsmith PC, Padula CA, Roberts JL, Weiner RI 1990 Immortalization of hypothalamic GnRH neurons by genetically targeted tumorigenesis. Neuron 5:1-10
5. Radovick S, Wray S, Lee E, Nichols DK, Nakayama Y, Weintraub BD, Westphal H, Cutler GB, Wondisford FE 1991 Migratory arrest of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons in transgenic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:3402-3406
6. Radovick S 1992 Characterization, expression, and estradiol regulation of the human GnRH gene. In: Conn PM, Crowley Jr WF (eds) Models of Action of GnRH and GnRH Analogs. Seronon Symposia, USA. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 85-105
7. Zhen S, Dunn IC, Wray S, Chappel PE, Levine JE, Radovick S 1997 An alternative gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) RNA splicing product found in cultured GnRH neurons and mouse hypothalamus. J Biol Chem 272:12620-12625
8. Matus A, Bernhardt R, Jones HJ 1981 High molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins are preferentially associated with dendritic microtubules in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:3010-3014
9. Mavilia C, Couchie D, Mattei MG, Nivez MP, Nunez J 1993 High and low molecular weight τ proteins are differentially expressed from a single gene. J Neurochem 61:1073-1081
10. Fischer I, Richter-Landsberg C, Safaei R 1991 Regulation of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells. Exp Cell Res 194:195-201
11. Ayer-LeLievre C, Stahlbom P-A, Sara VR 1991 Expression of IGF-1 and -II mRNA in the brain and craniofacial region of the rat fetus. Development 111:105-115
12. Bondy C, Werner H, Roberts Jr CT, LeRoith D 1992 Cellular pattern of type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor gene expression during maturation of the rat brain: comparison with insulin-like growth factors I and II. Neuroscience 46:909-923
13. Duenas M, Luquin S, Chowen JA, Torres-Aleman I, Naftolin F, Garcia-Segura LM 1994 Gonadal hormone regulation of insulin-like growth factor-1-like immunoreactivity in hypothalamic astroglia of developing and adult rats. Neuroendocrinology 59:528-538
14. Hiney JK, Srivastava V, Nyberg CL, Ojeda SR, Dees WL 1996 Insulin-like growth factor 1 of peripheral origin acts centrally to accelerate the initiation of female puberty. Endocrinology 137:3717-3728
15. Hiney JK, Ojeda SR, Dees WL 1991 Insulin-like growth factor 1: a possible metabolic signal involved in the regulation of female puberty. Neuroendocrinology 54:420-423
16. Olson BR, Scott DC, Wetsel WC, Elliot SJ, Tomic M, Stojilkovic S, Nieman LK, Wray S 1995 Effects of insulin-like growth factors I and II and insulin on the immortalized hypothalamic GT1-7 cell line. Neuroendocrinology 62:155-165
17. Juul A, Bang P, Hertel NT, Main K, Dalgaard P, Jorgensen K, Muller J, Hall K, Skakkebaek NE 1995 Serum insulin-like growth factor-I in 1030 healthy children, adolescents, and adults: relation to age, sex, stage of puberty, testicular size, and body mass index. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 78:744-752
18. Soldani R, Cagnacci A, Paoletti AM, Yen SS, Melis GB 1995 Modulation of anterior pituitary luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone by insulin-like growth factor I in vitro. Fertil Steril 64:634-637
19. Soldani R, Cagnacci A, Yen SS 1994 Insulin, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and IGF-II enhance basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Eur J Endocrinol 131:641-645
20. Ullrich A, Gray A, Tam AW, Yan-Feng T, Tsubokawa M, Collins C 1986 Insulin-like growth factor I receptor primary structure: comparison with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity. EMBO J 5:2503-2512
21. Sun XJ, Rothenberg PL, Kahn CR, Backer JM, Araki E, Wilden PA, Cahill DA, Goldstein BJ, White MF 1991 Structure of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 defines a unique signal transduction protein. Nature 352:73-77
22. Myers Jr MG, Wang L-M, Sun XJ, Zhang Y, Yenush LP, Schlessinger J, Pierce JH, White MF 1994 Role of IRS-1-GRB-2 complexes in insulin signaling. Mol Cell Biol 14:3577-3587
23. Skolnik EY, Lee CH, Batzer AG, Vicentini LM, Zhou M, Daly RJ, Myers Jr MG, Backer JM, Ullrich A, White MF, Schlessinger J 1993 The SH2/SH3 domain-containing protein GRB2 interacts with tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS1 and She: implications for insulin control of ras signalling. EMBO J 12:1929-1936
24. Ginty DD, Bonni A, Greenberg ME 1994 Nerve growth factor activates a Ras-dependent protein kinase that stimulates c-fos transcription via phosphorylation of CREB. Cell 77:713-725
25. +-dependent routes to Ras: mechanisms for neuronal survival, differentiation, and plasticity? Neuron 16:233-236
26. Zakaria M, Dunn IC, Zhen S, Su E, Smith E, Patriquin E, Radovick S 1996 Phorbol ester regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene in GnRH-secreting cell lines: a molecular basis of species differences. Mo Endocrinol 10:1282-1291
27. Seth A, Gonzalez FA, Gupta S, Raden DL, Davis RJ 1992 Signal transduction within the nucleus by mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 267:24796-24804
28. Clark-Lewis I, Sanghera JS, Pelech SL 1991 Definition of a consensus sequence for peptide substrate recognition by p44mpk, the meiosis-activated myelin basic protein kinase. J Biol Chem 266:15180-15184
29. Xu B, Bird VG 1995 Substrate specificities of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor tyrosine kinase catalytic domains. J Biol Chem 270:29825-29830
30. Knobil E 1980 The neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle. Recent Prog Horm Res 36:53-58
31. Curran T, Morgan JI 1995 Fos: an immediate-early transcription factor in neurons. J Neurobiol 26:403-412
32. Zhen S, Su E, Zakaria M, Radovick S, The role of immediate-early genes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons on the control of the onset of puberty. Program of the 10th International Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA, 1996, p1-346
33. MaYJ, Junier MP, Costa ME, Ojeda SR 1992 Transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression in the hypothalamus is developmentally regulated and linked to sexual maturation. Neuron 9:657-670
34. Ojeda SR, Urbanski HF 1988 Puberty in rat. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 1699-1737
35. Carson MJ, Behringer RR, Brinster RL, McMorris FA 1993 Insulin-like growth factor I increases brain growth and central nervous system myelination in transgenic mice. Neurons 10:729-740
36. Baker J, Liu J-P, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A 1993 Role of insulin-like growth factors in embryonic and postnatal growth. Cell 75:73-82
37. Cooper JA, Sefton BM, Hunter T 1984 Diverse mitogenic agents induce the phosphorylation of two related 42,000-dalton proteins on tyrosine in quiescent chick cells. Mol Cell Biol 4:30-37
38. Liu J-P, Baker J, Perkins AS, Robertson EJ, Efstratiadis A 1993 Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (igf1r). Cell 75:59-72
39. Tsai P-S, Werner S, Weiner RI 1995 Basic fibroblast growth factor is a neurotropic factor in GT1 gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuronal cell lines. Endocrinology 136:3831-3838
40. Junier M-P, Ma YJ, Costa ME, Hill DF, Ojeda SR 1991 Transforming growth factor a contributes to the mechanism by which hypothalamic injury induces precocious puberty. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:9743-9747
41. Dutlow CM, Rachman J, Jacobs TW, Millar RP 1992 Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats. J Clin Invest 90:2496-2501
42. Ojeda SR, Urbanski HF 1988 Puberty in rat. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 1699-1737
43. Plant TM 1988 Puberty in primates. In: Knobil E, Neill J (eds) The Physiology of Reproduction. Raven Press, New York, pp 1763-1789
44. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ 1951 Protein measurements with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265-275
45. Sheng M, Greenberg ME 1990 The regulation and function of c-fos and other immediate early genes in the nervous system. Neuron 4:477-485
46. Cavigelli M, Dolfi F, Claret FX, Karin M 1995 Induction of c-fos expression through JNK-mediated TCF/Elk-1 phosphorylation. EMBO J 14:5957-5964
47. Lee W-S, Abbud R, Smith MS, Hoffman GE 1992 LHRH neurons express cJun protein during the proestrous surge of luteinizing hormone. Endocrinology 130: 3101-3103
48. Minden A, Lin A, Claret FX, Abo A, Karin M 1995 Selective activation of the JNK signaling cascade and c-Jun transcriptional activity by the small GTPases Rac and Cdc42Hs. Cell 81:1147-1157
49. Hoffman GE, Smith MS, Verbalis JG 1993 c-Fos and related immediate early gene products as markers of activity in neuroendocrine systems. Front Neuroendocrinol 14:173-213
50. Eraly SA, Mellon PL 1995 Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone transcription by protein kinase C is mediated by evolutionary conserved promoter-proximal elements. Mol Endocrinol 9:848-859
51. Wetsel WC, Eraly SA, Whyte DB, Mellon PL 1993 Regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by protein kinase-A and -C in immortalized hypothalamic neurons. Endocrinology 132:2360-2370
52. Bruder JM, Krebs WD, Nett TM, Wierman ME 1992 Phorbol ester activation of the protein kinase C pathway inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene expression. Endocrinology 131:2552-2558
53. Kepa JK, Wang C, Neeley CI, Raynolds MV, Gordon DF, Wood WW, Wierman ME 1992 Structure of the rat gonadotropin-releasing hormone (rGnRH) gene promoter and functional analysis in hypothalamic cells. Nucleic Acids Res 20:1393-1399
54. Scatchard G 1949 The attractions of proteins for small molecules and ions. Ann NY Acad Sci 51:660-672
55. Radovick S, Wondisford FE, Nakayama Y, Yamada M, Cutler GB, Weintraub BD 1990 Isolation and characterization of the human gonadotropin-releasing hormone gene in the hypothalamus and placenta. Mol Endocrinol 4:476-480
56. Adelman JP, Mason AJ, Hayflick JS, Seeburg PH 1986 Isolation of the gene and hypothalamic cDNA for the common precursor of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and prolactin release-inhibiting factor in human and rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:179-183
57. de Wet J, Wood KV, DeLuca M, Helinski DR, Subramini S 1987 Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol Endocrinol 7:725-737
58. Beitner-Johnson D, Blakesley VA, Shen-Orr Z, Jimenez M, Stannard B, Wang LM, Pierce J, LeRoith D 1996 The proto-oncogene product c-Crk associates with insulin receptor substrate-1 and 4PS. Modulation by insulin growth factor-I (IGF) and enhanced IGF-I signaling, J Biol Chem 271:9287-9290
59. Schreiber E, Matthias P, Muller MM, Schaffner W 1989 Rapid detection of octamer binding proteins with "mini-extract" prepared from a small number of cells. Nucleic Acids Res 17:6419