Whatever happened to the fun? An autobiographical investigation

Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure

Volumn 26, Issue , 1997, Pages 1-25

  Richards, Frederic M ^a  

^a YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Autobiographical sketch; Interfaces; Proteins; Solid state; Solutions

Indexed keywords

MEMBRANE PROTEIN; RIBONUCLEASE;

GOVERNMENT; LIFE EVENT; LITERATURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; RADIATION SCATTERING; RESEARCH; REVIEW;

AUTOBIOGRAPHY; BIOCHEMISTRY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; PORTRAITS; PROTEINS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 0031009236     PISSN: 10568700     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.26.1.1     Document Type: Review

References (37)

1. Barinaga M. 1989. The missing crystallography data. Science 245:1179-81
2. Bishop WH, Richards FM. 1968. Isoelectric point of a protein in the crosslinked crystalline state. J. Mol. Biol. 33:415-21
3. Brunner J, Senn H, Richards FM. 1980. 3-Trifluoromethyl-3-phenyl-diazirine: a new carbene generating group for photolabeling reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 255:3313-18
4. Connolly ML. 1983. Analytical molecular surface calculation. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 16:548-58
5. Delfino JM, Stankovic CJ, Schreiber SL, Richards FM. 1987. Synthesis of a bipolar phosphatidylethanolamine: a model compound for a membrane spanning probe. Tetrahedron Lett. 28:2323-30
6. Doscher MS, Richards FM. 1963. The activity of an enzyme in the crystalline state: Ribonuclease-S. J. Biol. Chem. 238:2399-406
7. Fox RO, Richards FM. 1982. A voltage-gated ion channel model inferred from the crystal structure of alamethicin at 1.5 Å resolution. Nature 300:325-30
8. Heitzmann H, Richards FM. 1974. Use of the avidin-biotin complex for specific staining of biological membranes in electron microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71:3537-41
9. Hellinga HW, Richards FM. 1991. Construction of new ligand binding sites in proteins of known structure. I. Computer-aided modelling of sites with predefined geometry. J. Mol. Biol. 222:763-85
10. Hellinga HW, Richards FM. 1994. An analysis of packing in the protein folding problem. Optimal sequence selection in proteins of known structure by simulated evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:5803-7
11. Huang C-K, Richards FM. 1977. Reaction of a lipid-soluble, unsymmetrical, cleavable, cross-linking reagent with muscle aldolase and erythrocyte membrane proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 252:5514-21
12. Klee WA, Richards FM. 1957. The reaction of O-methylisourea with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 299:489-504
13. Kundrot CE, Richards FM. 1987. Crystal structure of hen egg-white lysozyme at a hydrostatic pressure of 1000 atm. J. Mol. Biol. 193:157-70
14. Lee B, Richards FM. 1971. The interpretation of protein structures: estimation of static accessibility. J. Mol. Biol. 55:379-400
15. 2H enrichments. In Symposium on Thioredoxin and Glutaredoxin Systems: Structure and Function, ed. A Holmgren, C-I Branden, H Jornvall, B-M Sjoberg, pp. 67-76. New York: Raven. 411 pp.
16. Low BW, Richards FM. 1952. The use of the gradient tube for the determination of crystal densities. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 74:1660-66
17. Maechling C Jr. 1992. The laboratory is not a courtroom. Issues Sci. Technol. Spring 1992:73-77
18. Ponder JW, Richards FM. 1987. Tertiary template for proteins: use of packing criteria in the enumeration of allowed sequences for different structural classes. J. Mol. Biol. 193:775-81
19. Quiocho FA, Richards FM. 1964. Intermolecular cross linking of a protein in the crystalline state Carboxypeptidase-A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 52:833-39
20. Richards FM. 1953. A microbalance for the determination of protein crystal densities. Rev. Sci. Instr. 24:1029-34
21. Richards FM. 1955. On an active intermediate produced during the digestion of ribonuclease by subtilisin. Compt. Rend. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. Chim. 29:329-46
22. Richards FM. 1958. On the enzymic activity of subtilisin-modified ribonuclease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 44:162-66
23. Richards FM. 1968. The matching of physical models to three-dimensional electrondensity maps: a simple optical device. J. Mol. Biol. 37:225-30
24. Richards FM. 1974. The interpretation of protein structures: total volume, group volume distributions and packing density. J. Mol. Biol. 82:1-14
25. Richards FM. 1979. Packing defects, cavities, volume fluctuations, and access to the interior of proteins. Including some general comments on surface area and protein structure. Carlsberg Res. Commun. 44:47-63
26. Richards FM. 1985. Optical matching of physical models and electron density maps: Early developments. Methods Enzymol. 115:145-54
27. Richards FM. 1992. Linderstrøm-Lang and the Carlsberg Laboratory: the view of a postdoctoral fellow in 1954. Protein Sci. 1:1721-30
28. Richards FM, Lim WA. 1994. An analysis of packing in the protein folding problem. Quart. Rev. Biophys. 26:423-98
29. Richards FM, Vithayathil PJ. 1960. Peptide-protein interactions in ribonuclease-S. Brookhaven Symp. Biol. 13:115-34
30. Richards FM, Wyckoff HW, Allewell NM. 1970. The origin of specificity in binding: a detailed example in a protein-nucleic acid interaction. In The Neurosciences, ed. FO Schmitt, pp. 901-12. New York: Rockefeller University. 1068 pp.
31. Richmond TJ. 1984. Solvent accessible surface area and excluded volume in proteins: analytical equations for overlapping spheres and implications for the hydrophobic effect. J. Mol. Biol. 178:63-89
32. Staros JV, Richards FM. 1974. Photochemical labeling of the surface proteins of human erythrocytes. Biochemistry 13:2720-26
33. Varadarajan R, Richards FM, Connelly PR. 1990. Proteins: the hard sphere, structure and energetics. Curr. Sci. 59:819-24
34. Wang K, Richards FM. 1974. An approach to nearest neighbor analysis of membrane proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 249:8005-18
35. Wilchek M, Bayer EA, eds. 1990. Avidin-Biotin Technology. Methods Enzymol. 184: 746
36. Wyckoff HW, Doscher M, Tsernoglou D, Inagami T, Johnson LN, et al. 1967. Design of a diffractometer and flow cell system for X-ray analysis of crystalline proteins with applications to the crystal chemistry of ribonuclease-S. J. Mol. Biol. 27:563-78
37. Wyckoff HW, Hardman KD, Allewell NM, Inagami T, Johnson LN, Richards FM. 1967. The structure of ribonuclease-S at 3.5 Å resolution. J. Biol. Chem. 242:3984-88