Damage occurs early in systemic vasculitis and is an index of outcome

QJM: An International Journal of Medicine

Volumn 90, Issue 6, 1997, Pages 391-399

  Exley, A R ^a,c,e   Carruthers, D M ^c   Luqmani, R A ^c,d   Kitas, G D ^c   Gordon, C ^c   Janssen, B A ^c   Savage, C O S ^b   Bacon, P A ^c  

^a Birmingham Vasculitis Group   (United Kingdom)

^b Department of Nephrology ^*  (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH   (United Kingdom)

^e UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; DISEASE COURSE; FATALITY; HUMAN; LUNG INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; SYSTEMIC VASCULITIS;

EID: 0031006128     PISSN: 00335622     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/90.6.391     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Rose GA, Spencer H. Polyarteritis nodosa. Q J Med 1957; 26:26-43.
2. Novack SN, Pearson CM. Cyclophosphamide therapy in Wegener' s granulomatosis. N Engl J Med 1971; 284:938-42.
3. Fauci AS, Haynes BF, Katz P, Wolff SM. Wegener's granulomatosis: prospective clinical and therapeutic experience with 85 patients for 21 years. Ann Intern Med 1983; 98:76-85.
4. Bacon PA, Moots RJ, Exley AR, Luqmani R, Rasmussen N. Vital assessment of vasculitis. Clin Exp Rheum 1995; 13:275-78.
5. Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Moots RJ, Janssen BA, Pall A, Emery P, Savage, C, Adu D. Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Q J Med 1994; 87:671-8.
6. Gordon M, Luqmani RA, Adu D, Greaves I, Richards N, Michael J, Emery, P, Howie AJ, Bacon PA. Relapses in patients with a systemic vasculitis. Q J Med 1993; 86:779-89.
7. Hoffman GS, Kerr GS, Leavitt RY, Hallahan CW, Lebovics RS, Travis WD, Rottem M, Fauci AS. Wegener granulomatosis: an analysis of 158 patients [see comments]. Ann Intern Med 1992; 116:488-98.
8. Exley AR, Bacon PA, Luqmani RA, Kitas GD, Gordon C, Savage COS, Adu D. Development and Initial Validation of the Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) for the standardised clinical assessment of damage in the systemic vasculitides. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40:371-80.
9. Pincus T, Stein CM. What is the best source of useful data on the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: clinical trials, clinical observations, or clinical protocols? J Rheumatol 1995; 22:1611-17.
10. Hunder GG, Arend WP, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Fauci AS, Fries JF, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW, Masi AT, McShane DJJ Michel BA, Mills JA, Stevens MB, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of vasculitis - introduction. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1065-7.
11. Scott DGI, Bacon PA. Intravenous cyclophosphamide plus methylprednisolone in treatment of systemic rheumatoid vasculitis. Am J Med 1984; 76:377-84.
12. Masi AT, Hunder GG, Lie Jt, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lightfoot RW, McShane DJ, Mills JA, Stevens MB, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of Churg-Strauss-syndrome (allergic granulomatosis and angiitis). Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1094-100.
13. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Stevens MB, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Mills JA, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria For The Classification Of Giant-Cell Arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1122-8.
14. Mills JA, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Calabrese LH, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Stevens MB, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of Henoch-Schonlein Purpura. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1114-21.
15. Lightfoot RW, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Zvaifler NJ, McShane DJ, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Masi AT, Mills JA, Stevens MB, Wallace SL. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of polyarteritis-nodosa. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1088-93.
16. Arend WP, Michel BA, Bloch DA, Hunder GG, Calabrese LH, Edworthy SM, Fauci AS, Leavitt RY, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Mills JA, Stevens MB, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1129-34.
17. Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Bloch DA, Michel BA, Hunder GG, Arend WP, Calabrese LH, Fries JF, Lie JT, Lightfoot RW, Masi AT, McShane DJ, Mills JA, Stevens MB, Wallace SL, Zvaifler NJ. The American-College-Of-Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the classification of Wegener granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33:1101-7.
18. Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Andrassy K, Bacon PA, Churg J, Gross WL, Hagen, EC, Hoffman GS, Hunder GG, Kallenberg CG, et al. Nomenclature of systemic vasculitides. Proposal of an international consensus conference. [Review]. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37:187-92.
19. Luqmani RA, Bacon PA, Beaman M, Scott DG, Emery P, Lee SJ, Howie AJ, Richards N, Michael J, Adu D. Classical vs. non-renal Wegener's granulomatosis. Q J Med 1994; 87:161-7.
20. Everitt BS. The analysis of observational studies. In: Everitt BS, ed. Statistical Methods for Medical Investigators, 2nd edn. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1994:197-202.
21. Fortin PR, Abrahamowicz M, Danoff D. Small changes in outpatient lupus activity are better detected by clinical instruments than by laboratory tests. J Rheumatol 1995; 22:2078-83.
22. Hoffman GS, Leavitt RY, Fleisher TA, Minor JR, Fauci AS. Treatment of Wegeners granulomatosis with intermittent high-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide. Am J Med 1990; 89:403-410.
23. McCune WJ, Golbus J, Zeldes W, Bohlke P, Dunne R, Fox DA. Clinical and immunological effects of monthly administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide in severe systemic lupus-erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1988; 318:1423-31.
24. Reinhold-Keller E, Kekow J, Schnabel A, Schmitt WH, Heller M, Beigel A, Duncker G, Gross WL. Influence of disease manifestation and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody titer on the response to pulse cyclophosphamide therapy in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37:919-24.
25. Exley AR, Carruthers D, Luqmani R, Adu D, Bacon PA. The relationship of activity to damage in systemic vasculitis. Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Disease 1996; 13:273.
26. Kovarsky J. Clinical-Pharmacology And Toxicology Of Cyclophosphamide - Emphasis On Use In Rheumatic Diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheumatism 1983; 12:359-72.
27. Talar-Williams C, Hijazi YM, Walther MM, Linehan WM, Hallahan CW, Lubensky I, Kerr GS, Hoffman GS, Fauci AS, Sneller MC. Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and bladder cancer in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124:477-84.
28. Exley AR, Carruthers D, Kitas GD, Luqmani R, Bacon PA. Functional outcome vs. damage in systemic vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:(9 SS) 238 (Abstract).
29. Salmon M, Wordsworth P, Emery P, Tunn E, Bacon PA, Bell Jl. The association of HLA DR beta alleles with self-limiting and persistent forms of early symmetrical polyarthritis. Br J Rheumatol 1993; 32:628-30.
30. Hall FC, Weeks DE, Camilleri JP, Williams LA, Amos N, Darke C, Gibson K, Pile K, Wordsworth BP, Jessop JD. Influence of the HLA-DRB1 locus on susceptibility and severity in rheumatoid-arthritis influence of the HLA-DRB1 locus on susceptibility and severity in rheumatoid-arthritis. Q J Med 1996; 89:821-9.
31. 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Q J Med 1996; 89:559-611.
32. Tse WY, Quibell K, Kumararatne DS, Bacon P, Savage COS, Adu D. Neutrophil Fc-Gamma-RIIA allelic polymorphisms as heritable risk-factors for ANCA-positive vasculitis. J Am Soc Nephrol 1996; 7:A2383 (Abstract).
33. Wainstein E, Edberg J, Csernok E, Sneller M, Hoffman G, Keystone E, Gross W, Salmon J, Kimberly R. Fc-Gamma-RIIIb Alleles predict renal dysfunction in Wegeners granulomatosis (WG). Arthritis Rheum 1996; 39:(9 SS) 1100 (Abstract).
34. Schwaller J, Chen T, Fey MF, Tobler A. A myeloblastin proteinase-3 cDNA clone identifies a BgIII and a PvuII restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism. Human Genetics 1993; 92:525.
35. Jenne DE. Gene structure of ANCA target antigens -implications for the pathogenesis of vasculitis. Sarcoidosis Vasculitis And Diffuse Lung Diseases 1996; 13:209-13.
36. Hoelzer D. Acute leukaemias in adults. In: Peckham M, Pinedo H, Veronesi U, eds. Oxford Textbook of Oncology. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995, 1608-47.
37. Kerr GS, Hallahan CW, Giordano J, Leavitt RY, Fauci AS, Rottem M, Hoffman GS. Takayasu arteritis. Ann Intern Med 1994; 120:919-29.
38. King WJ, Hughes P, Adu D, Savage COS. T lymphocyte responses to myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3 and proteinase 3 peptides from patients with ANCA positive systemic vasculitis. Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Disease 1996; 13:259.
39. Mathieson PW, Cobbold SP, Hale G, Clark MR, Oliveira DBG, Lockwood CM, Waldmann H. Monoclonal-antibody therapy in systemic vasculitis. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:250-4.
40. Lockwood CM, Thiru S, Stewart S, Hale G, Isaacs J, Wraight P, Elliot J, Waldmann H. Treatment of refractory Wegener's granulomatosis with humanized monoclonal antibodies. Q J Med 1996; 89:903-12.
41. Slavin S. Treatment of life-threatening autoimmune-diseases with myeloablative doses of immunosuppressive Agents -experimental background and rationale for a BMT. Bone Marrow Transplantation 1993; 12:85-8.