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1
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0029080364
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Serotonergic modulation of cholinergic function in the central nervous system: Cognitive implications
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of special interest. This review is a useful examination of the extensive literature on the experimental findings (both behavioral and neurobiological) that support a role for 5-HT (and its receptors) in the modulation of cholinergic function. In particular, the authors present histological, electrophysiological, and pharmacological arguments demonstrating how the alteration of the serotonergic system induces changes in the functional integrity of the cholinergic system, which has been implicated in the control of cognitive processes. In particular, their comparative tables on the effects of pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT functions on in vitro and in vivo cholinergic release in different brain areas of the mammalian brain are valuable sources of information.
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of special interest Cassel J-C, Jeltsch H. Serotonergic modulation of cholinergic function in the central nervous system: cognitive implications. Neuroscience. 69:1995;1-41 This review is a useful examination of the extensive literature on the experimental findings (both behavioral and neurobiological) that support a role for 5-HT (and its receptors) in the modulation of cholinergic function. In particular, the authors present histological, electrophysiological, and pharmacological arguments demonstrating how the alteration of the serotonergic system induces changes in the functional integrity of the cholinergic system, which has been implicated in the control of cognitive processes. In particular, their comparative tables on the effects of pharmacological manipulation of 5-HT functions on in vitro and in vivo cholinergic release in different brain areas of the mammalian brain are valuable sources of information.
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(1995)
Neuroscience
, vol.69
, pp. 1-41
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-
Cassel, J.-C.1
Jeltsch, H.2
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2
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0028924167
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The role of serotonergic - cholinergic interactions in the mediation of cognitive behaviour
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of special interest. This is an interesting review of the recent progress in work on 5-HT and cognition. The authors present selected behavioral and neurobiological experimental arguments indicating how both serotonergic and cholinergic systems may interact or contribute, in independent ways, to cognitive behaviors. They particularly emphasize the idea that cognitive behaviors, as the final output of manipulation of the two systems, may be modified through indirect ways that control general functions, such as attention, stimulus processing and arousal. Each neurotransmitter system might thus have its own regulation to these 'biases.' A schematic representation of the neural circuits implicated in the cooperation between both neurotransmitter systems constitutes a basic element of understanding.
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of special interest Steckler T, Sahgal A. The role of serotonergic - cholinergic interactions in the mediation of cognitive behaviour. Behav Brain Res. 67:1995;165-199 This is an interesting review of the recent progress in work on 5-HT and cognition. The authors present selected behavioral and neurobiological experimental arguments indicating how both serotonergic and cholinergic systems may interact or contribute, in independent ways, to cognitive behaviors. They particularly emphasize the idea that cognitive behaviors, as the final output of manipulation of the two systems, may be modified through indirect ways that control general functions, such as attention, stimulus processing and arousal. Each neurotransmitter system might thus have its own regulation to these 'biases.' A schematic representation of the neural circuits implicated in the cooperation between both neurotransmitter systems constitutes a basic element of understanding.
-
(1995)
Behav Brain Res
, vol.67
, pp. 165-199
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Steckler, T.1
Sahgal, A.2
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4
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0030032845
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Effect of destruction of the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways on the acquisition of temporal discrimination and memory for duration in a delayed conditional discrimination task
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of outstanding interest. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine lesioning of both the dorsal and the medial raphes had previously observed to disrupt acquisition and performance of temporal differentiation in rats. The authors demonstrate here that the same lesion selectively facilitates acquisition of temporal discrimination only in the experimental condition (using millisecond-range stimuli instead of seconds-range stimuli) that is acquired relatively slowly by intact rats. This is also the first study of the effect of 5-HT depletion on memory for duration.
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of outstanding interest Al-Zahrani SSA, Ho M-Y, Velazquez-Martinez DN, Lopez Cabrera M, Bradshaw CM, Szabadi E. Effect of destruction of the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic pathways on the acquisition of temporal discrimination and memory for duration in a delayed conditional discrimination task. Psychopharmacology. 123:1996;103-110 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine lesioning of both the dorsal and the medial raphes had previously observed to disrupt acquisition and performance of temporal differentiation in rats. The authors demonstrate here that the same lesion selectively facilitates acquisition of temporal discrimination only in the experimental condition (using millisecond-range stimuli instead of seconds-range stimuli) that is acquired relatively slowly by intact rats. This is also the first study of the effect of 5-HT depletion on memory for duration.
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(1996)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.123
, pp. 103-110
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Al-Zahrani, S.S.A.1
Ho, M.-Y.2
Velazquez-Martinez, D.N.3
Lopez Cabrera, M.4
Bradshaw, C.M.5
Szabadi, E.6
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5
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0030058928
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Acquisition of conditioned inhibition in rats is impaired by ablation of serotoninergic pathways
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Lister S, Pearce JM, Butcher SP, Collard KJ, Foster GA. Acquisition of conditioned inhibition in rats is impaired by ablation of serotoninergic pathways. Eur J Neurosci. 8:1996;415-423.
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(1996)
Eur J Neurosci
, vol.8
, pp. 415-423
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Lister, S.1
Pearce, J.M.2
Butcher, S.P.3
Collard, K.J.4
Foster, G.A.5
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6
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0030051587
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Excessive serotonin release, not depletion, leads to memory impairments in rats
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of special interest. This is an original study in which the authors, using a consistent experimental design including a combination of different modes of depletion of 5-HT (i.e. PCPA and raphe lesion) and of learning models (i.e. passive avoidance and radial maze), show that 5-HT depletion has no direct effect on performance in learning and memory, whereas excessive 5-HT release (as a result, for example, of acute drug treatment) produces critical impairments, presumably through overactivation of postsynaptic receptors.
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of special interest Santucci AC, Knott PJ, Haroutunian V. Excessive serotonin release, not depletion, leads to memory impairments in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 295:1996;7-17 This is an original study in which the authors, using a consistent experimental design including a combination of different modes of depletion of 5-HT (i.e. PCPA and raphe lesion) and of learning models (i.e. passive avoidance and radial maze), show that 5-HT depletion has no direct effect on performance in learning and memory, whereas excessive 5-HT release (as a result, for example, of acute drug treatment) produces critical impairments, presumably through overactivation of postsynaptic receptors.
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(1996)
Eur J Pharmacol
, vol.295
, pp. 7-17
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Santucci, A.C.1
Knott, P.J.2
Haroutunian, V.3
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7
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0029121238
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Effect of fluoxetine on learning and memory involves multiple 5-HT systems
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Menenes A, Hong E. Effect of fluoxetine on learning and memory involves multiple 5-HT systems. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 52:1995;341-346.
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(1995)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
, vol.52
, pp. 341-346
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Menenes, A.1
Hong, E.2
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8
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13344280365
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Classification and nomenclature of 5-HT receptors: A comment on current issues
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Hoyer D, Martin GR. Classification and nomenclature of 5-HT receptors: a comment on current issues. Behav Brain Res. 73:1996;263-268.
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(1996)
Behav Brain Res
, vol.73
, pp. 263-268
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Hoyer, D.1
Martin, G.R.2
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11
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0029163109
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1A receptor antagonist, prevents the impairment of spatial learning caused by intrahippocampal scopolamine
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1A receptors compensate for the loss of cholinergic inputs by favoring the action of other excitatory transmitters (see annotation [13]). Nevertheless, both this study and the one described in [10] are valuable psychopharmacological protocols for the study of 5-HT receptors in learning and memory.
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1A receptors compensate for the loss of cholinergic inputs by favoring the action of other excitatory transmitters (see annotation [13]). Nevertheless, both this study and the one described in [10] are valuable psychopharmacological protocols for the study of 5-HT receptors in learning and memory.
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(1995)
Eur J Pharmacol
, vol.283
, pp. 133-139
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Carli, M.1
Luschi, R.2
Samanin, R.3
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12
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0030070276
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1A receptor antagonist
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1A receptors.
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1A receptors.
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(1996)
Behav Brain Res
, vol.73
, pp. 337-353
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-
Fletcher, A.1
Forster, E.A.2
Bill, D.J.3
Brown, G.4
Cliffe, I.A.5
Hartley, J.E.6
Jones, D.E.7
McLenachan, A.8
Stanhope, K.J.9
Critchley, D.J.P.10
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13
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77951501506
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1A antagonist. WAY 100635, ameliorates the cognitive impairment induced by formix transection in the marmoset
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1A receptors on the same target cells for which cholinergic projections are excitatory. This target probably corresponds to hippocampal pyramidal cells. This hypothesis might also be relevant for the findings of Carli et al. (see also Figure 2). This study is interesting and original in that it associates animal, lesion, and behavioral models that are particularly relevant to the analysis of cognitive decline (and recovery) in Alzheimer's disease.
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1A receptors on the same target cells for which cholinergic projections are excitatory. This target probably corresponds to hippocampal pyramidal cells. This hypothesis might also be relevant for the findings of Carli et al. (see also Figure 2). This study is interesting and original in that it associates animal, lesion, and behavioral models that are particularly relevant to the analysis of cognitive decline (and recovery) in Alzheimer's disease.
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(1996)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.127
, pp. 245-254
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Harder, J.A.1
Maclean, C.J.2
Alder, J.T.3
Francis, P.T.4
Ridley, R.M.5
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14
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0029415354
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1A receptor agonist and a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist disrupts water maze navigation behavior
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1A receptors involved in such effect are probably postsynaptic and located on hippocampal cells.
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1A receptors involved in such effect are probably postsynaptic and located on hippocampal cells.
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(1995)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.122
, pp. 137-146
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Riekkinen, M.1
Sirviö, J.2
Toivanen, T.3
Riekkinen P., Jr.4
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15
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0030065966
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Effects of the serotonin receptor agonists 8-OH-DPAT and TFMPP on learning as assessed using a novel water maze
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1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT dose-dependently impaired performance (measured in terms of swim time and errors) on retention of a well learned maze, but also on acquisition of a novel configuration of the maze. This procedure of learning generalization within the framework of spatial memory is paticularly relevant to the study of the hippocampus.
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1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT dose-dependently impaired performance (measured in terms of swim time and errors) on retention of a well learned maze, but also on acquisition of a novel configuration of the maze. This procedure of learning generalization within the framework of spatial memory is paticularly relevant to the study of the hippocampus.
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(1996)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
, vol.53
, pp. 385-390
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-
Kant, G.J.1
Meininger, G.R.2
Maughan, K.R.3
Wright, W.L.4
Robinson T.N. III5
Neely, T.M.6
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16
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0030069333
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Medial septal unit firing characteristics following injections of 8-OH-DPAT into the median raphe nucleus
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Kinney GG, Kocsis B, Vertes RP. Medial septal unit firing characteristics following injections of 8-OH-DPAT into the median raphe nucleus. Brain Res. 708:1996;116-122.
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(1996)
Brain Res
, vol.708
, pp. 116-122
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Kinney, G.G.1
Kocsis, B.2
Vertes, R.P.3
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17
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0029657985
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Serotonin1A receptors are expressed by a subpopulation of cholinergic neurons in the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca - A double immunocytochemical study
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Kia HK, Brisorgueil MJ, Daval G, Langlois X, Hamon M, Vergé D. Serotonin1A receptors are expressed by a subpopulation of cholinergic neurons in the rat medial septum and diagonal band of Broca - a double immunocytochemical study. Neuroscience. 74:1996;143-154.
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(1996)
Neuroscience
, vol.74
, pp. 143-154
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Kia, H.K.1
Brisorgueil, M.J.2
Daval, G.3
Langlois, X.4
Hamon, M.5
Vergé, D.6
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18
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0028848209
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1A receptors in area CA1 of rat hippocampal slices in vitro
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1A receptor to disinhibit CA1 pyramidal cells from interneuron inputs, probably of the GABAergic type.
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1A receptor to disinhibit CA1 pyramidal cells from interneuron inputs, probably of the GABAergic type.
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(1995)
J Neurosci
, vol.15
, pp. 7217-7225
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Schmitz, D.1
Empson, R.M.2
Heinemann, U.3
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19
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0027950817
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The mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor is localized predominantly on axon terminals
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Boschert U, Aït Amara D, Segu L, Hen R. The mouse 5-hydroxytryptamine1B receptor is localized predominantly on axon terminals. Neuroscience. 58:1994;167-182.
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(1994)
Neuroscience
, vol.58
, pp. 167-182
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Boschert, U.1
Aït Amara, D.2
Segu, L.3
Hen, R.4
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20
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0028786689
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1B receptors in the rat
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1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT had no detrimental effect on the performance, but a facilitatory effect (i.e. decreased latency to complete trials).
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1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT had no detrimental effect on the performance, but a facilitatory effect (i.e. decreased latency to complete trials).
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(1995)
Eur J Pharmacol
, vol.285
, pp. 221-228
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Buhot, M.-C.1
Patra, S.K.2
Naïli, S.3
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22
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0029417136
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3H]acetylcholine release in hippocampal slices of rats with fimbria-fornix lesions and intrahippocampal grafts of septal origin
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3H]acetylcholine release in hippocampal slices of rats with fimbria-fornix lesions and intrahippocampal grafts of septal origin. Brain Res. 704:1995;153-166.
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(1995)
Brain Res
, vol.704
, pp. 153-166
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Cassel, J.-C.1
Jeltsch, H.2
Neufang, B.3
Lauth, D.4
Szabo, B.5
Jackisch, R.6
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23
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0029024187
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Serotonin 1B receptor regulation after dorsal subiculum deafferentation
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1B receptors, which are found in the dorsal subiculum in high density, are located on axon terminals of CA1 pyramidal cells.
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1B receptors, which are found in the dorsal subiculum in high density, are located on axon terminals of CA1 pyramidal cells.
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(1995)
Brain Res Bull
, vol.38
, pp. 17-23
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Aït Amara, D.1
Segu, L.2
Naïli, S.3
Buhot, M.-C.4
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24
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0029665544
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1B receptors suppresses low but not high frequency synaptic transmission in the rat subicular cortex in vitro
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1B receptors induced a decrease in the release of glutamate from incoming fibers originating from CA1 pyramidal cells. This effect suppressed subicular transmission at low but not at high frequencies.
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1B receptors induced a decrease in the release of glutamate from incoming fibers originating from CA1 pyramidal cells. This effect suppressed subicular transmission at low but not at high frequencies.
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(1996)
Brain Res
, vol.721
, pp. 59-65
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Boeijinga, P.H.1
Boddeke, H.2
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27
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0028876864
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Cyclic AMP protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current in hippocampal neurons
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Torres GE, Chaput Y, Andrade R. Cyclic AMP protein kinase A mediate 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 receptor regulation of calcium-activated potassium current in hippocampal neurons. Mol Pharmacol. 47:1995;191-197.
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(1995)
Mol Pharmacol
, vol.47
, pp. 191-197
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Torres, G.E.1
Chaput, Y.2
Andrade, R.3
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29
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0028973004
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4 receptors
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4 in memory processes, although only few behavioral experiments have been performed due to the lack of biologically stable ligands.
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4 in memory processes, although only few behavioral experiments have been performed due to the lack of biologically stable ligands.
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(1995)
Trends Pharmacol Sci
, vol.16
, pp. 391-398
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Eglen, R.M.1
Wong, E.H.F.2
Dumuis, A.3
Bockaert, J.4
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30
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0029670162
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4 receptor-mediated modulation of 5-HT release in the rat hippocampus in vivo
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4 receptor-mediated modulation of 5-HT release in the rat hippocampus in vivo. Br J Pharmacol. 117:1996;1475-1480.
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(1996)
Br J Pharmacol
, vol.117
, pp. 1475-1480
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Van Ge, J.1
Barnes, N.M.2
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31
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0029956067
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Stereoselective effects of (R)- And (S)-zacopride on cognitive performance in a spatial navigation task in rats
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Fontana DJ, Daniels SE, Eglen RM, Wong EHK. Stereoselective effects of (R)- and (S)-zacopride on cognitive performance in a spatial navigation task in rats. Neuropharmacology. 35:1996;321-327.
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Neuropharmacology
, vol.35
, pp. 321-327
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Fontana, D.J.1
Daniels, S.E.2
Eglen, R.M.3
Wong, E.H.K.4
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32
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0025319575
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3 receptor antagonist, on cognition in rodents and primates
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3 receptor antagonist, on cognition in rodents and primates. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 35:1990;955-962.
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(1990)
Pharmacol Biochem Behav
, vol.35
, pp. 955-962
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Barnes, J.M.1
Costall, B.2
Coughlan, J.3
Domeney, A.M.4
Gerrard, P.A.5
Kelly, M.E.6
Naylor, R.J.7
Onaivi, E.S.8
Tomkins, D.M.9
Tyers, M.B.10
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33
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0029121484
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Ondansetron improves cognitive performance in the Morris water maze spatial navigation task
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Fontana DJ, Daniels SE, Henderson C, Eglen RM, Wong EHF. Ondansetron improves cognitive performance in the Morris water maze spatial navigation task. Psychopharmacology. 120:1995;409-417.
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(1995)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.120
, pp. 409-417
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Fontana, D.J.1
Daniels, S.E.2
Henderson, C.3
Eglen, R.M.4
Wong, E.H.F.5
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34
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0028984950
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3 antagonist, WAY-100289, enhances spatial memory in rats with ibotenate lesions of the forebrain cholinergic projection system
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3 antagonist WAY-100289 on learning and memory was tested in the water maze task on rats that had sustained combined lesions of the NBM and MS. In contrast to cholinergic agonists, this treatment had no effect on acquisition, as measured before lesioning, but antagonist the retention impairment caused by the damage to both cholinergic structures.
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3 antagonist WAY-100289 on learning and memory was tested in the water maze task on rats that had sustained combined lesions of the NBM and MS. In contrast to cholinergic agonists, this treatment had no effect on acquisition, as measured before lesioning, but antagonist the retention impairment caused by the damage to both cholinergic structures.
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(1995)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.117
, pp. 318-332
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Hodges, H.1
Sowinski, P.2
Sinden, J.D.3
Netto, C.A.4
Fletcher, A.5
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35
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0030011343
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3 receptor antagonists, WAY-100579 and ondansetron on spatial learning in the water maze in rats with excitotoxic lesions of the forebrain cholinergic projection system
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3 receptors may have an important role in modulating the functioning of both cholinergic pathways (i.e. the one originating from the NBM and projecting to cortical areas and the one originating from the MS and projecting to the hippocampus).
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3 receptors may have an important role in modulating the functioning of both cholinergic pathways (i.e. the one originating from the NBM and projecting to cortical areas and the one originating from the MS and projecting to the hippocampus).
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(1996)
Psychopharmacology
, vol.125
, pp. 146-161
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Hodges, H.1
Sowinski, P.2
Turner, J.J.3
Fletcher, A.4
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36
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0028955454
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Effects of 5-HT-sub-3 receptor antagonism on hippocampal theta rhythm, memory, and LTP induction in the freely moving rat
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3 receptors on hippocampal functions.
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3 receptors on hippocampal functions.
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(1995)
J Neurosci
, vol.15
, pp. 2445-2452
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Staubli, U.1
Xu, F.B.2
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37
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0029926290
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Cellular and subcellular immunolocalization of the type 3 serotonin receptor in the rat central nervous system
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Morales M, Battenberg E, de Lecea L, Sanna PP, Bloom FE. Cellular and subcellular immunolocalization of the type 3 serotonin receptor in the rat central nervous system. Mol Brain Res. 36:1996;251-260.
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Mol Brain Res
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, pp. 251-260
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Morales, M.1
Battenberg, E.2
De Lecea, L.3
Sanna, P.P.4
Bloom, F.E.5
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0030603113
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The type 3 serotonin receptor is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the rat neocortex and hippocampus
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Morales M, Battenberg E, de Lecea L, Bloom FE. The type 3 serotonin receptor is expressed in a subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the rat neocortex and hippocampus. Brain Res. 731:1996;199-202.
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(1996)
Brain Res
, vol.731
, pp. 199-202
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Morales, M.1
Battenberg, E.2
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Serotonergic regulation of associative learning
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Harvey JA. Serotonergic regulation of associative learning. Behav Brain Res. 73:1996;47-50.
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Behav Brain Res
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Harvey, J.A.1
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41
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0029166516
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Serotonergic regulation of acetylcholine release in rat frontal cortex
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2A receptors inhibits the fenfluramine-induced increase of cholinergic release in the rat frontal cortex. Nevertheless, the location of this receptor on cell bodies or terminals of the NBM remains to be determined.
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2A receptors inhibits the fenfluramine-induced increase of cholinergic release in the rat frontal cortex. Nevertheless, the location of this receptor on cell bodies or terminals of the NBM remains to be determined.
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(1995)
J Neurochem
, vol.65
, pp. 1139-1145
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Hirano, H.1
Day, J.2
Fibiger, H.C.3
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43
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0029855884
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1B binding sites in the stratum griseum superficiale of the rat superior colliculus. An electron microscopic quantitative autoradiographic study
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1B receptors at the electron microscopic level.
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1B receptors at the electron microscopic level.
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(1996)
Synapse
, vol.24
, pp. 203-212
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Boulenguez, P.1
Pinard, R.2
Segu, L.3
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44
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0028930512
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Distractibility and locomotor activity in rat following intracollicular injection of a serotonin 1B-1D agonist
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1B/1D agonist was found able to reduce distraction. This mechanism could participate to a 5-HT role in sensory gating and behavioral inhibition. It might be involved in processes underlying reactivity to the environment according to the state of arousal of the animal and/or to the salience of the stimulus.
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1B/1D agonist was found able to reduce distraction. This mechanism could participate to a 5-HT role in sensory gating and behavioral inhibition. It might be involved in processes underlying reactivity to the environment according to the state of arousal of the animal and/or to the salience of the stimulus.
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(1995)
Behav Brain Res
, vol.67
, pp. 229-239
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Boulenguez, P.1
Foreman, N.2
Chauveau, J.3
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Buhot, M.-C.5
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45
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0026614470
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The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin synthesis inhibition and muscarinic blockade on the performance of rats in a 5-choice serial reaction time task
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Jäkälä P, Sirviö J, Jolkkonen J, Riekkinen P Jr, Acsady L, Riekkinen P. The effects of p-chlorophenylalanine-induced serotonin synthesis inhibition and muscarinic blockade on the performance of rats in a 5-choice serial reaction time task. Behav Brain Res. 51:1992;29-40.
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Jäkälä, P.1
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Riekkinen P., Jr.4
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Riekkinen, P.6
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The effects of ritanserin, RU24969 and 8-OH-DPAT on latent inhibition in the rat
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Cassaday HJ, Hodges H, Gray JA. The effects of ritanserin, RU24969 and 8-OH-DPAT on latent inhibition in the rat. J Psychopharmacol. 7:1993;63-71.
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J Psychopharmacol
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Cassaday, H.J.1
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47
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0028232277
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Anatagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition in rats by haloperidol and ondansentron: Implications for a possible antipsychotic action of ondansetron
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Warburton EC, Joseph MH, Feldon J, Weiner I, Gray JA. Anatagonism of amphetamine-induced disruption of latent inhibition in rats by haloperidol and ondansentron: implications for a possible antipsychotic action of ondansetron. Psychopharmacology. 114:1994;657-664.
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Psychopharmacology
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Warburton, E.C.1
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Feldon, J.3
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Gray, J.A.5
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49
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0028908937
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8-OH-DPAT disruption of prepulse inhibition in rats: Reversal with (+)WAY 100, 135 and localization of site of action
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Sipes TA, Geyer MA. 8-OH-DPAT disruption of prepulse inhibition in rats: reversal with (+)WAY 100, 135 and localization of site of action. Psychopharmacology. 117:1995;41-48.
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Psychopharmacology
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Sipes, T.A.1
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50
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0029665355
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1B receptor knock out - behavioral consequences
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of outstanding interest. An interesting study that attempted to dissociate, by a 'learning' (versus innate) component, two kinds of fear situations and to 'adjust' this dissociation in terms of independent underlying 5-HT pathways. The authors used an 'elevated' T-maze, in which a rat either can be placed at the end of an enclosed arm, perpendicular to two open arms, and left free to withdraw from this arm (learned fear) or can be placed at the end of one of the open arm from which it will try to escape (unconditioned fear). It was expected that afferents from the dorsal raphe to the amygdala and the frontal cortex would facilitate active escape and avoidance behavior (as conditioned or anticipatory anxiety), whereas projections from the dorsal raphe to the periaqueductal gray would inhibit inborn flight reactions arising in response to proximal danger. Lesion to the dorsal raphe facilitated learned fear and impaired unconditioned fear; d-fenfluramine treatment presented the same (but
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1B receptors in the rat. Hippocampus. 5:1995;198-208 In this study, the authors used an interesting behavioral task that allowed the expression of spontaneous (cognitive and emotional) behaviors in an open field filled with different objects that could be manipulated (displaced) or replaced. Locomotor versus exploratory activities could be dissociated, as well as cognitive versus emotional exploration (i.e. increased versus decreased), respectivey, plus habituation and response to spatial versus non-spatial novelty. This behavioral task thus allowed the emergence of different patterns of behavior selectively related to the activation of different 5-HT receptors located in the CA1 field of the hippocampus.
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