Pituitary adenomas

Current Opinion in Oncology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 55-60

  Andrews, David W ^a  

^a THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COLOR VISION; CUSHING DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; HUMAN; HYPOPHYSIS ADENOMA; NEUROSURGERY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROLACTINOMA; REVIEW; STEREOTAXIC SURGERY; TRANSSPHENOIDAL SURGERY; VISUAL ACUITY;

EID: 0031000592     PISSN: 10408746     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001622-199701000-00009     Document Type: Review

References (59)

1. Klibanski A, Zervas N: Diagnosis and management of hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:822-831.
2. Oldfield EH, Doppman JL, Nieman LK, Chrousos GP, Miller DL, Katz DA, Cutler GB, Loriaux DL: Petrosal sinus sampling with and without corticotropin-releasing hormone for the differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 1991, 325:897-905.
3. Yamamoto Y, Davis D, Nippoldt T, Young W, Huston J, Parisi J: False-positive petrosal sinus sampling in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease. J Neurosurg 1995, 83:1087-1091.
4. Memelak A, Dowd C, Tyrrell B, McDonald J, Wilson C: Venous angiography is needed to interpret inferior petrosal sinus and cavernous sinus sampling data for lateralizing adrenocroticotropin-secreting adenomas. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 1995, 81:2:475-481.
5. Burrow GN, Wortzman G, Rewcastle NB, Holgate RC, Kovacs K: Microadenomas of the pituitary and abnormal sellar tomograms in an unselected autopsy series. N Engl J Med 1981, 304:156-158.
6. Parent AD, Bebin J, Smith RR: Incidental pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 1981, 54:228-231.
7. Chambers EF, Turski PA, LaMasters D, Newton TH: Regions of low density in the contrast-enhanced pituitary gland: normal and pathological processes. Radiology 1982, 144:109-113.
8. Boscaro M, Rampazzo A, Paoletta A, Roseano P, Pagotto U, Fallo F, Sonino N: Selective venous sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. Neuroendocrinology 1992, 55:264-268.
9. Midgette A, Aron D: High-dose dexamethasone suppression testing versus inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of adrenocorticotropin-dependent Cushing's syndrome: a decision analysis. Am J Med Sci 1995, 309:162-170. This excellent cost-effective decision analysis compares the classic HDD test with the much more recent and more invasive IPSS study. Given the previous articles, which describe false-positive results with IPSS as well as lateral sampling errors due to anomalous venous anatomy, it appears the best decision algorithm may involve high-dose dexamethasone up front followed by IPSS only when HDD is negative and when Cushing's disease is suspected. This is an excellent and well-thought-out analysis of these two techniques.
10. Pholséna M, LeBouc Y, Rousseau E, Christol R, Birman P, Périn, Girard F: Evaluation of acromegaly by measurement of 24-hourly urinary growth hormone excretion. Acta Endocrinol 1993, 128:9-14.
11. Anyaoku VN, Wood DF, Pavlou R, Williams P, Tan K, Fidler S, Johnston DG: An enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for human pituitary glycoprotein free α-subunit: evaluation and initial experience in patients with pituitary disease. J Endocrinol 1993, 136:511-516.
12. Elster AD: Modern imaging of the pituitary. Radiology 1993, 187:1-14. This is an excellent, exhaustive review of current radiographic imaging techniques of the pituitary gland; 194 references are supplied.
13. Kucharczyk W, Davis DO, Kelly WM, Sze G, Norman D, Newton TH:Pituitary adenomas: high-resolution MR imaging at 1.5 T. Radiology 1986, 161:761-765.
14. Elster AD: Sellar susceptibility artifacts: theory and implications. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1993, 14:129-136.
15. Hald JK, Nakstad PH, Kollevold T, Bakke SJ, Skalpe IO: MR imaging of pituitary macroadenomas before and after transsphenoidal surgery. Acta Radiol 1992, 33:396-399.
16. DeSouza B, Brunetti A, Fulham MJ, Brooks RA, DeMichele D, Cook P, Nieman L, Doppman JL, Oldfield EH, DiChiro G: Pituitary macroadenomas: a PET study. Radiology 1990, 177:39-44.
17. Bergström M, Muhr C, Lundberg PO, Långström B: PET as a tool in the clinical evaluation of pituitary adenomas. J Nucl Med 1991, 32:610-615.
18. Tindall GT, Herring CJ, Clark RV, Adams DA, Watts NB: Cushing's disease: results of transsphenoidal microsurgery with emphasis on surgical failures. J Neurosurg 1990, 72:363-369.
19. Boggan JE, Tyrrell JB, Wilson CB: Transsphenoidal microsurgical management of Cushing's disease: report of 100 cases. J Neurosurg 1983, 59:195.
20. Hardy J: Microsurgery of the hypophysis: subnasal transsphenoidal approach with television magnification and televised radiofluoroscopic control. In Microneurosurgery, edn 3. Edited by Rand RW. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1984.
21. Tahir AH, Sheeler LR: Recurrent Cushing's disease after transsphenoidal surgery. Arch Intern Med 1992, 152:977-981.
22. Post F, Soule S, De Villiers J, Levitt N: Pituitary function after selective adenomectomy for Cushing's disease. Br J Neurosurg 1995, 9:41-46. This study explores the usefulness of aggressive transsphenoidal surgery and associates aggressive resection with postoperative panhypopituitarism. The conclusions drawn in this careful study suggest that agressive resection although curative, may lead to a higher rate of hypopituitarism as an associated morbidity.
23. Tindall GT, Oyesiku NM, Watts NB, Clark RV, Christy JH, Adams DA: Transsphenoidal adenomectomy for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas in acromegaly: outcome analysis and determinants of failure. J Neurosurg 1993, 78:205-215.
24. Ross DA, Wilson CB: Results of transsphenoidal microsurgery for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenoma in a series of 214 patients. J Neurosurg 1988, 68:854-867.
25. Balagura S, Derome P, Guiot G: Acromegaly: analysis of 132 cases treated surgically. Neurosurgery 1981, 8:413.
26. Hardy J: Transsphenoidal microsurgical treatment of pituitary tumors. In Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Tumors. Edited by Linfoot JA. New York: Raven Press; 1979.
27. Baskin DS, Boggan JE, Wilson CB: Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Neurosurg 1982, 56:634.
28. Ezzat S, Snyder PJ, Young WF, Boyajy LD, Newman C, Klibanski A, Molitch ME, Boyd AE, Sheeler L, Cook DM, et al.: Octreotide treatment of acromegaly, a randomized, multicenter study. Ann Intern Med 1992, 117:711-718.
29. Christensen SE, Weeke J, Ørskov H, Kaal A, Lund E, Jørgensen, Harris AG: Long-term efficacy and tolerability of octreotide treatment in acromegaly. Metabolism 1992, 41:44-50.
30. Shi YF, Zhu XF, Harris AG, Zhang JX, Dai Q: Prospective study of the long-term effects of somatostatin analog (octreotide) on gallbladder function and gallstone formation in Chinese acromegalic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1993, 76:32-37.
31. Arosio M, Macchelli S, Rossi C, Casati G, Biella O, Faglia G: Effects of treatment with octreotide in acromegalic patients: multicenter Italian study. Eur J Endocrinol 1995, 133:430-439. This Italian article is one of the first prospective randomized trials of a patient population with acromegaly. It underlines the usefulness of octreotide in a select group of patients with acromegaly without high serum levels of growth hormone. The study also seems to support the use of octreotide featuring minimal morbidity from cholestasis. This study supports the wider the use of octreotide in the treatment of acromegaly.
32. Koppelman MCS, Jaffe MJ, Rieth KG, Caruso RC, Loriaux DL: Hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea, and galactorrhea: a retrospective assessment of 25 cases. Ann Intern Med 1984, 100:115-121.
33. March CM, Kletzky OA, Davajan V, Teal J, Weiss M, Apuzzo M, Maris RP, Mishell OR Jr: Longitudinal evaluation of patients with untreated prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981, 139:835-844.
34. Schlechte J, Dolan K, Sherman B, Chapler F, Luciano A: The natural history of untreated hyperprolactinemia: a prospective analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989, 68:412-418.
35. Sisam DA, Sheehan JP, Sheeler LR: The natural history of untreated microprolactinomas. Fertil Steril 1987, 48:67-71.
36. Vance ML, Evans WS, Thorner MO: Bromocriptine. Ann Intern Med 1984, 100:78-91.
37. Lesser AL, Zheutlin JD, Boghen D, Odel JG, Robbins RJ: Visual function improvement in patients with macroprolactinomas treated with bromocriptine. Am J Ophthalmol 1990, 109:535-543.
38. Vance ML, Cragun JR, Reimnitz C, Chang RJ, Rashif E, Blackwell RE, Miller MM, Molitch ME: CV 205-502 treatment of hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989, 68:336-339.
39. Tindall GT, Barrow DL: Prolactinoma. In Disorders of the Pituitary, edn 1. Edited by Tindall GT, Barrow DL. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1986:261.
40. Bertrand G, Tolis G, Montes J: Immediate and long-term results of transsphenoidal microsurgical resection of prolactinomas in 92 patients. In Prolactin and Prolactinomas. Edited by Tolis G, et al. New York: Raven Press; 1983.
41. Tindall GT, Barrow DL: Prolactinoma. In Disorders of the Pituitary, edn 1. Edited by Tindall GT, Barrow DL. St. Louis: CV Mosby Co.; 1986:262.
42. Hardy J: Transsphenoidal microsurgery of prolactinomas: report on 355 cases. In Prolactin and Prolactinomas. Edited by Tolis G, et al. New York: Raven Press; 1983.
43. Chang RJ, Keye WR Jr, Young JR, Wilson CB, Jaffe RB: Detection, evaluation, and treatment of pituitary microadenomas in patients with galactorrhea and amenorrhea. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1977, 128:356-363.
44. McCollough WM, Marcus RB Jr, Rhoton AL Jr, Ballinger WE, Million RR: Long-term follow-up of radiotherapy for pituitary adenoma: the absence of late recurrence after ≥ 4500 cGy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991, 21:607-614.
45. Fisher BJ, Gaspar LE, Noone B: Giant pituitary adenomas: role of radiotherapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 1993, 25:67-681.
46. Zierhut D, Flentije M, Adolph J, Erdmann J, Friedhelm R, Wannenmacher M: External radiotherapy of pituitary adenomas. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol 1995, 33:307-314. This excellent study emphasizes the importance of traditional radiation for the treatment of pituitary tumors. One should expect a 95% disease control rate with simple conventional external beam radiation techniques. This article updates previous experiences in literature and is an excellent current referrence for radiation treatment of pituitary tumors.
47. af Trampe E, Lundell G, Lax I, Werner S: External irradiation of growth hormone producing pituitary adenomas: prolactin as a marker of hypothalamic and pituitary effects. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 1991, 20:655-660.
48. Tran LM, Blount L, Horton D, Sadeghi A, Parker RG: Radiation therapy of pituitary tumors: results in 95 cases. Am J Clin Oncol 1991, 14:25-29.
49. Al-Mefty O, Kersh JE, Routh A, Smith RR: The long-term side effects of radiation therapy for benign brain tumor in adults. J Neurosurg 1990, 73:502-512.
50. Habrand JL, Austin-Seymour M, Birnbaum S, Wray S, Carroll R, Munzenrider J, Verhey L, Urie M, Goitein M: Neurovisual outcome following proton radiation therapy. Int J Radiation Oncology Biol Phys 1989, 16:1601-1606.
51. Guy J, Mancuso A, Beck R, Moster ML, Sedwick LA, Quisling RG, Rhoton AL Jr, Protzko EE, Schiffman J: Radiation-induced optic neuropathy: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosurg 1991, 74:426-432.
52. Stereotactic radiosurgery. In Neurosurgery Clinics of North America. Edited by Wynn HR, Maybry M; 1992.
53. Levy RP, Fabrikant JI, Frankel KA, Phillips MH, Lyman JT: Charged-particle radiosurgery of the brain. Neurosurg Clin North Am 1990, 1:955-990.
54. Kjellberg RN, Kliman B: Lifetime effectiveness: a system of therapy for pituitary adenomas, emphasizing Bragg-peak proton hypophysectomy. In Recent Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pituitary Tumors. Edited by Linfoot JA, New York: Raven Press; 1979:269-288.
55. Thorén M, Rähn T, Guo WY, Werner S: Stereotactic radiosurgery with the cobalt-60 gamma unit in the treatment of growth hormone-producing pituitary tumors. Neurosurgery 1991, 29:663-668.
56. Degerblad M, Rähn T, Bergstrand G, Thorén M: Long-term results of Stereotactic radiosurgery to the pituitary gland in Cushing's disease Ada Endocrinol 1986, 112:310-314.
57. Pollock BE, Koadziolka D, Luneford LD, Flickinger JC: Stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas: Imaging, visual and endocrine results. Acta Neurochir 1994, 62(suppl 1):5-10.
58. Epstein M, Wahlberg L, Chang-Demoranville BM, Lindquist C, Jackson I: Role of gamma knife in the management of pituitary tumors: the initial New England experience. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1993, 122:148-149,
59. Kondziolka D, Lunsford LD, Flickinger JC: Gamma knife radiosurgery for pituitary tumors: imaging, visual and endocrine results. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1993, 122:148.