Evidence that therapy works in clinically representative conditions

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

Volumn 65, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 355-365

  Shadish, William R ^a,m   Navarro, Ana M ^b   Crits Christoph, Paul ^c   Jorm, Anthony F ^d   Nietzel, Michael T ^e   Robinson, Leslie ^a   Svartberg, Martin ^f   Matt, Georg E ^g   Siegle, Greg ^g   Hazelrigg, Mark D ^h   Lyons, Larry C ⁱ   Prout, H Thompson ^j   Smith, Mary Lee ^k   Weiss, Bahr ^l  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MEMPHIS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c HOSPITAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^d AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

^f NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Norway)

^g SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h Federal Correctional Institute   (United States)

ⁱ Hollins Commun Research Institute   (United States)

^j FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^l VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m University of Memphis   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; HUMAN; PSYCHODYNAMICS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

HUMANS; META-ANALYSIS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0031000365     PISSN: 0022006X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.65.3.355     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Allen, M., Hunter, J. E., & Donohue, W. A. (1989). Meta-analysis of self-report data on the effectiveness of public speaking anxiety treatment techniques. Communication Education, 38, 54-76.
2. Amerikaner, M., & Summerlin, M. L. (1982). Group counseling with learning disabled children: Effects of social skills and relaxation training on self-concept and classroom behavior. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 15, 340-343.
3. Andrews, G., & Harvey, R. (1981 ). Does psychotherapy benefit neurotic patients? Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1203-1208.
4. Antons, K. (1972). Soziometrische Kurwirkungen. Eine Test-Retestuntersuchung mit zwei Persönlichkeitsinventaren am Vorsorgeheim Hundseck der Bundesknappschaft Bochum [Sociometric effects of a health intervention. A test-retest study with two personality inventories at the Hundseck clinic of the miners' health organization Bochum]. Zeitschrift fur psychosomatische Medizin und Psychoanalyse, 18, 369-389.
5. Baker, S. B., Swisher, J. D., Nadenichek, P. E., & Popowicz, C. L. (1984). Measured effects of primary prevention strategies. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 62, 459-464.
6. Barker, S. L., Funk, S. C., & Houston, B. K. (1988). Psychological treatment versus nonspecific factors: A meta-analysis of conditions that engender comparable expectations for improvement. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 579-594.
7. Barron, F, & Leary, T. R (1955). Changes in psycho-neurotic patients with an without psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 19, 239-245.
8. Blanchard, E. B., Andrasik, F., Ahles, T. A., Teders, S. J., & O'Keefe, D. (1980). Migraine and tension headache: A meta-analytic review. Behavior Therapy, 14, 613-631.
9. Block, J. (1978). Effects of a rational-emotive mental health program on poorly achieving, disrupting high school students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 25, 61-65.
10. Brodaty, H., & Andrews, G. (1983). Brief psychotherapy in family practice: A controlled prospective intervention trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 11-19.
11. Campbell, D. T. (1986). Relabeling internal and external validity for applied social scientists. In W. M. K. Trochim (Ed.), Advances in quasi-experimental design and analysis (pp. 67-77). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
12. Cattell, R. B., Rickeis, K., Weise, C., Gray, B., & Yee, R. (1966). The effects of psychotherapy upon measured anxiety and regression. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 20, 261.
13. Chambless, D. L., Sanderson, W. C, Shoham, V, Johnson, S. B., Pope, K. S., Crits-Christoph, P., Baker, M., Johnson, B., Woody, S. R., Sue, S., Beutler, L., Williams, D. A., & McCurry, S. (1996). An update on empirically validated therapies. The Clinical Psychologist, 49, 5-18.
14. Coche, E., & Flick, A. (1975). Problem-solving training groups for hospitalized patients. Journal of Psychology, 91, 19-29.
15. Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p < .05). American Psychologist, 49, 997-1003.
16. Coleman, M., & Glofka, P. T. (1969). Effect of group therapy on self-concept of senior nursing students. Nursing Research, 18, 274-275.
17. Comas-Diaz, L. (1981). Effects of cognitive and behavioral group treatment on the depressive symptomalogy of Puerto Rican women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 627-632.
18. Consumer Reports, (1995, November). Mental health: Does therapy help? pp. 734-739.
19. Cook, T. D. (1990). The generalization of causal connections: Multiple theories in search of clear practice. In L. Sechrest, E. Perrin, & J. Bunker (Eds.), Research methodology: Strengthening causal interpretations of nonexperimental data (DHHS Publication No. PHS 90-3454, pp. 9-31 ). Rockville, MD: Department of Health and Human Services.
20. Crits-Christoph, P. (1992). The efficacy of brief dynamic psychotherapy: meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 151-158.
21. Depression Guideline Panel. (1993, April). Depression in Primary Care: Vol. 2. Treatment of major depression. Clinical Practice Guideline, No. 5. (AHCPR Publication No. 93-0551). Rockville, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.
22. Dewey, D., & Hansley, J. (1990). The effects of marital adjustment and spouse involvement on the behavioral treatment of agoraphobia: A meta-analytic review. Anxiety Research, 2, 69-83.
23. Dole, A. A., Rockey, P. B., & DiTomasso, R. (1983, April). Meta-analysis of outcome research in reducing test anxiety: Interventions, rigor and inertia. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
24. Endicott, N. A., & Endicott, J. (1964). Prediction of improvement in treated and untreated patients using the Rorschach prognostic rating scale. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 28, 342-348.
25. Ezzo, F. R. (1980). A comparative outcome study of family therapy and positive parenting with court-referred adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40A, 6198. (University Microfilms No. 80-13836)
26. Fernandez-Rodriguez, C., & Perez-Alvarez, M. (1987). Modificacion de conducta y mejora en el cumplimiento del tratamiento en diab ticos tipo II [Behavior modification and improvement of adherence to treatment among Type II diabetes patients ]. Revista Espanola de Terapia del Comportamiento, 5, 233-248.
27. Fischer, J., Anderson, J., Arveson, E., & Brown, S. (1978). Alderian family counseling : An evaluation. International Journal of Family Counseling, 6, 42-44.
28. Florin, I., Cohen, R., & Meyer-Osterkamp, S. (1973). Eine Untersuchung zum operanten Konditionieren sozialen Verhaltens bei chronisch Schiziphrenen [A study of operant conditioning of social behavior in chronic schizophrenics]. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie, 2, 243-277.
29. Garfield, S. L., & Kurtz, R. (1974). A survey of clinical psychologists: Characteristics, activities, and orientations. The Clinical Psychologist, 28, 7-10.
30. Gerler, E. R. (1980). A longitudinal study of multimodal approaches to small group psychological education. School Counselor, 27, 184-190.
31. Greenwald, P., & Cullen, J. W. (1984). The scientific approach to cancer control. CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 34, 328-332.
32. Hahlweg, K., & Markman, H. J. (1988). Effectiveness of behavioral marital therapy: Empirical status of behavioral techniques in preventing and alleviating marital distress. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 440-447.
33. Hannemann, E. (1979). Short-term family therapy with juvenile status offenders and their families. Dissertation Abstracts International, 40, 1894B. (University Microfilms No. 79-22867)
34. Hazelrigg, M. D., Cooper, H. M., & Borduin, C. M. (1987). Evaluating the effectiveness of family therapies: An integrative review and analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 428-442.
35. Hedges, L. V., & Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
36. Hill, K. A. (1987). Meta-analysis of paradoxical interventions. Psychotherapy, 24, 266-270.
37. Hoagwood, K., Hibbs, E., Brent, D., & Jensen, P. (1995). Introduction to special section: Efficacy and effectiveness studies of child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 683-687.
38. Jones, E. E. (1985). Major developments in social psychology during the past five decades. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 47 -107 ). New York: Random House.
39. Jones, F. D., & Peters, H. N. (1952). An experimental evaluation of group psychotherapy. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47, 345-353.
40. Jorm, A. F. (1989). Modifiability of trait anxiety and neuroticism: A meta-analysis of the literature. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 23, 21-29.
41. Kassinove, H., Miller, N., & Kalin, M. (1980). Effects of pretreatment with rational emotive bibliotherapy and rational emotive audiotherapy on clients waiting at community mental health centers. Psychological Reports, 46, 851-857.
42. Katz, A., de Krasinski, M., Philip, E., & Wieser, C. (1975). Change in interactions as a measure of effectiveness in short-term family therapy. Family Therapy, 2, 31-56.
43. Kazdin, A. E. (1978). Evaluating the generality of findings in analogue therapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 673-686.
44. Kazdin, A. E. (1986). The evaluation of psychotherapy: Research design and methodology. In S. L. Garfield & A. E. Bergin (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (3rd ed., pp. 23-68). New York: Wiley.
45. Kazdin, A. E., Bass, D., Ayers, W. A., & Rogers, A. (1990). Empirical and clinical focus of child and adolescent psychotherapy research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 729-740.
46. Kendall, P.C., & Southam-Gerow, M. A. (1995). Issues in transportability of treatment: The case of anxiety disorders in youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 702-708.
47. Kilman, P. C., Henry, S. E., Scarbro, H., & Laughlin, J. E. (1977). The impact of affective education on elementary school underachievers. Psychology in the Schools, 16, 217-233.
48. Knight, B. G., Lutzky, S. M., & Macofsky-Urban, F. (1993). A meta-analytic review of interventions for caregiver distress: Recommendations for future research. Gerontologist, 33, 240-248.
49. Krop, N., Calhoon, B., & Verrier, R. (1971). Modification of the "self-concept" of emotionally disturbed children by covert reinforcement. Behavior Therapy, 2, 201-204.
50. Lambert, M. J., Hatch, D. R., Kingston, M. D., & Edwards, B. C. (1986). Zung, Beck, and Hamilton Rating Scales as measures of treatment outcome: A meta-analytic comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54, 54-59.
51. Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993). The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis. American Psychologist, 48, 1181-1209.
52. Lipsky, M. J., Kassinove, H., & Miller, N. J. (1980). Effects of rational-emotive therapy, rational role reversal and rational-emotive imagery on the emotional adjustment of community mental health center patients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 366-374.
53. Lyons, L. C., & Woods, P. J. (1991). The efficacy or rational-emotive therapy. A quantitative review of the outcome research. Clinical Psychology Review, 11, 357-369.
54. Macia, D., & Mendez, F. X. (1986). Programa de intervencion conductual para el cumplimiento de las prescripciones medicas [Behavioral intervention program to enhance adherence to medical prescriptions]. Revista de Psicologia General y Aplicada, 41, 369-377.
55. Maldonado, A. (1984). Terapia de conducta y depresion: Un an lisis experimental de las interacciones entre tratamientos cognitivos y conductuales con tratamientos farmacologicos en sujetos depresivos [Behavior therapy and depression: An experimental analysis of the interactions between cognitive-behavioral and pharmacological treatments in depressive patients]. Revista de Psicologia General y Aplicada, 39, 517-535.
56. Matt, G. E., Shadish, W. R., Navarro, A. M., & Siegle, G. (1994, August). The effects of psychotherapy conducted under clinically representative conditions: A reanalysis of psychotherapy meta-analyses. Paper presented at the 102nd Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles.
57. Mavissakalian, M., & Michelson, L. (1983). Self-directed in vivo exposure practice in behavioral and pharmacological treatments of agoraphobia. Behavior Therapy, 14, 506-519.
58. Meyer, A. E. (1981). The Hamburg Short Psychotherapy Comparison Experiment. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 35, 77-212.
59. Moleski, R., & Tosi, D. J. (1976). Comparative psychotherapy: Rational-emotive therapy versus systematic desensitization in the treatment of stuttering. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 44, 309-311.
60. Morrow, G. R. (1986). Effect of the cognitive hierarchy in the systematic desensitization treatment of anticipatory nausea in cancer patients: A component comparison with relaxation only, counseling, and no treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 10, 421-466.
61. Navarro, A.M. (1990). Eficacia de las terapias psicologicas: Meta-análisis de estudios en paises de habla hispana [Effectiveness of psychological therapies: Meta-analysis of outcome studies in Spanish-speaking countries]. Revista de Psicología Social y Personalidad, 6, 87-99.
62. Navarro, A. M. (1993). Efectividad de las psicoterapias con Latinos en los Estados Unidos: Una revisión meta-analitica [Effectiveness of psychotherapy with Latinos in the United States: A meta-analytic review). Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 27, 131-146.
63. Nicholson, R. A., & Berman, J. S. (1983). Is follow-up necessary in evaluating psychotherapy? Psychological Bulletin, 93, 261-278.
64. Nietzel, M. T., Russell, R. L., Hemmings, K. A., & Gretter, M. L. (1987). Clinical significance of psychotherapy for unipolar depression: A meta-analytic approach to social comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 156-161.
65. Norcross, J. C., & Prochaska, J. O. (1982). A national survey of clinical psychologists: Characteristics and activities. Clinical Psychologist, 35, 5-8.
66. Office of Technology Assessment. (1982). Technology transfer at the National Institutes of Health. A technical memorandum (Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 82-600529). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
67. Office of Technology Assessment. (1994, September). Identifying health technologies that work: Searching for evidence (Publication no. OTAH-608). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
68. Omizo, M. M., & Michael, W. B. (1982). Biofeedback-induced relaxation training and impulsivity, attention to task, and locus of control among hyperactive boys. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 15, 414-416.
69. Parson, B. V., & Alexander, J. F. (1973). Short-term family intervention: A therapy outcome study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 41, 195-201,
70. Perlman, B. (1985). A national survey of APA-affiliated masters-level clinicians: Description and comparison. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 16, 553-564.
71. Persons, R. W., & Pepinsky, H. B. (1966). Convergence in psychotherapy with delinquent boys. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 13, 329-334.
72. Piper, W. E., Azim, H. R, McCallum, M., & Joyce, A. S. (1990). Patient suitability and outcome in short-term individual psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 475-481.
73. Poser, E. G. (1966). The effects of therapists' training on group therapeutic outcome. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 30, 283-289.
74. Prochaska, J. Q, & Norcross, J. C. (1983). Contemporary psychotherapists: A national survey of characteristics, practices, orientations, and attitudes. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research & Practice, 20, 161-173.
75. Prout, H. T., & DeMartino, R. A. (1986). A meta-analysis of school-based studies of psychotherapy. Journal of School Psychology, 24, 285-292.
76. Robinson, L. A., Bertram, J. S., & Neimeyer, R. A. (1990). Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: A comprehensive review of controlled outcome research. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 30-49.
77. Sacks, J. M., & Berger, S. (1954). Group therapy techniques with hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 18, 297-302.
78. Schandl, V., & Loschenkohl, E. (1980). Kind im Krankenhaus: Evaluierung eines Interventionsprogrammes bei Verhaltensstorungen [Children in hospitals: An evaluation of an intervention program for behavioral disorders]. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 29, 252-258.
79. Seligman, M. E. P. (1995). The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study. American Psychologist, 50, 965-974.
80. Shadish, W. R. (1995). The logic of generalization: Five principles common to experiments and ethnographies. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 419-428.
81. Shadish, W. R., Montgomery, L. M., Wilson, P., Wilson, M. R., Bright, I., & Okwumabua, T. (1993). Effects of family and marital psychotherapies: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 992-1002.
82. Shadish, W. R., & Ragsdale, K. (1996). Random versus nonrandom assignment in psychotherapy experiments: Do you get the same answer? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1290-1305.
83. Shapiro, D. A., & Shapiro, D. (1982). Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies: A replication and refinement. Psychological Bulletin, 92, 581-604.
84. Shefler, G., & Dasberg, H. (1989, June). A randomized controlled outcome and follow-up study of James Mann's time-limited psychotherapy in a Jerusalem community mental health center. Paper presented at the annual convention of the Society for Psychotherapy Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
85. Shoham-Salomon, V., & Rosenthal, R. (1987). Paradoxical interventions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 22-28.
86. Sloan, R. B., Staples, F. R., Cristol, A. H., Yorkston, N. J., & Whipple, K. (1975). Psychotherapy versus behavior therapy. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press.
87. Smith, M. L., Glass, G. V., & Miller, T. I. (1980). The benefits of psychotherapy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
88. Steier, F. (1983). Family interaction and properties of self-organizing systems: A study of family therapy with addict families. Dissertation Abstracts International, 44, 863A. (University Microfilms No. 83-16093)
89. Stein, D. M., & Lambert, M. J. (1995). Graduate training in psychotherapy: Are therapy outcomes enhanced? Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 182-196.
90. Steinbrueck, S. M., Maxwell, S. E., & Howard, G. S. (1983). A meta-analysis of psychotherapy and drug therapy in the treatment of unipolar depression with adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51, 856-863.
91. Stotsky, B. A., Daston, P. G., & Vardack, C. N. (1955). An evaluation of the counseling of chronic schizophrenics. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2, 248-255.
92. Stover, L., & Guerney, B. (1967). The efficacy of training procedures for mothers in filial therapy. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 4, 110-115.
93. Svartberg, M., & Stiles, T. C. (1991). Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 59, 704-714.
94. Szapocznik, J., Santisteban, D., Rio, A., Perez-Vidal, A., Santisteban, D., & Kurtines, W. M. (1989). Family effectiveness training: An intervention to prevent drug abuse and problem behaviors in Hispanic adolescents. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, II, 4-27.
95. Task Force on Promotion and Dissemination of Psychological Procedures. (1995, Winter). Training in and dissemination of empirically validated psychological treatments: Report and recommendations. The Clinical Psychologist, 48, 3-24.
96. Task Force on Psychological Intervention Guidelines. (1995, July 21). Template for developing guidelines: Interventions for mental disorders and psychosocial aspects of physical disorders. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
97. Thompson, L. W., Gallagher, D., & Breckenridge, J. S. (1987). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies for depressed elders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 385-390.
98. Truax, C. B., Wargo, D. G., & Silber, L. D. (1966). Effects of group psychotherapy with high accurate empathy and nonpossessive warmth upon female institutionalized delinquents. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71, 267-274.
99. Trull, T. J., Nietzel, M. T, & Main, A. (1988). The use of meta-analysis to assess the clinical significance of behavior therapy for agoraphobia. Behavior Therapy, 19, 527-538.
100. Ullrich de Muynck, R., & Ullrich, R. (1980). Erster Effizienznachweis des Assertiveness-Training-Programm (ATP) [First evidence for the effectiveness of the Assertiveness-Training-Program (ATP)]. In R. Ullrich (Ed.), Soziale Kompetenz (Bd. II, pp. 1-20). Munich: Pfeiffer.
101. Ullrich de Muynck, R., & Ullrich, R. (1980). Spezifische Effekte des ATP im Arbeits-und Leistungsbereich [Specific effects of ATP in the areas of work and performance]. In R. Ullrich (Ed.), Soziale Kompetenz (Bd. II, pp. 21-32). Munich: Pfeiffer.
102. Webster-Stratton, C. (1984). Randomized trial of two parent-training programs for families with conduct-disordered children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52, 666-678.
103. Weissman, M. M., Prusoff, B. A., DiMascio, A., Neu, C., Goklaney, M., & Klerman, G. L. (1979). The efficacy of drugs and psychotherapy in the treatment of acute depressive episodes. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 555-558.
104. Weisz, J. R., Donenberg, G. R., Han, S. S., & Weiss, B. (1995). Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63, 688-701.
105. Weisz, J. R., Weiss, B., Alicke, M. D., & Klotz, M. L. (1987). Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents: A meta-analysis for clinicians. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55, 542-549.
106. Weisz, J. R., Weiss, B., & Donenberg, G. R. (1992). The lab versus the clinic: Effects of child and adolescent psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 47, 1578-1585.
107. White, K., & Allen, R. (1971). Art counseling in an educational setting: Self-concept change among pre-adolescent boys. Journal of School Psychology, 9, 218-225.
108. Wittmann, W. W, & Matt, G. E. (1986). Meta-Analyse als Integration von Forschungsergebnissen am Beispiel deutschsprachiger Arbeiten zur Effektivität von Psychotherapie [Meta-analysis as a method for integrating psychotherapy studies in German-speaking countries]. Psychologische Rundschau, 37, 20-40.
109. Wolk, R. L., & Goldfarb, A. I. (1967). The response to group psychotherapy of aged recent admissions compared with long-term mental hospital patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 123, 1251-1257.