메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 40, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 736-747

Deep brain stimulation for intractable pain: A 15-year experience

Author keywords

Chronic pain; Deep brain electrical stimulation; Periaqueductal gray matter; Sensory thalamus

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ANALGESIA; ARTICLE; BACKACHE; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; CANCER PAIN; CAUSALGIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INTRACTABLE PAIN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; PHANTOM PAIN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RADICULOPATHY; SPINAL CORD LESION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; TRIGEMINUS NEURALGIA;

EID: 0030998088     PISSN: 0148396X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199704000-00015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (301)

References (64)
  • 1
    • 0017601992 scopus 로고
    • Technique and technical problems associated with implantation of neuroaugmentative devices
    • Adams ]E: Technique and technical problems associated with implantation of neuroaugmentative devices. AppI Neurophysiol 40:111-123,1977-1978.
    • (1977) AppI Neurophysiol , vol.40 , pp. 111-123
    • Adams, E.1
  • 2
    • 0016296199 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of internal capsule for relief of chronic pain
    • Adams JE, Hosobuchi Y, Fields HL: Stimulation of internal capsule for relief of chronic pain. J Neurosurg 41:740-744, 1974.
    • (1974) J Neurosurg , vol.41 , pp. 740-744
    • Adams, J.E.1    Hosobuchi, Y.2    Fields, H.L.3
  • 3
    • 0018133978 scopus 로고
    • Enkephalin-like material elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients after analgesic focal stimulation
    • Akil H, Richardson DE, Hughes J, Barchas JD: Enkephalin-like material elevated in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of pain patients after analgesic focal stimulation. Science 201:468-475,1978.
    • (1978) Science , vol.201 , pp. 468-475
    • Akil, H.1    De Richardson2    Hughes, J.3    Barchas, J.D.4
  • 4
    • 0022492457 scopus 로고
    • Autopsy analysis of the safety, efficacy and cartography of electrical stimulation of the central grey in humans
    • Baskin DS, Mahler WR, Hosobuchi Y, Richardson DE, Adams JE, Flitter MA: Autopsy analysis of the safety, efficacy and cartography of electrical stimulation of the central grey in humans. Brain Res 371:231-236, 1986.
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.371 , pp. 231-236
    • Baskin, D.S.1    Mahler, W.R.2    Hosobuchi, Y.3    Richardson, D.E.4    Flitter Ma, A.J.E.5
  • 5
    • 0020641122 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of chronic pain: Aspects of reliability and validity of visual analogue scale
    • Carlsson AM: Assessment of chronic pain: Aspects of reliability and validity of visual analogue scale. Pain 16:87-101, 1983.
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 87-101
    • Carlsson, A.M.1
  • 6
    • 0020041299 scopus 로고
    • Initial and long-term results of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain
    • Dieckmann G, Witzmann A: Initial and long-term results of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain. Appl Neurophysiol 45:167-172,1982.
    • (1982) Appl Neurophysiol , vol.45 , pp. 167-172
    • Dieckmann, G.1    Witzmann, A.2
  • 7
    • 0021705683 scopus 로고
    • Contrast medium causes the apparent increase in beta-endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid following brain stimulation
    • Dionne RA, Mueller GP, Young RF, Greenberg RP, Hargreaves KM, Gracely R, Dubner R: Contrast medium causes the apparent increase in beta-endorphin levels in human cerebrospinal fluid following brain stimulation. Pain 20:313-321, 1984.
    • (1984) Pain , vol.20 , pp. 313-321
    • Dionne, R.A.1    Mueller, G.P.2    Young, R.F.3    Greenberg, R.P.4    Hargreaves, K.M.5    Gracely, R.6    Dubner, R.7
  • 9
    • 0016206559 scopus 로고
    • Pain after cortical injury relieved by electrical stimulation of the internal capsule
    • Fields HL, Adams JE: Pain after cortical injury relieved by electrical stimulation of the internal capsule. Brain 97:169-178, 1974.
    • (1974) Brain , vol.97 , pp. 169-178
    • Fields, H.L.1    Adams, J.E.2
  • 10
    • 0006494514 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy and physiology of a descending pain control system
    • in Bonica , Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): New York, Raven Press
    • Fields HL, Basbnum AI: Anatomy and physiology of a descending pain control system, in Bonica ]], Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York, Raven Press, 1979, vol 3, p 427.
    • (1979) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. , vol.3 , pp. 427
    • Fields, H.L.1    Basbnum, A.I.2
  • 11
    • 0002587501 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of seven years' experience with depth electrode studies in human patients
    • in Ramey ER, O'Doherty DS (eds): New York, Paul B. Hoeber
    • Heath RG, Mickle VVA: Evaluation of seven years' experience with depth electrode studies in human patients, in Ramey ER, O'Doherty DS (eds): Electrical Studies on the Unancsthetized Brain. New York, Paul B. Hoeber, 1960, pp 214-247.
    • (1960) Electrical Studies on the Unancsthetized Brain. , pp. 214-247
    • Heath, R.G.1    Vva, M.2
  • 12
    • 84940143964 scopus 로고
    • The current status of analgesic brain stimulation
    • Hosobuchi Y: The current status of analgesic brain stimulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 30:79-84, 1980.
    • (1980) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.30 , pp. 79-84
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1
  • 13
    • 0022445533 scopus 로고
    • Subcortical electrical stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans
    • Hosobuchi Y: Subcortical electrical stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans. J Neurosurg 64:543-553, 1986.
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.64 , pp. 543-553
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1
  • 14
    • 0023102160 scopus 로고
    • Dorsal periaqueductal gray matter stimulation in humans
    • Hosobuchi Y: Dorsal periaqueductal gray matter stimulation in humans. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 10:213-216, 1987.
    • (1987) Pacing Clin Electrophysiol , vol.10 , pp. 213-216
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1
  • 15
    • 0027714420 scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical stimulation for control of central deafferentation pain
    • Hosobuchi Y: Motor cortical stimulation for control of central deafferentation pain. Adv Neurol 63:215-217,1993.
    • (1993) Adv Neurol , vol.63 , pp. 215-217
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1
  • 16
    • 0017739783 scopus 로고
    • Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the central grey matter in humans and its reversal by naloxone
    • Hosobuchi Y, Adams JE, Linchitz R: Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the central grey matter in humans and its reversal by naloxone. Science 19:183-186, 1977.
    • (1977) Science , vol.19 , pp. 183-186
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1    Adams, J.E.2    Linchitz, R.3
  • 17
    • 0015847137 scopus 로고
    • Chronic thalamic stimulation for the control of facial anesthesia dolorosa
    • Hosobuchi Y, Adams JE, Rutkin B: Chronic thalamic stimulation for the control of facial anesthesia dolorosa. Arch Neurol 29:158161, 1973.
    • (1973) Arch Neurol , vol.29 , pp. 158161
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1    Adams, J.E.2    Rutkin, B.3
  • 18
    • 0018953362 scopus 로고
    • Tryptophan loading may reverse tolerance to opiate analgesics in humans: A preliminary report
    • Hosobuchi Y, Lamb S, Bascom D: Tryptophan loading may reverse tolerance to opiate analgesics in humans: A preliminary report. Pain 9:161-169, 1980.
    • (1980) Pain , vol.9 , pp. 161-169
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1    Lamb, S.2    Bascom, D.3
  • 19
    • 33847424822 scopus 로고
    • Periaqueductal grey 'Stimulation for pain suppression in humans
    • in Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): New York, Raven Press
    • Hosobuchi Y, Rossier J, Bloom FE, Guillemin R: Periaqueductal grey 'Stimulation for pain suppression in humans, in Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York, Raven Press, 1979, vol 3, pp 515-523.
    • (1979) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. , vol.3 , pp. 515-523
    • Hosobuchi, Y.1    Rossier, J.2    Bloom, F.E.3    Guillemin, R.4
  • 20
    • 0016706732 scopus 로고
    • Isolation of an endogenous compound from brain with pharmacological properties similar to morphine
    • Hughes J: Isolation of an endogenous compound from brain with pharmacological properties similar to morphine. Brain Res 88: 295-308,1975.
    • (1975) Brain Res , vol.88 , pp. 295-308
    • Hughes, J.1
  • 21
    • 33847445252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Purification and properties of enkephalin: The possible ligand for morphine receptor
    • in Goldstein A (ed): New York, Pergamon Press
    • Hughes J, Smith T, Morgan B, Fothergill L: Purification and properties of enkephalin: The possible ligand for morphine receptor, in Goldstein A (ed): The Opiate Narcotics. New York, Pergamon Press, 1975, pp 1-6.
    • The Opiate Narcotics. , vol.1975 , pp. 1-6
    • Hughes, J.1    Smith, T.2    Morgan, B.3    Fothergill, L.4
  • 22
    • 0001771146 scopus 로고
    • Visual analogue scale
    • in Melzack R (ed): New York, Raven Press
    • Hukkison S: Visual analogue scale, in Melzack R (ed): Pain Measurement and Assessment. New York, Raven Press, 1983, pp 33-40.
    • (1983) Pain Measurement and Assessment. , pp. 33-40
    • Hukkison, S.1
  • 23
    • 0021925043 scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation for alleviating chronic pain
    • Kumar K, Wyant GM: Deep brain stimulation for alleviating chronic pain. Can J Surg 28:20-22,1985.
    • (1985) Can J Surg , vol.28 , pp. 20-22
    • Kumar, K.1    Wyant, G.M.2
  • 24
    • 0343317297 scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans
    • Kumar K, Wyant GM: Deep brain stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans. Transpl Implant Today 4:43-46,1987.
    • (1987) Transpl Implant Today , vol.4 , pp. 43-46
    • Kumar, K.1    Wyant, G.M.2
  • 25
    • 0025820436 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: A ten-year experience
    • Kumar K, Nath R, Wyant GM: Treatment of chronic pain by epidural spinal cord stimulation: A ten-year experience. J Neurosurg 75:402-407, 1991.
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 402-407
    • Kumar, K.1    Nath, R.2    Wyant, G.M.3
  • 26
    • 0025320951 scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans, present and future: A ten-year follow-up
    • Kumar K, Wyant GM, Nath R: Deep brain stimulation for control of intractable pain in humans, present and future: A ten-year follow-up. Neurosurgery 26:774-782, 1990.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.26 , pp. 774-782
    • Kumar, K.1    Wyant, G.M.2    Nath, R.3
  • 27
    • 0023610847 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic pain by deep brain stimulation: Long-term follow-up and review of the literature
    • Levy RM, Lamb S, Adams JE: Treatment of chronic pain by deep brain stimulation: Long-term follow-up and review of the literature. Neurosurgery 21:885-893,1987.
    • (1987) Neurosurgery , vol.21 , pp. 885-893
    • Levy, R.M.1    Lamb, S.2    Adams, J.E.3
  • 28
    • 0021686316 scopus 로고
    • Analgesia produced by electrical stimulation of the brain
    • Mayer DJ: Analgesia produced by electrical stimulation of the brain. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 8:557-564, 1984.
    • (1984) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.8 , pp. 557-564
    • Mayer, D.J.1
  • 29
    • 0015238897 scopus 로고
    • Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brain stem of the rat
    • Mayer DJ, Wolfe TL, Akil H, Carder B, Liebeskind JC: Analgesia from electrical stimulation in the brain stem of the rat. Science 174:1351-1354, 1971.
    • (1971) Science , vol.174 , pp. 1351-1354
    • Mayer, D.J.1    Wolfe, T.L.2    Akil, H.3    Carder, B.4    Liebeskind, J.C.5
  • 30
    • 0016594528 scopus 로고
    • Intermittent stimulation of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis for intractable pain
    • Mazar GJ: Intermittent stimulation of nucleus ventralis posterolateralis for intractable pain. Surg Neurol 4:93-95,1975.
    • (1975) Surg Neurol , vol.4 , pp. 93-95
    • Mazar, G.J.1
  • 31
    • 0016188345 scopus 로고
    • Traitement de certains types de douleurs pars de stimulateurs thalamiques implantables
    • Mazar GJ, Merienne L, Cioloca C: Traitement de certains types de douleurs pars de stimulateurs thalamiques implantables. Neurochirurgica 20:117-124, 1974.
    • (1974) Neurochirurgica , vol.20 , pp. 117-124
    • Mazar, G.J.1    Merienne, L.2    Cioloca, C.3
  • 32
    • 0001391989 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of electrical stimulation of posterior thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and other midline mesencephalic structures in man
    • in Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): New York, Raven Press
    • Mazar GJ, Merienne L, Cioloca C: Comparative study of electrical stimulation of posterior thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and other midline mesencephalic structures in man, in Bonica JJ, Liebeskind JC, Albe-Fessard DG (eds): Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York, Raven Press, 1979, vol 3, p 541.
    • (1979) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. , vol.3 , pp. 541
    • Mazar, G.J.1    Merienne, L.2    Cioloca, C.3
  • 33
    • 0002542642 scopus 로고
    • The McGill pain questionnaire
    • in Melzack R (ed): New York, Raven Press
    • Melzack R: The McGill pain questionnaire, in Melzack R (ed): Pain Measurement and Assessment. New York, Raven Press, 1983, pp 41-48.
    • (1983) Pain Measurement and Assessment.
    • Melzack, R.1
  • 34
    • 0018084750 scopus 로고
    • Phantom body pain in paraplegics: Evidence for central "pattern-generating mechanism" for pain
    • Melzack R, Loeser JD: Phantom body pain in paraplegics: Evidence for central "pattern-generating mechanism" for pain. Pain 4:195-210, 1978.
    • (1978) Pain , vol.4 , pp. 195-210
    • Melzack, R.1    Loeser, J.D.2
  • 35
    • 0013851199 scopus 로고
    • Pain mechanisms: A new theory
    • Melzack R, Wall PD: Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science 150:971-979,1965.
    • (1965) Science , vol.150 , pp. 971-979
    • Melzack, R.1    Wall, P.D.2
  • 36
    • 0019265326 scopus 로고
    • Biochemistry of pain relief with intracerebral stimulation: Few facts and many hypotheses
    • Meyerson BA: Biochemistry of pain relief with intracerebral stimulation: Few facts and many hypotheses. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 30:229-237,1980.
    • (1980) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.30 , pp. 229-237
    • Meyerson, B.A.1
  • 37
    • 0001202248 scopus 로고
    • Electrostimulation procedures: Effects, presumed rationale, and possible mechanisms
    • in Bonica JJ, Lindblom U, Iggo A (eds): New York, Raven Press
    • Meyerson BA: Electrostimulation procedures: Effects, presumed rationale, and possible mechanisms, in Bonica JJ, Lindblom U, Iggo A (eds): Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. New York, Raven Press, 1983, vol 5, pp 495-534.
    • (1983) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. , vol.5
    • Meyerson, B.A.1
  • 38
    • 0020046946 scopus 로고
    • Programmed stimulation for control of chronic pain and motor diseases
    • Mundinger F, Neumuller H: Programmed stimulation for control of chronic pain and motor diseases. Appl Neurophysiol 45:102111,1982.
    • (1982) Appl Neurophysiol , vol.45 , pp. 102111
    • Mundinger, F.1    Neumuller, H.2
  • 39
    • 0021712352 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule for treatment of thalamic pain
    • Namba S, Nakao Y, Matsumoto Y, Ohmoto T, Nishimoto A: Electrical stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule for treatment of thalamic pain. Appl Neurophysiol 47:137-148, 1984.
    • (1984) Appl Neurophysiol , vol.47 , pp. 137-148
    • Namba, S.1    Nakao, Y.2    Matsumoto, Y.3    Ohmoto, T.4    Nishimoto, A.5
  • 40
    • 0021995596 scopus 로고
    • Sensory and motor responses to deep brain stimulation: Correlation with anatomical structures
    • Namba S, Wani T, Shimizu Y, Fujiwara N, Namba Y, Nakamua S, Nishimoto A: Sensory and motor responses to deep brain stimulation: Correlation with anatomical structures. J Neurosurg 63: 224-234,1985.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.63 , pp. 224-234
    • Namba, S.1    Wani, T.2    Shimizu, Y.3    Fujiwara, N.4    Namba, Y.5    Nakamua, S.6    Nishimoto, A.7
  • 42
    • 0028273808 scopus 로고
    • Consensus conference on the neurosurgical management of pain
    • North RB, Levy RM: Consensus conference on the neurosurgical management of pain. Neurosurgery 34:756-761, 1994.
    • (1994) Neurosurgery , vol.34 , pp. 756-761
    • North, R.B.1    Levy, R.M.2
  • 44
    • 0023915161 scopus 로고
    • Immunocytochemical localization of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in human brain areas subserving stimulation analgesia
    • Pilcher WH, Joseph SA, McDonald JZ: Immunocytochemical localization of pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in human brain areas subserving stimulation analgesia. J Neurosurg 68:621-629, 1988.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 621-629
    • Pilcher, W.H.1    Joseph, S.A.2    McDonald, J.Z.3
  • 45
    • 0038827483 scopus 로고
    • Results in 60 cases of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain
    • in Brock M (ed): Berlin, Springer-Verlag
    • Plotkin R: Results in 60 cases of deep brain stimulation for chronic intractable pain, in Brock M (ed): Modern Neurosurgery. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1982, pp 454-459.
    • (1982) Modern Neurosurgery. , pp. 454-459
    • Plotkin, R.1
  • 46
    • 0342882418 scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormonal response to stimulation of electrodes implanted in subfrontal parts of the brain
    • in Fields WS, Guillemin R, Carton CA (eds): Springfield, Charles C Thomas
    • Pool JL, Clark WK, Hudson P, Lombardo M: Steroid hormonal response to stimulation of electrodes implanted in subfrontal parts of the brain, in Fields WS, Guillemin R, Carton CA (eds): Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Interrelationships. Springfield, Charles C Thomas, 1956, pp 114-124.
    • (1956) Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal Interrelationships. , pp. 114-124
    • Pool, J.L.1    Clark, W.K.2    Hudson, P.3    Lombardo, M.4
  • 48
    • 0019752931 scopus 로고
    • Electrical and chemical stimulation of the CNS for direct means for pain control: Present and future
    • Ray CD: Electrical and chemical stimulation of the CNS for direct means for pain control: Present and future. Clin Neurosurg 28: 564-588,1981.
    • (1981) Clin Neurosurg , vol.28 , pp. 564-588
    • Ray, C.D.1
  • 49
    • 0019285920 scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation for severe chronic pain
    • Ray CD, Burton CV: Deep brain stimulation for severe chronic pain. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 30:289-293,1980.
    • (1980) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.30 , pp. 289-293
    • Ray, C.D.1    Burton, C.V.2
  • 50
    • 0020471789 scopus 로고
    • Neurostimulation as used in a large clinical practice
    • Ray CD, Burton CV, Lifson A: Neurostimulation as used in a large clinical practice. Appl Neurophysiol 45:160-166,1982.
    • (1982) Appl Neurophysiol , vol.45 , pp. 160-166
    • Ray, C.D.1    Burton, C.V.2    Lifson, A.3
  • 51
    • 0014690325 scopus 로고
    • The surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation
    • Reynolds DV: The surgery in the rat during electrical analgesia induced by focal brain stimulation. Science 164:444-445, 1969.
    • (1969) Science , vol.164 , pp. 444-445
    • Reynolds, D.V.1
  • 52
    • 0343317289 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for relief of chronic pain in the human
    • in Brock M (ed): Berlin, Springer-Verlag
    • Richardson DE: Long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for relief of chronic pain in the human, in Brock M (ed): Modern Neiirosnrgery. Berlin, Springer-Verlag, 1982, pp 449-453.
    • (1982) Modern Neiirosnrgery. , pp. 449-453
    • Richardson, D.E.1
  • 53
    • 0028945095 scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation in relief of chronic pain
    • Richardson DE: Deep brain stimulation in relief of chronic pain. Ncurosurg Clin North Am 6:135-144, 1995.
    • (1995) Ncurosurg Clin North Am , vol.6 , pp. 135-144
    • Richardson, D.E.1
  • 54
    • 0017681512 scopus 로고
    • Pain reduction by electrical brain stimulation in man
    • Richardson DE, Akil H: Pain reduction by electrical brain stimulation in man. J Neurosurg 41:178-194, 1977.
    • (1977) J Neurosurg , vol.41 , pp. 178-194
    • Richardson, D.E.1    Akil, H.2
  • 55
    • 0021995417 scopus 로고
    • Reduced anesthetic requirement after electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter
    • Roizen MS, Newfield P, Eger El, Hosobuchi Y, Adams JE, Lamb S: Reduced anesthetic requirement after electrical stimulation of periaqueductal gray matter. Anesthesiology 62:120-123,1985.
    • (1985) Anesthesiology , vol.62 , pp. 120-123
    • Roizen, M.S.1    Newfield, P.2    El, E.3    Hosobuchi, Y.4    Adams, J.E.5    Lamb, S.6
  • 57
    • 0006985870 scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of electrical stimulation in the treatment of pain by means of implanted electrodes (epidural spinal cord and deep brain stimulation)
    • in Rizzi R, Visentin M (eds): Amsterdam, Elsevier Biomédical Press
    • Siegfried J: Long-term results of electrical stimulation in the treatment of pain by means of implanted electrodes (epidural spinal cord and deep brain stimulation), in Rizzi R, Visentin M (eds): Pain Therapy. Amsterdam, Elsevier Biomédical Press, 1983, pp 463-175.
    • (1983) Pain Therapy. , pp. 463-1175
    • Siegfried, J.1
  • 58
    • 0021356483 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic relay nucleus stimulation for relief of intractable pain: Clinical results and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid
    • Tsubokawa T, Yamamoto T, Katayama Y, Hirayama T, Shibuya H: Thalamic relay nucleus stimulation for relief of intractable pain: Clinical results and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid. Pain 18:115-126, 1984.
    • (1984) Pain , vol.18 , pp. 115-126
    • Tsubokawa, T.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Katayama, Y.3    Hirayama, T.4    Shibuya, H.5
  • 59
    • 0018899484 scopus 로고
    • Thalamic stimulation for neuropathic pain
    • Turnbull I, Shulman R, Woodhurst \V: Thalamic stimulation for neuropathic pain. J Neurosurg 52:486-493,1980.
    • (1980) J Neurosurg , vol.52 , pp. 486-493
    • Turnbull, I.1    Shulman, R.2    Woodhurst, V.3
  • 61
    • 0023134070 scopus 로고
    • Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter: Evidence for a non-opiod mechanism
    • Young RF, Chambi VI: Pain relief by electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal and periventricular gray matter: Evidence for a non-opiod mechanism. J Neurosurg 66:364-371,1987.
    • (1987) J Neurosurg , vol.66 , pp. 364-371
    • Young, R.F.1    Chambi, V.I.2
  • 62
    • 0002875614 scopus 로고
    • Brain stimulation for relief of chronic pain
    • in Wall PD, Melzack R (eds): New York, Churchill Livingstone
    • Young RF, Rinaldi PC: Brain stimulation for relief of chronic pain, in Wall PD, Melzack R (eds): Textbook of Pain. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1994, pp 1225-1233.
    • (1994) Textbook of Pain. , pp. 1225-1233
    • Young, R.F.1    Rinaldi, P.C.2
  • 63
    • 0027495913 scopus 로고
    • Release of beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin into cerebrospinal fluid during deep brain stimulation for chronic pain: Effects of stimulation locus and site of sampling
    • Young RF, Flemming WB, van Norman AS, Yaksh TL: Release of beta-endorphin and methionine-enkephalin into cerebrospinal fluid during deep brain stimulation for chronic pain: Effects of stimulation locus and site of sampling. J Neurosurg 79:816-825, 1993.
    • (1993) J Neurosurg , vol.79 , pp. 816-825
    • Young, R.F.1    Flemming, W.B.2    Van Norman, A.S.3    Yaksh, T.L.4
  • 64
    • 0021943364 scopus 로고
    • Electrical stimulation of the brain in the treatment of chronic pain: Experience over 5 years
    • Young RF, Kroening R, Fulton W, Feldman RA, Chambi I: Electrical stimulation of the brain in the treatment of chronic pain: Experience over 5 years. J Neurosurg 62:389-396, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.62 , pp. 389-396
    • Young, R.F.1    Kroening, R.2    Fulton, W.3    Feldman, R.A.4    Chambi, I.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.