Backward masking performance in unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients: Evidence for a vulnerability indicator

Archives of General Psychiatry

Volumn 54, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 465-472

  Green, Michael F ^a,b,d   Nuechterlein, Keith H ^a   Breitmeyer, Bruno ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; GENETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; HUMAN; MALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SIBLING; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL MASKING;

EID: 0030987739     PISSN: 0003990X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830170091012     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Braff DL, Saccuzzo DP. Effect of antipsychotic medication on speed of information processing in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1982;139:1117-1130.
2. Green M, Walker E. Symptom correlates of vulnerability to backward masking in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1986;143:181-186.
3. Saccuzzo DP, Braff DL. Early information processing deficit in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1981;38:175-179.
4. Saccuzzo DP, Braff DL. Information-processing abnormalities. Schizophr Bull. 1986;12:447-459.
5. Schwartz BD, Winstead DK, Adinoff B. Temporal integration deficit in visual information processing by chronic schizophrenics. Biol Psychiatry. 1983;18: 1311-1320.
6. Rund BR. Backward-masking performance in chronic and nonchronic schizophrenics, affectively disturbed patients, and normal control subjects. J Abnorm Psychol. 1993;102:74-81.
7. Braff DL. Impaired speed of information processing in non-medicated schizotypal patients. Schizophr Bull. 1981;7:499-508.
8. Merritt RD, Balogh DW. The use of a backward masking paradigm to assess information-processing deficits among schizotypics: a re-evaluation of Steronko and Woods. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1984;172:216-224.
9. Saccuzzo DP, Schubert DL. Backward masking as a measure of slow processing in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. J Abnorm Psychol. 1981;90:305-312.
10. Steronko RJ, Woods DJ. Impairment in early stages of visual information processing in nonpsychotic schizotypic individuals. J Abnorm Psychol. 1978;87: 481-490.
11. Slaghuis WL, Bakker VJ. Forward and backward visual masking of contour by light in positive-and negative-symptom schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1995; 104:41-54.
12. Weiner RU, Opler LA, Kay SR, Merriam AE, Papouchis N. Visual information processing in positive, mixed, and negative schizophrenic syndromes. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1990;178:616-626.
13. Braff DL. Sensory input deficits and negative symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146:1006-1011.
14. Knight R. Specifying cognitive deficiencies in premorbid schizophrenics. Prog Exp Pers Psychopathol Res. 1992;15:252-289.
15. Miller S, Saccuzzo D, Braff D. Information processing deficits in remitted schizophrenics. J Abnorm Psychol. 1979;88:446-449.
16. Nuechterlein KH. Vulnerability models for schizophrenia: state of the art. In: Hafner H, Gattaz WF, Janzarik W, eds. Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1987:297-316.
17. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME. A heuristic vulnerability/stress model of schizophrenic episodes. Schizophr Bull. 1984;10:300-312.
18. Zubin J, Spring B. Vulnerability: a new view of schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 1977;86:103-126.
19. Breitmeyer BG, Ganz L. Implications of sustained and transient channels for theories of visual pattern masking, saccadic suppression, and information processing. Psychol Rev. 1976;83:1-36.
20. Breitmeyer BG. Visual Masking: An Integrative Approach. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1984.
21. Michaels CF, Turvey MT. Central sources of visual masking: indexing structures supporting seeing at a single, brief glance. Psychol Res. 1979;41:1-61.
22. Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Mintz J. Backward masking in schizophrenia and mania, I: specifying a mechanism. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:939-944.
23. Green MF, Nuechterlein KH, Mintz J. Backward masking in schizophrenia and mania, II: specifying the visual channels. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:945-951.
24. Wing JK, Cooper JE, Sartorius N. The Measurement and Classification of Psychiatric Symptoms. London, England: Cambridge University Press; 1974.
25. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Patient Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990. SCID-P, Version 1.0.
26. Endicott J, Spitzer RL. A diagnostic interview: the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1978;35:837-844.
27. Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R-Personality Disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990. SCID-II, Version 1.0.
28. Kendler KS, Diehl SR. The genetics of schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1993; 19:261-285.
29. DeAmicis LA, Cromwell RL. Reaction time crossover in process schizophrenic patients, their relatives, and control subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1977;167:593-600.
30. Erlenmeyer-Kimling L, Cornblatt B. High risk research in schizophrenia: a summary of what has been learned. J Psychiatr Res. 1987;21:401-411.
31. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME. Information processing and attentional functioning in the developmental course of schizophrenic disorders. Schizophr Bull. 1984;10:160-203.
32. Nuechterlein KH. Signal detection in vigilance tasks and behavioral attributes among offspring of schizophrenic mothers and among hyperactive children. J Abnorm Psychol. 1983;92:4-28.
33. Rutschmann J, Cornblatt B, Erlenmeyer-Kimling L. Sustained attention in children at risk for schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1977;34:571-575.
34. Nuechterlein KH. Vigilance in schizophrenia and related disorders. In: Steinhauer SR, Gruzelier JH, Zubin J, eds. Handbook of Schizophrenia: Neuropsychology, Psychophysiology, and Information Processing. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1991;5.
35. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME, Ventura J, Fogelson D, Gitlin M, Mintz J. Testing vulnerability models: stability of potential vulnerability indicators across clinical state. In: Hafner H, Gattaz WF, eds. Search for the Causes of Schizophrenia. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1991:2:177-191.
36. Nuechterlein KH, Dawson ME, Green MF. Information-processing abnormalities as neuropsychological vulnerability indicators for schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994;90:71-79.
37. Maguire G, Hamasaki DI. The retinal dopamine network alters the adaptational properties of retinal ganglion cells in the cat. J Neurophysiol. 1994;72:730-741.
38. Schwartz BD, Evans WJ, Pena JM, Winstead DK. Visible persistence decay rates for schizophrenics and substance abusers. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;36:662-669.
39. Holzman PS. Parsing cognition: the power of psychology paradigms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:952-954.