메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 77, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 2585-2604

Fast-to-slow conversion following chronic low-frequency activation of medial gastrocnemius muscle in cats. I. Muscle and motor unit properties

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CAT; FAST MUSCLE; GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE; HISTOCHEMISTRY; MOTOR UNIT; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE EXCITATION; MUSCLE FORCE; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; MUSCLE TETANIC CONTRACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SLOW MUSCLE;

EID: 0030986599     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2585     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (48)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0025056864 scopus 로고
    • Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in stimulated fast and slow rat muscles
    • AUSONI, S., GORZA, L., SCHIAFFINO, S., GUNDERSEN, K., AND LÖMO, T. Expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in stimulated fast and slow rat muscles. J. Neurosci. 10: 153-160, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Neurosci. , vol.10 , pp. 153-160
    • Ausoni, S.1    Gorza, L.2    Schiaffino, S.3    Gundersen, K.4    Lömo, T.5
  • 2
    • 0017233094 scopus 로고
    • The effect of different patterns of muscle activity on capillary density, mechanical properties and structure of slow and fast rabbit muscles
    • BROWN, M. S., COTTER, M. A., HUDLICKA, O., AND VRBOVA, G. The effect of different patterns of muscle activity on capillary density, mechanical properties and structure of slow and fast rabbit muscles. Pfluegers Arch. 361: 241-250, 1976.
    • (1976) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.361 , pp. 241-250
    • Brown, M.S.1    Cotter, M.A.2    Hudlicka, O.3    Vrbova, G.4
  • 3
    • 72849173018 scopus 로고
    • Interactions between motoneurones and muscles in respect of the characteristic speeds of their responses
    • BULLER, A. J., ECCLES, J. C., AND ECCLES, R. M. Interactions between motoneurones and muscles in respect of the characteristic speeds of their responses. J. Physiol. Lond. 150: 417-439, 1960.
    • (1960) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.150 , pp. 417-439
    • Buller, A.J.1    Eccles, J.C.2    Eccles, R.M.3
  • 4
    • 0000076646 scopus 로고
    • Motor units: Anatomy, physiology and functional organization
    • Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., sect. 1
    • BURKE, R. E. Motor units: Anatomy, physiology and functional organization. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, sect. 1, vol. II, p. 345-422.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control , vol.2 , pp. 345-422
    • Burke, R.E.1
  • 5
    • 0015687892 scopus 로고
    • Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius
    • BURKE, R. E., LEVINE, D. N., TSAIRIS, P., AND ZAJAC, F. E. Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius. J. Physiol. Lond. 234: 723-748, 1973.
    • (1973) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.234 , pp. 723-748
    • Burke, R.E.1    Levine, D.N.2    Tsairis, P.3    Zajac, F.E.4
  • 6
    • 0025266785 scopus 로고
    • Development of muscle fiber types in the prenatal rat hindlimb
    • CONDON, K., SILBERSTEIN, L., BLAU, H. M., AND THOMPSON, W. J. Development of muscle fiber types in the prenatal rat hindlimb. Dev. Biol. 138: 256-274, 1990a.
    • (1990) Dev. Biol. , vol.138 , pp. 256-274
    • Condon, K.1    Silberstein, L.2    Blau, H.M.3    Thompson, W.J.4
  • 7
    • 0025317182 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of fiber types in aneural musculature of the prenatal rat hindlimb
    • CONDON, K., SILBERSTEIN, L., BLAU, H. M., AND THOMPSON, W. J. Differentiation of fiber types in aneural musculature of the prenatal rat hindlimb. Dev. Biol. 138: 275-295, 1990b.
    • (1990) Dev. Biol. , vol.138 , pp. 275-295
    • Condon, K.1    Silberstein, L.2    Blau, H.M.3    Thompson, W.J.4
  • 8
    • 0018196363 scopus 로고
    • Compound action potentials recorded from mammalian peripheral nerves following ligation or resuturing
    • DAVIS, L. A., GORDON, T., HOFFER, J. A., JHAMANDAS J., AND STEIN, R. B. Compound action potentials recorded from mammalian peripheral nerves following ligation or resuturing. J. Physiol. Lond. 285: 543-559, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.285 , pp. 543-559
    • Davis, L.A.1    Gordon, T.2    Hoffer, J.A.3    Jhamandas, J.4    Stein, R.B.5
  • 9
    • 0023161938 scopus 로고
    • Fibre sizes and histochemical staining characteristics in normal and chronically stimulated fast muscle of cat
    • DONSELAAR, Y., EERBEEK, O., KERNELL, D., AND VERHEY, B. A. Fibre sizes and histochemical staining characteristics in normal and chronically stimulated fast muscle of cat. J. Physiol. Lond. 382: 237-254, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.382 , pp. 237-254
    • Donselaar, Y.1    Eerbeek, O.2    Kernell, D.3    Verhey, B.A.4
  • 10
    • 0021287069 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fast and slow patterns of tonic long-term stimulation on contractile properties of fast muscle in cat
    • EERBEEK, O., KERNELL, D., AND VERHEY, B. A. Effects of fast and slow patterns of tonic long-term stimulation on contractile properties of fast muscle in cat. J. Physiol. Lond. 352: 73-90, 1984.
    • (1984) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.352 , pp. 73-90
    • Eerbeek, O.1    Kernell, D.2    Verhey, B.A.3
  • 11
    • 0000504097 scopus 로고
    • The essentiality of histo-and cyto-chemical studies of skeletal muscle in the investigation of neuromuscular disease
    • ENGEL, W. K. The essentiality of histo-and cyto-chemical studies of skeletal muscle in the investigation of neuromuscular disease. Neurology 12: 778-784, 1962.
    • (1962) Neurology , vol.12 , pp. 778-784
    • Engel, W.K.1
  • 12
    • 0022718854 scopus 로고
    • Properties of self-reinnervated motor units in medial gastrocnemius of cat. I. Long-term reinnervation
    • FOEHRING, R. C., SYPERT, G. W., AND MUNSON, J. B. Properties of self-reinnervated motor units in medial gastrocnemius of cat. I. Long-term reinnervation. J. Neurophysiol. 55: 931-946, 1986a.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.55 , pp. 931-946
    • Foehring, R.C.1    Sypert, G.W.2    Munson, J.B.3
  • 13
    • 0022722233 scopus 로고
    • Properties of self-reinnervated motor units in medial gastrocnemius of cat. II. Axotomized motoneurons and time course of recovery
    • FOEHRING, R. C., SYPERT, G. W., AND MUNSON, J. B. Properties of self-reinnervated motor units in medial gastrocnemius of cat. II. Axotomized motoneurons and time course of recovery. J. Neurophysiol. 55: 947-965, 1986b.
    • (1986) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.55 , pp. 947-965
    • Foehring, R.C.1    Sypert, G.W.2    Munson, J.B.3
  • 14
    • 0023264041 scopus 로고
    • Motor-unit properties following cross-reinnervation of cat lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles with medial gastrocnemius nerve. I. Influence of motoneurons on muscle
    • FOEHRING, R. C., SYPERT, G. W., AND MUNSON, J. B. Motor-unit properties following cross-reinnervation of cat lateral gastrocnemius and soleus muscles with medial gastrocnemius nerve. I. Influence of motoneurons on muscle. J. Neurophysiol. 5: 1210-1226, 1987.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.5 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Foehring, R.C.1    Sypert, G.W.2    Munson, J.B.3
  • 16
    • 0015453948 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration-induced illustions of movements and by the effects of paralyzing joint afferents
    • GOODWIN, G. M., MCCLOSKEY, D. I., AND MATHEWS, P. B. C. The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration-induced illustions of movements and by the effects of paralyzing joint afferents. Brain 95: 406-410, 1972.
    • (1972) Brain , vol.95 , pp. 406-410
    • Goodwin, G.M.1    Mccloskey, D.I.2    Mathews, P.B.C.3
  • 17
    • 0028828765 scopus 로고
    • Fatigue in adapted systems. Overuse and underuse paradigms
    • edited by S. C. Gandevia, R. M. Enoka, A. L. McComas, D. G. Stuart, and C. K. Thomas. New York: Plenum, chapt. 32
    • GORDON, T. Fatigue in adapted systems. Overuse and underuse paradigms. In: Fatigue: Neural and Muscular Mechanisms, edited by S. C. Gandevia, R. M. Enoka, A. L. McComas, D. G. Stuart, and C. K. Thomas. New York: Plenum, 1995, chapt. 32, p. 429-456.
    • (1995) Fatigue: Neural and Muscular Mechanisms , pp. 429-456
    • Gordon, T.1
  • 18
    • 0025139516 scopus 로고
    • Force development and relaxation in single motor units of adult cats during a standard fatigue test
    • GORDON, D. A., ENOKA, R. M., KARST, G. M., AND STUART, D. G. Force development and relaxation in single motor units of adult cats during a standard fatigue test. J. Physiol. Lond. 421: 583-594, 1990.
    • (1990) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.421 , pp. 583-594
    • Gordon, D.A.1    Enoka, R.M.2    Karst, G.M.3    Stuart, D.G.4
  • 19
    • 0028054695 scopus 로고
    • Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury
    • GORDON, T. AND MAO, J. Muscle atrophy and procedures for training after spinal cord injury. Phys. Ther. 74: 50-60, 1994.
    • (1994) Phys. Ther. , vol.74 , pp. 50-60
    • Gordon, T.1    Mao, J.2
  • 20
    • 0027350660 scopus 로고
    • Plasticity of muscle fiber and motor unit types
    • GORDON, T. AND PATTULLO, M. C. Plasticity of muscle fiber and motor unit types. Exer. Sport Sci. Rev. 21: 331-362, 1993.
    • (1993) Exer. Sport Sci. Rev. , vol.21 , pp. 331-362
    • Gordon, T.1    Pattullo, M.C.2
  • 21
    • 1842377551 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit heterogeneity with respect to speed and fatiguability in cat muscles after chronic stimulation or paralysis
    • edited by A. J. Sargeant and D. Kernell. Netherlands: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
    • GORDON, T., PATTULLO, M. C., AND RAFUSE, V. F. Motor unit heterogeneity with respect to speed and fatiguability in cat muscles after chronic stimulation or paralysis. In: Neuromuscular Fatigue, edited by A. J. Sargeant and D. Kernell. Netherlands: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1993, p. 63-66.
    • (1993) Neuromuscular Fatigue , pp. 63-66
    • Gordon, T.1    Pattullo, M.C.2    Rafuse, V.F.3
  • 22
    • 0020005034 scopus 로고
    • Time course and extent of recovery in reinnervated motor units of cat triceps surae muscles
    • GORDON, T. AND STEIN, R. B. Time course and extent of recovery in reinnervated motor units of cat triceps surae muscles. J. Physiol. Lond. 323: 307-323, 1982a.
    • (1982) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.323 , pp. 307-323
    • Gordon, T.1    Stein, R.B.2
  • 23
    • 0020470621 scopus 로고
    • Reorganization of motor-unit properties in reinnervated muscles of the cat
    • GORDON, T. AND STEIN, R. B. Reorganization of motor-unit properties in reinnervated muscles of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 48: 1175-1190, 1982b.
    • (1982) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.48 , pp. 1175-1190
    • Gordon, T.1    Stein, R.B.2
  • 24
    • 0022557292 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit organization in extensor muscles cross-reinnervated by flexor motoneurones
    • GORDON, T. STEIN, R. B., AND THOMAS, C. Motor unit organization in extensor muscles cross-reinnervated by flexor motoneurones. J. Physiol. Lond. 374: 443-456, 1986.
    • (1986) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.374 , pp. 443-456
    • Gordon, T.1    Stein, R.B.2    Thomas, C.3
  • 25
    • 0023710253 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of physiological and histochemical properties of motor units after cross-reinnervation of antagonistic muscles in the cat hindlimb
    • GORDON, T., THOMAS, C. K., STEIN, R. B., AND ERDEBIL, S. Comparison of physiological and histochemical properties of motor units after cross-reinnervation of antagonistic muscles in the cat hindlimb. J. Neurophysiol. 60: 365-378, 1988.
    • (1988) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.60 , pp. 365-378
    • Gordon, T.1    Thomas, C.K.2    Stein, R.B.3    Erdebil, S.4
  • 27
    • 1842338129 scopus 로고
    • Zur Anatomie Und Physiologie de querquestreiften Musklen
    • GRUTZNER, P. Zur Anatomie Und Physiologie de querquestreiften Musklen. Rec. Zool. Suisse 1: 665-684, 1884.
    • (1884) Rec. Zool. Suisse , vol.1 , pp. 665-684
    • Grutzner, P.1
  • 28
    • 0343342088 scopus 로고
    • Organization of the motoneuron pool: The size principle
    • edited by V. B. Mountcastle. St. Louis, MO: Mosby
    • HENNEMAN, E. Organization of the motoneuron pool: the size principle. In: Medical Physiology (14th ed.), edited by V. B. Mountcastle. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 1980, vol. 1, p. 718-741.
    • (1980) Medical Physiology (14th Ed.) , vol.1 , pp. 718-741
    • Henneman, E.1
  • 29
    • 0001019836 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of the moto-neurone pool and its inputs
    • Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., sect. 1
    • HENNEMAN, E. AND MENDELL, L. M. Functional organization of the moto-neurone pool and its inputs. In: Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. Bethesda, MD: Am. Physiol. Soc., 1981, sect. 1, vol. II, p. 423-508.
    • (1981) Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control , vol.2 , pp. 423-508
    • Henneman, E.1    Mendell, L.M.2
  • 31
    • 1842289295 scopus 로고
    • The effect of long-term stimulation of fast muscles on their blood flow, metabolism and ability to withstand fatigue
    • HUDLICKA, O., BROWN, M., COTTER, M., SMITH, M., AND VRBOVA, G. The effect of long-term stimulation of fast muscles on their blood flow, metabolism and ability to withstand fatigue. Pfluegers Arch. 393: 164-170, 1977.
    • (1977) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.393 , pp. 164-170
    • Hudlicka, O.1    Brown, M.2    Cotter, M.3    Smith, M.4    Vrbova, G.5
  • 33
    • 0026466550 scopus 로고
    • Organized variability in the neuromuscular system: A survey of task-related adaptations
    • KERNELL, D. Organized variability in the neuromuscular system: a survey of task-related adaptations. Arch. Ital. Biol. 130: 19-66, 1992.
    • (1992) Arch. Ital. Biol. , vol.130 , pp. 19-66
    • Kernell, D.1
  • 34
    • 0023200144 scopus 로고
    • Effects of physiological amounts of high-and low-rates of chronic stimulation on the fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. II. Endurance related properties
    • KERNELL, D., DONSELAAR, Y., AND EERBEEK, O. Effects of physiological amounts of high-and low-rates of chronic stimulation on the fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. II. Endurance related properties. J. Neurophysiol. 58: 614-627, 1987a.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.58 , pp. 614-627
    • Kernell, D.1    Donselaar, Y.2    Eerbeek, O.3
  • 35
    • 0023231467 scopus 로고
    • Effects of physiological amounts of high-and low-rate chronic stimulation on fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. I. Speed and force-related properties
    • KERNELL, D., EERBEEK, O., VERHEY, B. A., AND DONSELAAR, Y. Effects of physiological amounts of high-and low-rate chronic stimulation on fast-twitch muscle of the cat hindlimb. I. Speed and force-related properties. J. Neurophysiol. 58: 598-613, 1987b.
    • (1987) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.58 , pp. 598-613
    • Kernell, D.1    Eerbeek, O.2    Verhey, B.A.3    Donselaar, Y.4
  • 36
    • 0019361144 scopus 로고
    • Effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation on fast and slow muscles of the rat
    • KWONG, W. H. AND VRBOVA, G. Effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation on fast and slow muscles of the rat. Pfluegers Arch. 391: 200-207, 1981.
    • (1981) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.391 , pp. 200-207
    • Kwong, W.H.1    Vrbova, G.2
  • 37
    • 0023779823 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic and fiber size properties of cat tibialis anterior motor units
    • Cell Physiol. 24
    • MARTIN, T. P., BODINE-FOWLER, S. C., ROY, R. R., ELDRED, E., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Metabolic and fiber size properties of cat tibialis anterior motor units. Am. J. Physiol. 255 (Cell Physiol. 24): C43-C50, 1988.
    • (1988) Am. J. Physiol. , vol.255
    • Martin, T.P.1    Bodine-Fowler, S.C.2    Roy, R.R.3    Eldred, E.4    Edgerton, V.R.5
  • 38
    • 0030952456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast-to-slow conversion following chronic low-frequency activation of medial gastrocnemius muscle in cats. II. Motoneuron properties
    • MUNSON, J. B., FOEHRING, R. C., MENDELL, L. M., AND GORDON, T. Fast-to-slow conversion following chronic low-frequency activation of medial gastrocnemius muscle in cats. II. Motoneuron properties. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2605-2615, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.77 , pp. 2605-2615
    • Munson, J.B.1    Foehring, R.C.2    Mendell, L.M.3    Gordon, T.4
  • 40
    • 0017065471 scopus 로고
    • Time dependent effects on contractile properties, fibre population, myosin light chains and enzymes of energy metabolism in intermittently and continuously stimulated fast twitch muscles of the rabbit
    • PETTE, D., MULLER, W., LEISNER, E., AND VRBOVA, G. Time dependent effects on contractile properties, fibre population, myosin light chains and enzymes of energy metabolism in intermittently and continuously stimulated fast twitch muscles of the rabbit. Pfluegers Arch. 364: 103-112, 1976.
    • (1976) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.364 , pp. 103-112
    • Pette, D.1    Muller, W.2    Leisner, E.3    Vrbova, G.4
  • 41
    • 0015915804 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term electrical stimulation on some contractile and metabolic characteristics of fast rabbit muscles
    • PETTE, D., SMITH, M. E., STAUDTE, H. W., AND VRBOVA, G. Effects of long-term electrical stimulation on some contractile and metabolic characteristics of fast rabbit muscles. Pfluegers Arch. 338: 257-272, 1973.
    • (1973) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.338 , pp. 257-272
    • Pette, D.1    Smith, M.E.2    Staudte, H.W.3    Vrbova, G.4
  • 42
    • 0025653451 scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular diversities of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers
    • PETTE, D. AND STARON, R. S. Cellular and molecular diversities of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol 116: 1-76, 1990.
    • (1990) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol , vol.116 , pp. 1-76
    • Pette, D.1    Staron, R.S.2
  • 43
    • 0026450106 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of mammalian skeletal muscle fibres to chronic electrical stimulation
    • PETTE, D. AND VRBOVA, G. Adaptation of mammalian skeletal muscle fibres to chronic electrical stimulation. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 120: 115-202, 1992.
    • (1992) Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. , vol.120 , pp. 115-202
    • Pette, D.1    Vrbova, G.2
  • 44
    • 0026352916 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical and morphological properties of chronically inactive tibialis anterior motor units
    • PIEROTTI, D. J., ROY, R. R., BODINE-FOWLER, S. C., HODGSON, J. A., AND EDGERTON, V. R. Mechanical and morphological properties of chronically inactive tibialis anterior motor units. J. Physiol. Lond. 444: 175-192, 1991.
    • (1991) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.444 , pp. 175-192
    • Pierotti, D.J.1    Roy, R.R.2    Bodine-Fowler, S.C.3    Hodgson, J.A.4    Edgerton, V.R.5
  • 45
    • 0025913571 scopus 로고
    • Properties of implanted electrodes for functional electrical stimulation
    • POPOVIC, D., GORDON, T., RAFUSE, V. F., AND PROCHAZKA, A. Properties of implanted electrodes for functional electrical stimulation. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 17: 303-316, 1991.
    • (1991) Ann. Biomed. Eng. , vol.17 , pp. 303-316
    • Popovic, D.1    Gordon, T.2    Rafuse, V.F.3    Prochazka, A.4
  • 46
    • 0030052491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. Comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries
    • RAFUSE, V. F. AND GORDON, T. Self-reinnervated cat medial gastrocnemius muscles. I. Comparisons of the capacity for regenerating nerves to form enlarged motor units after extensive peripheral nerve injuries. J. Neurophysiol. 75: 268-281, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.75 , pp. 268-281
    • Rafuse, V.F.1    Gordon, T.2
  • 47
    • 0026442377 scopus 로고
    • Proportional enlargement of motor units after partial denervation of cat triceps surae muscles
    • RAFUSE, V. F., GORDON, T., AND OROZCO, R. Proportional enlargement of motor units after partial denervation of cat triceps surae muscles. J. Neurophysiol. 68: 1261-1276, 1992a.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.68 , pp. 1261-1276
    • Rafuse, V.F.1    Gordon, T.2    Orozco, R.3
  • 48
    • 1842413746 scopus 로고
    • Adaption of isolated motor units in cat medical gastrocnemius (MG) muscle to long-term electrical stimulation
    • P8.5
    • RAFUSE. V. F., PATTULLO, M. C., ERDEBIL, S., AND GORDON, T. Adaption of isolated motor units in cat medical gastrocnemius (MG) muscle to long-term electrical stimulation. IIIrd IBRO World Cong. Neurosci., P8.5: 73, 1991.
    • (1991) IIIrd IBRO World Cong. Neurosci. , pp. 73
    • Rafuse, V.F.1    Pattullo, M.C.2    Erdebil, S.3    Gordon, T.4
  • 49
    • 1842408467 scopus 로고
    • Innervation ratio is the major determinant for a wide range of motor unit force in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle
    • RAFUSE, V. F., PATTULLO, M. C., AND GORDON, T. Innervation ratio is the major determinant for a wide range of motor unit force in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 17: 256.4, 1992b.
    • (1992) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.17 , pp. 2564
    • Rafuse, V.F.1    Pattullo, M.C.2    Gordon, T.3
  • 50
    • 0030895937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Innervation ratio and motor unit force in large muscles: A study of chronically stimulated cat medial gastrocnemius
    • RAFUSE, V. F., PATTULLO, M. C., AND GORDON, T. Innervation ratio and motor unit force in large muscles: a study of chronically stimulated cat medial gastrocnemius. J. Physiol. Lond. 499: 809-823, 1997.
    • (1997) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.499 , pp. 809-823
    • Rafuse, V.F.1    Pattullo, M.C.2    Gordon, T.3
  • 51
    • 0002427587 scopus 로고
    • De quelques faits relatifs a l'histologie des muscle stries
    • RANVIER, L. De quelques faits relatifs a l'histologie des muscle stries. Arch. Physiol. Norm. Pathol. 6: 1-15, 1874.
    • (1874) Arch. Physiol. Norm. Pathol. , vol.6 , pp. 1-15
    • Ranvier, L.1
  • 52
    • 0021837948 scopus 로고
    • Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria after chronic electrical stimulation in rabbits
    • REICHMANN, H., HOPPELER, H., MATHIEU-COSTELLO, O., VON BERGEN, F., AND PETTE, D. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria after chronic electrical stimulation in rabbits. Pfluegers Arch. 404: 1-9, 1985.
    • (1985) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.404 , pp. 1-9
    • Reichmann, H.1    Hoppeler, H.2    Mathieu-Costello, O.3    Von Bergen, F.4    Pette, D.5
  • 53
    • 0018081865 scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural aspects of the transformation of muscle fibre type by long term stimulation: Changes in Z discs and mitochondria
    • SALMONS, S., GALE, D. R., AND SRETER, F. A. Ultrastructural aspects of the transformation of muscle fibre type by long term stimulation: changes in Z discs and mitochondria. J. Anat. 127: 17-31, 1978.
    • (1978) J. Anat. , vol.127 , pp. 17-31
    • Salmons, S.1    Gale, D.R.2    Sreter, F.A.3
  • 54
    • 0017296751 scopus 로고
    • Significance of impulse activity in the transformation of skeletal muscle type
    • SALMONS, S. AND SRETER, F. A. Significance of impulse activity in the transformation of skeletal muscle type. Nature Lond. 263: 30-34, 1976.
    • (1976) Nature Lond. , vol.263 , pp. 30-34
    • Salmons, S.1    Sreter, F.A.2
  • 55
    • 0014508666 scopus 로고
    • The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles
    • SALMONS, S. AND VRBOVA, G. The influence of activity on some contractile characteristics of mammalian fast and slow muscles. J. Physiol. Lond. 201: 535-549, 1969.
    • (1969) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.201 , pp. 535-549
    • Salmons, S.1    Vrbova, G.2
  • 56
    • 1842406085 scopus 로고
    • Increased metabolic enzyme heterogeneity of muscle unit fibers after reinnervation
    • SESODIA, S., GORDON, T., AND NEMETH, P. Increased metabolic enzyme heterogeneity of muscle unit fibers after reinnervation. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19: 65, 1993.
    • (1993) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. , vol.19 , pp. 65
    • Sesodia, S.1    Gordon, T.2    Nemeth, P.3
  • 57
    • 0027409005 scopus 로고
    • Asynchronous increases in oxidative capacity and resistance to fatigue of electrostimulated muscles of rat and rabbit
    • SIMONEAU, J.-A., KAUFMANN, M., AND PETTE, D. Asynchronous increases in oxidative capacity and resistance to fatigue of electrostimulated muscles of rat and rabbit. J. Physiol. Lond. 460: 573-580, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Physiol. Lond. , vol.460 , pp. 573-580
    • Simoneau, J.-A.1    Kaufmann, M.2    Pette, D.3
  • 58
    • 0023879125 scopus 로고
    • Species-specific effects of chronic nerve stimulation upon tibialis anterior muscle in mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit
    • SIMONEAU, J. A. AND PETTE, D. Species-specific effects of chronic nerve stimulation upon tibialis anterior muscle in mouse, rat, guinea pig, and rabbit. Pfluegers Arch. 412: 86-92, 1988.
    • (1988) Pfluegers Arch. , vol.412 , pp. 86-92
    • Simoneau, J.A.1    Pette, D.2
  • 59
    • 0024802588 scopus 로고
    • Changes in myosin heavy chain isoforms during chronic low frequency stimulation of rat fat hind-limb muscles-a single fiber study
    • TERMIN, A. R., STARON, R. S., AND PETTE, D. Changes in myosin heavy chain isoforms during chronic low frequency stimulation of rat fat hind-limb muscles-a single fiber study. Eur. J. Biochem. 186: 749-754, 1989.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.186 , pp. 749-754
    • Termin, A.R.1    Staron, R.S.2    Pette, D.3
  • 60
    • 0026655291 scopus 로고
    • Innervation ratio is an important determinant of force in normal and reinnervated rat tibialis anterior muscles
    • TOTOSY DE ZEPETNEK, J. F., ZUNG, H. V., ERDEBIL, S., AND GORDON, T. Innervation ratio is an important determinant of force in normal and reinnervated rat tibialis anterior muscles. J. Neurophysiol. 67: 1385-1403, 1992a.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.67 , pp. 1385-1403
    • Totosy de Zepetnek, J.F.1    Zung, H.V.2    Erdebil, S.3    Gordon, T.4
  • 61
    • 0026729592 scopus 로고
    • Motor unit categorization on the basis of contractile and histochemical properties: A glycogen depletion analysis of normal and reinnervated rat tibialis anterior muscle
    • TOTOSY DE ZEPETNEK, J. E., ZUNG, H. V., ERDEBIL, S., AND GORDON, T. Motor unit categorization on the basis of contractile and histochemical properties: a glycogen depletion analysis of normal and reinnervated rat tibialis anterior muscle. J. Neurophysiol. 67: 1404-1415, 1992b.
    • (1992) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.67 , pp. 1404-1415
    • Totosy de Zepetnek, J.E.1    Zung, H.V.2    Erdebil, S.3    Gordon, T.4
  • 63
    • 0021816236 scopus 로고
    • Membrance electrical properties and prediction of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat
    • ZENGEL, J. E., REID, S. A., SYPERT, G. W., AND MUNSON, J. B. Membrance electrical properties and prediction of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 53: 1323-1344, 1985.
    • (1985) J. Neurophysiol. , vol.53 , pp. 1323-1344
    • Zengel, J.E.1    Reid, S.A.2    Sypert, G.W.3    Munson, J.B.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.