Epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and its macrovascular complications: A basis for the development of cost-effective programs

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 1997, Pages 165-188

  Warram, J H ^a   Kopczynski, J ^a   Janka, H U ^a   Krolewski, A S ^a  

^a JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; CORONARY RISK; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; DIABETIC ANGIOPATHY; ETHNIC DIFFERENCE; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HUMAN; INHERITANCE; INSULIN RESISTANCE; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; OBESITY; PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SURVIVAL TIME;

EID: 0030985816     PISSN: 08898529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0889-8529(05)70239-5     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. R.D. Abbott F.N. Brand W.B. Kannel Epidemiology of some peripheral arterial findings in diabetic men and women: Experiences from the Framingham Study Am J Med 88 1990 376 381
2. M.A. Autin L. Mykkanen J. Kuusisto Prospective study of small LDLs as a risk factor for non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in elderly men and women Circulation 92 1995 1770 1778
3. K.W. Beach G.R. Bedford R.O. Bergelin Progression of lower-extremity arterial occlusive disease in type II diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 11 1988 464 472
4. P.J. Beks A.J.C. Mackaay J.N.D. de Neeling Peripheral arterial disease in relation to glycemic level in an elderly Caucasian population: The Hoorn Study Diabetologia 38 1995 86 96
5. P.J. Bendick J.L. Glover T.W. Keubler Progression of atherosclerosis in diabetics Surgery 93 1983 834 838
6. C. Bogardus S. Lillioja B.L. Nyomba Distribution of in vivo insulin action in Pima Indians as mixture of three normal distributions Diabetes 38 1989 1423 1432
7. F.N. Brand R.D. Abbott W.B. Kannel Diabetes, intermittent claudication, and risk of cardiovascular events: The Framingham Study Diabetes 38 1989 504 509
8. C.M. Burchfield R.F. Hamman J.A. Marshall Cardiovascular risk factors and impaired glucose tolerance: The San Luis Valley Diabetes Study Am J Epidemiol 131 1990 57 70
9. W.J. Butler L.D. Ostrander W.J. Carman Diabetes mellitus in Tecumseh, Michigan: Prevalence, incidence and associated conditions Am J Epidemiol 116 1982 971 980
10. C.D. Byrne N.J. Wareham D.C. Brown Hypertriglyceridemia in subjects with abnormal glucose intolerance: Relative contributions of insulin secretion, insulin resistance and suppression of plasma non-estrified fatty acids Diabetologia 37 1994 889 896
11. G.A. Colditz W.C. Willett M.J. Stempfer Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women Am J Epidemiol 132 1990 501 513
12. J.A. Colwell The feasibility of intensive insulin management in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Implications of the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study on Glycemic Control and Complications in NIDDM Ann Intern Med 124 1 pt 2 1996 131 135
13. M.H. Criqui R.D. Langer A. Fronek Mortality over a period of 10 years in patients with peripheral arterial disease N Engl J Med 326 1992 381 386
14. T. Deckert B. Feldt-Rasmussen K. Borch-Johnsen Albuminuria reflects widespread vascular damage: The steno hypothesis Diabetologia 32 1989 219 226
15. J.-P. Despres B. Lamarche P. Mauriege Hyperinsulinemia as an independent risk factor for ischemic heart disease N Engl J Med 334 1996 952 957
16. R.B. Devereux M.H. Aldermann Role of preclinical cardiovascular disease in the evolution from risk factor exposure to development of morbid events Circulation 88 1993 1444 1455
17. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group Effect of intensive diabetes management on macrovascular events and risk factors in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Am J Cardiol 75 1995 894 903
18. Diabetes Drafting Group Prevalence of small vessel and large vessel disease in diabetic patients from 14 centers: The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics Diabetologia 28 1985 615 640
19. T.G. Elliott G. Viberti Relationship between insulin resistance and coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus and the general population: A critical appraisal Bailliere's Clin Endocrinol Metab 7 1993 1079 1103
20. E. Eschwege B. Balkau A. Fontbonne The epidemiology of coronary heart disease in glucose-intolerant and diabetic subjects J Intern Med 236 suppl 726 1994 5 11
21. F. Faccini Y.-D.I. Chen C.B. Hollenbeck Relationship between resistance to insulin-mediated glucose uptake, urinary acid clearance, and plasma uric acid concentration JAMA 266 1991 3008 3011
22. E. Ferranini G. Buzzigoli R. Bonadonna Insulin resistance and essential hypertension N Engl J Med 317 1987 350 357
23. E.J.M. Feskens J. Tuomilehto J.H. Stengard Hypertension and overweight associated with hyperinsulinemia and glucose tolerance: A longitudinal study of Finnish and Dutch cohorts of Seven Countries Study Diabetologia 38 1995 839 847
24. A. Fontbonne Why can high insulin levels indicate a risk for coronary, heart disease? Diabetologia 37 1994 953 955
25. C.M. Forsblom J.G. Eriksson A.V. Ekstrand Insulin resistance and abnormal albumin excretion in non-diabetic first-degree relatives of patients with NIDDM Diabetologia 38 1995 363 369
26. F.G. Fowkes E. Housley R. Riemersma Smoking, lipids, glucose intolerance, and blood pressure as risk factors for peripheral atherosclerosis compared with ischemic heart disease in the Edinburgh Artery Study Am J Epidemiol 135 1992 331 340
27. M.-A. Gall K. Borch-Johnsen P. Hougaard Albuminuria and poor glycemic control predict mortality in NIDDM Diabetes 44 1995 1303 1309
28. L. Groop A.V. Ekstrand C.M. Forsblom Insulin resistance, hypertension andmicroalbuminuria in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus Diabetologia 36 1993 642 647
29. S.M. Haffner D. Fong H.P. Hazuda Hyperinsulinemia, upper body adiposity, and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetics Metabolism 37 1988 338 345
30. S.M. Haffner M.P. Stem B.D. Mitchell Incidence of type II diabetes in Mexican-Americans predicted by fasting insulin and glucose levels, obesity and body-fat distribution Diabetes 39 1990 283 288
31. F.M. Haffner R.A. Valdez H.P. Hazuda Prospective analysis of the insulin-resistance syndrome (syndrome x) Diabetes 41 1992 715 722
32. M.I. Harris Impaired glucose tolerance in the US population Diabetes Care 12 1989 464 474
33. M.I. Harris W.C. Hadden W.C. Knowler Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance and plasma glucose levels in US population aged 20-74 years Diabetes 36 1987 523 534
34. M.I. Harris R. Klein T.A. Welbom Onset of NIDDM occurs at least 4 to 7 years before clinical diagnosis Diabetes Care 15 1992 815 819
35. J. Head J.H. Fuller International variation in mortality among diabetic patients: The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics Diabetologia 33 1990 477 481
36. S.P. Helmrich D.R. Ragland R.W. Leung Physical activity and reduced occurrence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus N Engl J Med 325 1991 147 152
37. Hillson RM, Hockaday TDR, Mann JI, et al: Hyperinsu]inemia is associated with development of electrocardiographic abnormalities in diabetics. Diabetes Res 1:143-149
38. G. Howard D.H. O'Leary D. Zaccaro Insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis Circulation 93 1996 1809 1817
39. L.L. Humphrey P.J. Palumbo M.A. Butters The contribution of non-insulin-dependent diabetes to lower-extremity amputation in the community Arch Intern Med 154 1994 885 892
40. H.U. Janka A. Becker R. Muller Arterielle Verschlusskrankheit der Extremitaten bei Diabetikem: Inzidenz und ihre Ursachen Die Schwabinger Studie II. Diab Stoffw 2 1993 68 72
41. H.U. lanka E. Standl H. Mehnert Peripheral vascular disease in diabetes mellitus and its relation to cardiovascular risk factors: Screening with the Doppler-ultrasonic technique Diabetes Care 3 1980 207 211
42. H.U. Janka A.G. Ziegler E. Standl Daily insulin dose as a predictor of macrovascu-lar disease in insulin treated non-insulin-dependent diabetics Diabetes Metab 13 1987 359 364
43. R.J. Jarrett Why is insulin not a risk factor for coronary heart disease? Diabetologia 37 1994 945 947
44. R.J. Jarrett G.C. Viberti A. Argyropoulos Microalbuminuria predicts mortality in non-insulin-dependent diabetes Diabetic Med 1 1984 17 19
45. N.L. Katsilambros P.C. Tsapogas M.P. Arvanitis Risk factors for lower extremity arterial disease in non-insulin-dependent diabetic persons Diabetic Med 13 1995 243 246
46. J.C. Kleinman R.P. Donahue M.I. Harris Mortality among diabetics in a national sample Am J Epidemiol 2 1988 389 401
47. G.L. Knatterud C.R. Klimt M.E. Levin Effect of hypoglycemic agents on vascular complications in patients with adult-onset diabetes. VII. Mortality and selected nonfa-tal events with insulin treatment JAMA 240 1978 37 42
48. A.S. Krolewski A. Czyzyk D. Janeczko Mortality from cardiovascular diseases among diabetics Diabetologia 13 1977 345 350
49. A.S. Krolewski J.H. Warram Epidemiology of late complications of diabetes C.R. Kahn G.C. Weir Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus 1994 Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 605 619
50. A.S. Krolewski J.H. Warram P. Valsania Evolving natural history of coronary artery disease in diabetes mellitus Am J Med 90 suppl 2A 1991 56S 61S
51. J. Kuusisto L. Mykkanen K. Pyorala NIDDM and its metabolic control predict coronary heart disease in elderly subjects Diabetes 43 1994 960 967
52. S. Lillioja D.M. Mott M. Spraul Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Prospective studies of Pima Indians N Engl J Med 329 1993 1988 1992
53. Q.Z. Liu W.C. Knowlet R.G. Nelson Insulin treatment, endogenous Insulin concentration, and ECG abnormalities in diabetic Pima Indians: Cross-sectional and prospective analyses Diabetes 41 1992 1141 1150
54. B.R. Luce W.G. Manning J.E. Siegel Estimating costs in cost-effectiveness analysis M.R. Gold J.E. Siegel L.B. Russell Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine 1996 Oxford University Press New York 176 213
55. J. Lynch S.P. Helmrich T.A. Lakka Moderately intense physical activities and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness reduce the risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in middle-aged men Arch Intern Med 156 1996 1307 1314
56. J.E. Manson G.A. Colditz M.J. Stampfer Prospective study of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women Arch Intern Med 151 1991 1141 1147
57. J.E. Manson D.M. Nathan A.S. Krolewski A prospective study of exercise and incidence of diabetes among male physicians JAMA 268 1992 63 67
58. J.E. Manson E.B. Rimm M.J. Stampfer Physical activity and incidence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women Lancet 338 1991 774 778
59. B.C. Martin J.H. Warram B. Rosner Familial clustering of insulin sensitivity Diabetes 41 1992 850 854
60. B.C. Martin J.H. Warram A.S. Krolewski Role of glucose and insulin resistance in development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results of a 25-year follow-up study Lancet 340 1992 925 929
61. T. Matsumoto Y. Ohashi N. Yamada Coronary heart disease mortality is actually low in diabetic Japanese by direct comparison with the Joslin Cohort Diabetes Care 17 1994 1062 1063
62. M.B. Mattock N.J. Morish G. Viberti Prospective study of microalbuminuria as predictor of mortality in NIDDM Diabetes 41 1992 736 741
63. E.J. Mayer B. Newman M.A. Austin Genetic and environmental influences on insulin levels and the insulin resistance syndrome: An analysis of women twins Am J Epidemiol 143 1996 323 332
64. J.B. McPhillips E. Barrett-Connor D.L. Wingard Cardiovascular risk factors prior to the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in a community of older adults Am J Epidemiol 131 1990 443 453
65. L.J. Melton K.M. Macken P.J. Palumbo Incidence and prevalence of clinical peripheral vascular disease in a population-based cohort of diabetic patients Diabetes Care 3 1980 650654
66. L.J. Melton P.J. Palumbo C.P. Chu Incidence of diabetes mellitus by clinical type Diabetes Care 6 1983 75 86
67. L.J. Melton P.J. Palumbo M.S. Dwyer Impact of recent changes in diagnostic criteria on the apparent natural history of diabetes mellitus Am J Epidemiol 117 1983 559 565
68. J.S. Mendelblatt D.G. Fryback M.C. Weinstein Assessing the effectiveness of health interventions M.R. Gold J.E. Siegel L.B. Russell Cost-effectiveness in Health and Medicine 1996 Oxford University Press New York 135 175
69. M. Modan A. Karasik H. Halkin Effect of past and concurrent body mass index on prevalence of glucose intolerance and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes on insulin response: The Israel study of glucose intolerance, obesity and hypertension Diabetologia 29 1986 82 89
70. S.E. Moss R. Klein B.E.K. Klein The association of glycemia and cause-specific mortality in a diabetic population Arch Intern Med 154 1994 2473 2479
71. National Diabetes Data Group Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance Diabetes 28 1979 1039 1057
72. R.G. Nelson C.L. Kunzelman D.J. Pettitt Albuminuria in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in Pima Indians Diabe-tologia 32 1989 870 876
73. R.G. Nelson M.L. Sievers W.C. Knowler Low incidence of fatal coronary heartdisease in Pima Indians despite high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes Circulation 81 1990 987 995
74. L. Niskanen M. Laasko Insulin resistance is related to albuminuria in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus Metabolism 42 1993 1541 1545
75. R. Nosadini E. Brocco P. Faronato Clustering of abnormalities in albumin excretion rate (AER) in families of type 2 diabetic patients Diabetologia 39 suppl 1 1996 A298
76. R. Nosadini E. Manzato A. Solini Peripheral, rather than hepatic, insulin resistance and atherogenetic lipoprotein phenotype predict cardiovascular complications in NIDDM Eur J Clin Invest 24 1994 258 266
77. L.-O. Ohlson B. Larrson P. Bjortorp Risk factors for type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: Thirteen and one-half years of follow-up of the participants in a study of Swedish men born in 1913 Diabetologia 31 1988 798 805
78. L.-O. Ohlson B. Larrson K. Svardsudd The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus: 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913 Diabetes 34 1985 1055 1058
79. T. Ohmura K. Ueda Y. Kiyohara The association of the insulin resistance syndrome with impaired glucose tolerance in NIDDM in the Japanese general population: The Hisayama study Diabetologia 37 1994 897 904
80. T.J. Orchard D.E. Strandness Assessment of peripheral vascular disease in diabetes: Report and recommendations of an international workshop Circulation 88 1993 819 828
81. P.J. Osmundson W.M. O'Fallon B.R. Zimmermann Course of peripheral arterial disease in diabetes: Vascular laboratory assessment Diabetes Care 13 1990 143 152
82. P.J. Palumbo L.J. Melton III Peripheral vascular disease and diabetes. In Diabetes in America 1995 NIH Bethesda, MD 401 408 NIH Publication No. 95-1468
83. P.J. Palumbo L.J. Melton III Diabetic peripheral vascular disease. In Diabetes in America 1995 NIH Bethesda, MD 213 219 NIH Publication No. 85-1468
84. P.J. Palumbo W.M. O'Fallon P.J. Osmundson Progression of peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetes mellitus: What factors are predictive? Arch Intern Med 151 1991 717 721
85. G. Panzram Mortality and survival in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes melli-tus Diabetologia 30 1987 123 131
86. I.J. Perry S.G. Wannamethee M.K. Walker Prospective study of risk factors for development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes in middle-aged British men BMJ 310 1995 560 564
87. B.J. Potter van Loon C. Kluft J.K. Radder The cardiovascular risk factor plasmino-gen activator inhibitor type 1 is related to insulin resistance Metabolism 42 1993 945 949
88. K. Pyorala M. Laakso M. Uusitupa Diabetes and atherosclerosis: An epidemiological review Diabetes Metab Rev 3 1987 463 524
89. K. Pyorala E. Savolainen S. Kaukola Plasma insulin as coronary heart disease risk factor: Relationship to other risk factors and predictive value during 9.5 year follow-up of the Helsinki Policemen Study population Acta Med Scand Suppl 701 1985 38 52
90. M. Quinn M.C. Angelico J.H. Warram Familial factors determine the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with IDDM Diabetologia 39 1996 940 945
91. G.M. Reaven Role of insulin resistance in human disease Diabetes 37 1988 1595 1607
92. G.M. Reaven A. Laws Insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and coronary heart disease Diabetologia 37 1994 948 952
93. G.E. Reiber E.J. Boyko D.G. Smith Lower extremity foot ulcers and amputations in diabetes. In Diabetes in America 1995 NIH Bethesda, MD 409 428 NIH Publication No. 95-1468
94. T. Ronnemaa M. Laakso P. Puukka Atherosclerotic vascular disease in middle-aged, insulin-treated, diabetic patients: Association with endogenous insulin secretion capacity Atherosclerosis 8 1988 237 244
95. M.F. Saad S. Lillioja B.L. Nyomba Racial differences in the relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance N Engl J Med 324 1991 733 739
96. M.C. Schumacher S.J. Hasstedt S.C. Hunt Major gene effect for insulin levels in familial NIDDM pedigrees Diabetes 41 1992 416 423
97. J.V. Selby D. Zhang Risk factors for lower extremity amputation in persons with diabetes Diabetes Care 18 1995 509 516
98. J.E. Siegel A.S. Krolewski J.H. Warram Cost-effectiveness of screening and early treatment of nephropathy in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus J Am Soc Nephrol 3 1992 Sl11 Sl19
99. J. Stamler O. Vaccaro J.D. Neaton Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Factor Intervention Trial Diabetes Care 16 1993 434 444
100. J.M. Stephenson S. Kenny L.K. Stevens Proteinuria and mortality in diabetes, the WHO Multinational Study of Vascular Disease in Diabetes Diabetic Med 12 1995 149 155
101. M.P. Stern The insulin resistance syndrome: The controversy is dead, long live the controversy! Diabetologia 37 1994 956 958
102. R.W. Stout Insulin and atheroma: 20-yr perspective Diabetes Care 13 1990 631 655
103. K. Strojek W. Grzeszczak E. Morawin Clinical manifestation of hereditary predisposition to nephropathy in type II diabetes Diabetologia 39 suppl 1 1996 A298
104. C. Trautner B. Haastert G. Giani Incidence of lower limb amputations and diabetes Diabetes Care 19 1996 1006 1009
105. R.T. Turner C. Cull R. Holman United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 17: A 9-year update of a randomized, controlled trial on the effect of improved metabolic control on complications in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Ann Intern Med 124 1 pt 2 1996 136 145
106. M.I.J. Uusitupa L.K. Nishkanen O. Siitonen 5-Year incidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease in relation to general risk factors, insulin level, and abnormalities in lipoprotein composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects Circulation 82 1990 27 36
107. R. Vander Zwaag J.W. Runyan J.K. Davidson A cohort study of mortality in two clinic populations of patients with diabetes mellitus Diabetes Care 6 1983 341 346
108. Vijan S, Hofer TP, Hayward RA: The benefits of glycemic control in type II diabetes. Ann Intern Med, in press
109. D.P. Walters W. Gatling M.A. Mullee The prevalence, detection, and epidemio-logic correlates of peripheral vascular disease: A comparison of diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in an English community Diabetic Med 9 1992 710 715
110. J.H. Warram B.C. Martin A.S. Krolewski Slow glucose-removal rate and hyperin-sulinemia precede the development of type II diabetes in offspring with diabetic parents Ann Intern Med 113 1990 309 315
111. J.H. Warram S.S. Rich A.S. Krolewski Epidemiology and genetics of diabetes mellitus C.R. Kaita G.C. Weir Joslin's Diabetes Mellitus 1994 Lea and Febiger Philadelphia 201 215
112. P.W. Wilson D.L. McGee W.B. Kannel Obesity and very low density lipoproteins, and glucose intolerance over fourteen years: Tf~e Framingham Study Am J Epidemiol 114 1981 697 704
113. I. Zavaroni E. Bonora M. Pogliara Risk factors for coronary artery disease in healthy persons with hyperinsulinemia and normal glucose tolerance N Engl J Med 320 1989 702 706