Spatial distribution patterns of two predominant emergent trees in a tropical rainforest in Sarawak, Malaysia

Plant Ecology

Volumn 132, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 121-136

  Itoh, Akira ^a,b   Yamakura, Takuo ^b   Ogino, Kazuhiko ^a   Lee, Hua Seng ^c   Ashton, Peter S ^d  

^a EHIME UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Osaka Prefecture University   (Japan)

^c Forest Department Sarawak   (Malaysia)

^d HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Coexistence; Dipterocarpaceae; Dryobalanops aromatica; Dryobalanops lanceolata; Gap dynamics; Janzen Connell hypothesis

Indexed keywords

RAINFOREST TREE; SEEDLING; SPATIAL PATTERN;

MALAYSIA, SARAWAK;

DIPTEROCARPACEAE; DRYOBALANOPS AROMATICA; DRYOBALANOPS LANCEOLATA;

EID: 0030984393     PISSN: 13850237     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009779424279     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Anderson, M. C. 1964. Studies of the woodland light climate. I. the photographic computation of light conditions. J. Ecol. 52: 27-41.
2. Ashton, P. S. 1964. Ecological studies in the mixed dipterocarp forests of Brunei State. Oxford Forestry Memoir 25.
3. Ashton, P. S. 1982. Dipterocarpaceae. pp. 237-552. In: van Steenis, C. G. G. J. (ed), Flora Malesiana. ser. I 9. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hauge.
4. Augspurger, C. K. 1983. Offspring recruitment around tropical trees: changes in cohort distance with time. Oikos 40: 189-196.
5. Augspurger, C. K. 1983. Seed dispersal of the tropical tree, Platypodium elegans, and the escape of its seedlings from fungal pathogens. J. Ecol. 71: 759-771.
6. Augspurger, C. K. & Kelly, C. K. 1984. Pathogen mortality of tropical tree seedlings: experimental studies of the effects of dispersal distance, seedling density, and light conditions. Oecologia 61: 211-217.
7. Burkey, T. V. 1994. Tropical tree species diversity: a test of the Janzen-Connell model. Oecologia 97: 533-540.
8. Chai, E. O. K., Lee, H. S. & Yamakura, T. 1995. Preliminary results of the 52 hectares long term ecological research plot at Lambir Hills National Park, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia. pp. 42-60. In: Lee, H. S., Ogino, K. & Ashton, P.S. (eds), Long term ecological research of tropical rain forest in Sarawak. Ehime University, Ehime.
9. Chan, T. T. & Appanah, S. 1980. Reproductive biology of some Malaysian dipterocarps I. flowering biology. Malaysian Forester 43: 132-143.
10. Clark, D. A. & Clark, D. B. 1984. Spacing dynamics of a tropical rain forest: evolution of the Janzen-Connell model. Am. Nat. 124: 769-788.
11. Condit, R., Hubbell, S. P. & Foster, R. B. 1992. Recruitment near conspecific adults and the maintenance of tree and shrub diversity in a neotropical forest. Am. Nat 140: 261-286.
12. Condit, R., Hubbell, S. P & Foster, R. B. 1994. Density dependence in two understory tree species in a neotropical forest. Ecology 75: 671-680.
13. Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rain forests and coral reefs. Science 199: 1302-1309.
14. Connell, J. H. 1971. On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees, pp. 298-312. In: Boer, P. J. van der & Gradwell, G. R. (eds), Dynamics of Numbers in Populations. Center for Agricultural Publication and Documentation, Wageningen.
15. Connell, J. H. & Lowman, M. D. 1989. Low-diversity tropical rain forests: some possible mechanisms for their existence. Am. Nat. 134: 88-119.
16. Foxworthy, F. W. 1927. Commercial timber trees of the Malay Peninsula. Malayan Forest Records 3.
17. Hamill, D. N. & Wright, S. J. 1986. Testing the dispersion of juveniles relative to adults: a new analytic method. Ecology 67: 925-957.
18. Hart, T. B. 1995. Seed, seedling and sub-canopy survival in monodominant and mixed forests of the Ituri Forest, Africa. J. Tropical Ecol. 11: 443-459.
19. Hart, T. B., Hart, J. A. & Murrhy, P. G. 1989. Monodominant and species-rich forests of the humid tropics: causes for their cooccurrence. Am. Nat. 113: 613-633.
20. Hirai, H., Matsumura, H., Hirotani, H. & Sakurai, K. 1995. Soils and the distribution of Dryobalanops aromatica and D. lanceolata in Mixed Dipterocarp Forest - a case study at Lambir Hills National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia, pp. 92-109. In: Lee, H. S., Ogino, K. & Ashton, P. S. (eds), Long term ecological research of tropical rain forest in Sarawak. Ehime University, Ehime.
21. Hubbell, S. P. 1979. Tree dispersion, abundance, and diversity in a tropical dry forest. Science 203: 1299-1309.
22. Itoh, A. 1995. Regeneration processes and coexistence mechanisms of two Bornean emergent dipterocarp species. Doctorate thesis, Kyoto University, Kyoto.
23. Itoh, A., Yamakura, T., Ogino, K. & Lee, H. S. 1995a. Survivorship and growth of seedlings of four dipterocarp species in a tropical rain forest of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Ecol. Res. 10: 327-338.
24. Itoh, A., Yamakura, T., Ogino, K., Lee, H. S. & Ashton, P. S. 1995b. Population structure and canopy dominance of two emergent dipterocarp species in a tropical rain forest of Sarawak, East Malaysia. Tropics 4: 133-141.
25. Itoh, A., Yamakura, T., Ogino, K., Lee, H. S. & Ashton, P. S. 1995c. Relationship between topography and distributions of tow emergent species, Dryobalanops aromatica and D. lanceolata (Dipterocarpaceae), in a tropical rain forest, Sarawak. pp. 77-91. In: Lee, H. S., Ogino, K. & Ashton, P. S. (eds), Long term ecological research of tropical rain forest in Sarawak. Ehime University, Ehime.
26. Iwao, S. 1977. Analysis of spatial association between two species based on the interspecies mean crowding. Res. Pop. Ecol. 18: 243-260.
27. Janzen, D. H. 1970. Herbivores and the number of tree species in tropical forests. Am. Nat. 104: 501-528.
28. Kachi, N., Okuda, T. & Yap, S. K. 1993. Seedling establishment of a canopy tree species in Malaysian tropical rain forests. Plant Species Biol. 8: 167-174.
29. Kohyama, T., Suzuki, E. & Hotta, M. 1994. Spatial distribution pattern of representative tree species in a foothill rain forest in West Sumatra. Tropics 4: 1-15.
30. Kochummen, K. M., LaFrankie, J. V. & Manokaran, N. 1990. Floristic composition of Pasoh Forest Reserve, a lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. J. Tropical Forest Sci. 3: 1-13.
31. Lieberman, M., Lieberman, D. & Peralta, R. 1989. Forests are not just Swiss cheese: canopy stereogeometry of non-gaps in tropical forests. Ecology 70: 550-552.
32. Lieberman, M., Lieberman, D., Peralta, R. & Hartshorn, G. S. 1995. Canopy closure and the distribution of tropical forest tree species et La Selva, Costa Rica. J. Tropical Ecol. 11: 161-178.
33. Mitchell, P. L. & Whitmore, T. C. 1993. Use of hemispherical photographs in forest ecology. Oxford Forestry Institute Occasional Papers 44.
34. Manokaran, N. & LaFrankie, J. V. 1990. Stand structure of Pasoh forest reserve, a lowland rain forest in Peninsular Malaysia. J. Tropical Forest Sci. 3: 14-24.
35. Manokaran, N., LaFrankie, J. V., Kochummen, K. M., Quah, E. S., Kalahn, J. E., Ashton, P. S. & Hubbell, S. P. 1992. Stand table and distribution of species in the 50-ha research plot at Pasoh Forest Reserve. Forest Research Institute of Malaysia, Kepong.
36. Momose, K., Nagamitsu, T., Sakai, S., Inoue, T. & Hamid, A. A. 1994. Climate data in Lambir Hills National Park and Miri Airport, Sarawak, pp. 28-39. In: Inoue, T. & Hamid, A. A. (eds), Plant Reproductive Systems and Animal Seasonal Dynamics - Long-term study of dipterocarp forests in Sarawak-. Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto.
37. Mukhtar, E., Suzuki, E., Kohyama, T. & Rahman, M. 1992. Regeneration process of a climax species Calophyllum cf. soulattri in tropical rain forest of West Sumatra. Tropics 2: 1-12.
38. Ogawa, H., Yoda, K., Ogino, K. & Kira, T. 1965. Comparative ecological studies on three main types of forest vegetation in Thailand. II. plant biomass. Nature Life Southeast Asia 4: 49-80.
39. Richards, P. W. 1952. The tropical rain forest. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
40. Sterner, R. W., Ribic, C. A. & Schatz, G. E. 1986. Testing for life historical changes in spatial patterns of four tropical tree species. J. Ecol. 74: 621-633.
41. Watson, H. 1985. Lambir Hills National Park: Resource inventory with management recommendations. National Park and Wildlife Office Forest Department Kuching, Kuching, Sarawak.
42. Whitmore, T. C. 1984. Tropical rain forest of the Far East. Clarendon Press, Oxford.
43. Whitmore, T. C., Brown, N. D., Swaine, M. D., Kennedy, D., Goodwin-Bailey, C. I. & Gong, W. K. 1993. Use of hemispherical photographs in forest ecology: measurement of gap size and radiation total in a Bornean tropical rain forest. J. Tropical Ecol. 9: 131-151.
44. Wilkinson, L. 1992. SYSTAT: Statistics, Version 5.2 Edition, SYSTAT Inc., Evanston.
45. Wyatt-Smith, J. 1963. Manual of Malaysian silviculture for inland forests. Malayan Forest Records 23.
46. Yamakura, T., Kanzaki, M., Itoh, A., Ohkubo, T., Ogino, K., Chai, E. O. K., Lee, H. S. & Ashton, P. S. 1995. Topography of a large-scale research plot established within the Lambir rain forest in Sarawak. Tropics 5: 41-56.
47. Yamakura, T., Kanzaki, M., Itoh, A., Ohkubo, T., Ogino, K., Chai, E. O. K., Lee, H. S. & Ashton, P. S. 1996. Forest structure of a tropical rain forest at Lambir, Sarawak with special reference to the dependency of its physiognomic dimensions on topography. Tropics 6: 1-18.