Structural and chemical defenses of echinoderms from the northern Gulf of Mexico

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

Volumn 210, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 173-186

  Bryan, Patrick J ^a   McClintock, James B ^b   Hopkins, Thomas S ^c  

^a HONG KONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemical defense; Echinoderms; Feeding deterrence; Structural defense

Indexed keywords

CARRAGEENAN;

ABDOMINAL WALL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASH; CONTROLLED STUDY; CRAB; ECHINODERM; FISH; HOST RESISTANCE; MEXICO; MINERALIZATION; NONHUMAN; PALATABILITY; PREDATION; THICKNESS;

EID: 0030984341     PISSN: 00220981     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0981(96)02677-9     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Aldrich, J.C., 1976. The spider crab Libinia emarginata LEACH, 1815 Decapoda: Brachyura), and the starfish, an unsuitable predator but a cooperative prey. Crustaceana, Vol. 31, pp. 151-156.
2. Aronson, R.B., 1988. Palatability of five Caribbean ophiuroids. Bull. Mar. Sci., Vol. 43, pp. 93-97.
3. Bakus, G.J., 1968. Defensive mechanisms and ecology of some tropical holothurians. Mar. Biol., Vol. 2, pp. 23-32.
4. Bakus, G.J., 1981. Chemical defense mechanisms in the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Science, Vol. 211, pp. 497-498.
5. Bakus, G.J. and G. Green, 1974. Toxicity in sponges and holothurians: a geographic pattern. Science, Vol. 185, pp. 951-953.
6. Bakus, G.J., N.M. Targett and B. Schulte, 1986. Chemical ecology of marine organisms: an overview. J. Chem. Ecol., Vol. 12, pp. 951-987.
7. Bingham, B.L. and L.F. Braithwaite, 1986. Defense adaptations of the dendrochirote holothurian Psolus chitonoides Clark. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 98, pp. 311-322.
8. Blake, D.B., 1987. A classification and phylogeny of post-Paleozoic sea stars (Asteroidea: Echiodermata). J. Nat. Hist., Vol. 21, pp. 481-528.
9. Burnell, D.J. and J.W. ApSimon, 1983. Echinoderm saponins. In, Marine natural products: chemical and biological perspectives, edited by P.J. Scheuer, Academic Press, New York, pp. 5-287.
10. Campbell, A.C., 1983. Form and function of pedicellariae. In, Echinoderm Studies, edited by J.M. Lawrence and M. Jangoux, A.A. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, Vol. 1, pp. 139-167.
11. Chanas, B. and J.R. Pawlik, 1995. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. 2. spicules, tissue toughness, and nutritional quality. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 127, pp. 195-211.
12. D'Auria, M.V., L. Minale, R. Riccio and E. Uriarte, 1991.Dehydroophioxanthin, a new acetylenic carotenoid sulfate from the ophiuroid Ophicomina nigra. J. Nat. Prod., Vol. 54, pp. 606-608.
13. Emson, R.H. and I.C. Wilkie, 1980. Fission and autotomy in echinoderms. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., Vol. 18, pp. 155-250.
14. Glynn, P.W., 1984. An amphinomid worm predator of the crown-of-thoms sea star and general predation on asteroids in eastern and western pacific coral reefs. Bull. Mar. Sci., Vol. 35, pp. 54-71.
15. Habermehl, G.G. and H.C. Krebs, 1990. Toxins of echinoderms. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Vol. 7, pp. 265-316.
16. Hay, M.E., P.E. Renaud and W. Fenical, 1988. Large mobile versus small sedentary herbivores and their resistance to seaweed chemical defenses. Oecologia, Vol. 75, pp. 246-252.
17. Hendler, G., 1984. Brittlestar color change and phototaxis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiocomidae). P.S.Z.N.I. Mar. Ecol., Vol 5, pp. 379-401.
18. Hopkins, T.S., J.F. Valentine, J.B. McClintock, K. Marion and S.A. Watts, 1991. Community patterns of echinoderms associated with substrate and depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico. In, Biology of Echinodermata. Edited by T. Yanagisawa, I. Yasumasu, C. Ogura, N. Suzuki and T. Motokawa, Balkema Press, Rotterdam, pp. 231-240.
19. Hughes, R.N. and P.I. Hughes, 1971. A study of the gastropod Cassis tuberosa (L.) preying upon sea urchins. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 7, pp. 215-315.
20. Hughes, R.N. and P.I. Hughes, 1981. Morphological and behavioral aspects of feeding in the Cassidae (Tonnacea, Mesogastropoda). Malacologia, Vol. 20, pp. 385-402.
21. Hyman, L.H., 1955. The invertebrates. Vol. 4, Echinodermata. The Coelomate Bilateria. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1029 pp.
22. Iorizzi, M., P.J. Bryan, J.B. McClintock, L. Minale, E. Palagiano, S. Maurelli, R. Riccio and F. Zollo, 1995. Chemical and biological investigation of the polar constituents of the starfish Luidia clathrata, collected in the Gulf of Mexico. J. Nat. Prod., Vol. 58, pp. 653-671.
23. Jangoux, M. and J.M. Lawrence, 1982. Echinoderm nutrition. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands
24. Kabat, A.R., 1990. Predatory ecology of naticid gastropods with a review of shell predation. Malacologia, Vol. 32, pp. 155-193.
25. Lawrence, J.M. and A. Guille, 1982. Organic composition of tropical, polar, and temperate-water echinoderms. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 72B, pp. 283-287.
26. Lucas, J.S., R.J. Hart, M.E. Howden and R. Salathe, 1979. Saponins in eggs and larvae of Acanthaster planci (L.) (Asteroidea) as chemical defenses against planktivorous fish. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 40, pp. 155-165.
27. Luczkovich, J.J., 1988. The role of prey detection in the selection of prey by the pinfish Lagodon rhomboides. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 123, 15-30.
28. Mackie, A.M., H.T. Singh and T.C. Fletcher, 1975. Studies on the cytolytic effects of sea star (Marthasterias glacialis) saponins and synthetic surfactants in the plaice Pleuronectes platessa. Mar. Biol., Vol. 29, pp. 307-314.
29. Mackie, A.M., H.T. Singh and J.M. Owen, 1977. Studies on the distribution, biosynthesis, and function of steroidal saponins in echinoderms. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 56B, pp. 9-14.
30. McClintock, J.B., 1989. Toxicity of shallow-water antarctic echinoderms. Polar Biol.,Vol. 9, pp. 461-465.
31. McClintock, J.B. and J.D. Vernon, 1990. Chemical defense in the eggs and embryos of antarctic sea stars (Echinodermata). Mar. Biol., Vol. 105, pp. 491-495.
32. McClintock, J.B., T.S. Hopkins, S.A. Watts and K. Marion, 1990. The biochemical and energetic composition of somatic body components of echinoderms from the northern Gulf of Mexico. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 95A, pp. 529-532.
33. McLaughlin, P.A. and J.F. Hebard, 1961. Stomach contents of the Bering Sea king crab. Bull. Int. North Pacific Fish. Commis.,Vol. 5, pp. 5-8.
34. Minale, L., C. Pizza, R. Riccio and F. Zollo, 1982. Steroidal glycosides from starfishes. Pure Appl. Chem.,Vol. 54, pp. 1935-1950.
35. Motokawa, T., 1984a. Catch connective tissue: the connective tissue with adjustable mechanical properties. In, Proceedings of the Fifth International Echinoderm Conference, edited by B.F. Keegan and B.D.S. O'Connor, Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 69-73.
36. Motokawa, T., 1984b. The viscosity change of the body-wall dermis of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus caused by mechanical and chemical stimulation. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Vol. 77A, pp. 419-423.
37. Ormond, R.F.G., A.C. Campbell, S.H. Head, R.J. Moore, P.R. Rainbow and A.P. Saunders, 1973. Formation and breakdown of aggregations of the crown-of-thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci (L.). Nature, Vol. 246, pp. 167-169.
38. Palagiano, E., F. Zollo, L. Minale, L.G. Paloma, M. lorizzi, P.J. Bryan and J.B. McClintock, 1995. Downeyoside A and B, two novel sulfated steroid glucuronides from the starfish Henricia downeyae. Tetrahedron, Vol 51. pp. 12 293-12 300.
39. Paul, V.J., (Ed.) 1992. Ecological role of marine natural products. Comstock Pub., Chicago, 245 pp.
40. Paul, V.J., N. Lindquist and W. Fenical, 1990. Chemical defenses of the tropical ascidian Atapozoa sp. and its nudibranch predators Nembrotha spp. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 59, pp. 109-118.
41. Paul, V.J. and S.C. Pennings, 1991. Diet-derived chemical defenses in the sea hare Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy et Gaimard 1824). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., Vol. 151, pp. 227-243.
42. Pawlik, J.R., 1993. Marine invertebrate chemical defenses. Chem. Rev., Vol. 93, pp. 1911-1922.
43. Pawlik, J.R., B. Chanas, R.J. Tooner, and W. Fenical, 1995. Defenses of Caribbean sponges against predatory reef fish. 1. Chemical deterrency. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 127, pp. 183-194.
44. Perschbacher, P.W. and K. Strawn, 1986. Feeding selectivity and standing stocks of Fundulus grandis is an artificial brackish water pond, with comments of Cyprinodon variegatus. Contrib. Mar. Sci., Vol. 29, 103-111.
45. Riccio, R., M.V. D'Auria and L. Minale, 1985. Unusual sulfated marine steroids from the ophiuroid Ophioderma longicaudum. Tetrehedron,Vol. 41, pp. 6041-6046.
46. Rideout, J.A., N.B. Smith and M.D. Sutherland, 1979. Chemical defense of crinoids by polyketide sulfates. Experentia, Vol. 35, pp. 1273-1275.
47. Rinehart, K.L., Jr., P.D. Shaw, L.S. Shield, J.B. Gloer, G.C. Harbour, M.E.S. Koker, D. Samain, R.E. Schwartz, A.A. Tymiak, D.L. Weller, G.T. Carter, M.H.G. Munro, R.G. Hughes, G.E. Renis, E.B. Swyneberg, D.A. Stringfellow, J.J. Vavra, J.H. Coats, G.E. Zurenko, S.L. Kuentzel, L.H. Li, G.J. Bakus, R.C. Brusca, L.L. Craft, D.N. Young and J.L. Conner, 1981. Marine natural products as sources of antiviral, antimicrobial, and antineoplastic agents. Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 53, pp. 795-817.
48. Rogers, S.D. and V.J. Paul, 1991. Chemical defenses of three Glossodoris nudibranchs and their dietary Hyrtios sponges. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., Vol. 77, pp. 221-232.
49. Ruggieri, G.D. and R.F. Nigrelli, 1960. The effects of holothurin, a steroid saponin from the sea cucumber, on the development of the sea urchin. Zoologica, Vol. 45, pp. 1-16.
50. Seeman, P., D. Cheng and G.H. Iles, 1973. Structure of membrane holes in osmotic and saponin hemolysis. J. Cell Biol., Vol. 56, pp. 519-527.
51. Shupp, P.J. and V.J. Paul, 1994. Calcium carbonate and secondary metabolites in tropical seaweeds: variable effects on herbivorous fishes. Ecology, Vol. 75, pp. 1172-1185.
52. Sokal, R.R. and F.J. Rohlf, 1981. Biometry. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 829 pp.
53. Stoner, A.W., 1980. Feeding ecology of Lagodon rhomboides (Pisces, Sparidae) - variation and functional responses. Fish. Bull., Vol. 78, pp. 337-352.
54. Stonik, V.A. and G.B. Elyakov, 1988. Secondary metabolites from echinoderms as chemotaxonomic markers. Bioorg. Mar. Chem., Vol. 2, pp. 43-86.
55. Verbist, J.F., 1993. Pharmacological effects of compounds from echinoderms. In, Echinoderm studies, edited by M. Jangoux and J.M. Lawrence, A.A. Balkema Press, Rotterdam, Vol. 44, pp. 111-186.
56. Vrolijk, N.H., N.M. Targett, B.R. Woodin and J.J. Stegman, 1994. Toxicological and ecological implications of biotransformation enzymes in the tropical teleost Chaetodon capistratus. Mar. Biol.,Vol. 119, pp. 151-158.
57. Walls, J.G., 1975. Fishes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. TFH Publishing, New York, NY, 432 pp.
58. Weinstein, M.P., J.E. Gates, P.E. Giebel and K.L. Heck, 1982. The role of herbivory in pinfish Lagodon rhomboides - a preliminary investigation. Bull. Mar. Sci., Vol. 32, pp. 791-795.
59. Wilson, B.R., L.M. Marsh and B. Hutchins, 1974. A puffer fish predator of crown-of-thorns in Australia. Search, Vol. 5, pp. 601-602.
60. Wylie, C.R. and V.J. Paul, 1989. Chemical defenses in three species of Sinularia (Coelenterata, Alcyonacea): effects against generalist predators and the butterflyfish Chaetodon unimaculatus Bloch. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.,Vol. 129, pp. 141-160.
61. Yasumoto, T., M. Tanaka and Y. Hoshimoto, 1966. Distribution of saponin in echinoderms. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. Oceanogr., Vol. 32, pp. 673-676.