Human retinoblastoma: A morphological study of apoptotic, leukocytic, and vascular elements

Ultrastructural Pathology

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 1997, Pages 95-107

  Madigan, Michele C ^a,b   Penfold, Philip L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^b SYDNEY EYE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Blood retinal barrier; Glia; Leukocytes; Necrosis; Retinoblastoma

Indexed keywords

APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD RETINA BARRIER; CLINICAL ARTICLE; GLIA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; INFANT; LEUKOCYTE; NECROSIS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINOBLASTOMA; ULTRASTRUCTURE;

EID: 0030983051     PISSN: 01913123     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/01913129709021310     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Gallie BL, Dunn JM, Chan HS, Hamel PA, Phillips RA. The genetics of retinoblastoma: relevance to the patient. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1991;38:299-315.
2. Popoff NA, Ellsworth RM. The fine structure of retinoblastoma: in vivo and in vitro observations. Lab Invest. 1971; 25:389-402.
3. Perentes E, Herbort CP, Rubinstein LJ, et al. Immunohistochemical characterization of human retinoblasiomas in situ with multiple markers. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;103: 647-658.
4. Herman MM, Perentes E, Katsetos CD, et al. Neuroblastic differentiation potential of the human retinoblastoma cell lines Y-79 and WERI-Rb1 maintained in an organ culture system: an immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and biochemical study. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:115-132.
5. Tso MOM, Fine BS, Zimmerman LE. The nature of retinoblastoma, II: photoreceptor differentiation: an electron microscopic study. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970;69:350-359.
6. Francois J, Hanssens M, Lagasse A. The ultrastructure of retinoblastoma. Ophthalmologica. 1965;149:53-67.
7. Popoff NA, Ellsworth RM. The fine structure of nuclear alterations in retinoblastoma and in the developing human retina: in vivo and in vitro observations. J Ultrastruct Res. 1969;29:535-549.
8. Albert DM, Lahav M, Lesser R, Craft J. Recent observations regarding retinoblastoma, I: ultrastructure, tissue culture growth, incidence and animal models. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1974;94:909-928.
9. Tso MOM. Clues to the cells of origin in retinoblastoma. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1980;20:191-210.
10. Kerr JFR, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implications in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer. 1972;26:239-257.
11. Wyllie AH, Kerr JFR, Currie AR. Cell death: the significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol. 1980;68:251-306.
12. Penfold PL, Provis JM. Cell death in the development of the human retina: phagocytosis of pyknotic and apoptotic bodies by retinal cells. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1986;224:549-553.
13. Lang R, Lustig M, Francois F, Sellinger M, Plesken H. Apoptosis during macrophage-dependent ocular tissue remodelling. Development. 1994;120:3395-3403.
14. Chang GQ, Hao Y, Wong F. Apoptosis: final common pathway of photoreceptor death in rd, rds, and rhodopsin mutant mice. Neuron. 1993;11:595-605.
15. Lolley RN, Rong H, Craft CM. Linkage of photoreceptor degeneration apoptosis with inherited defect in phototransduction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:358-362.
16. Tso MOM, Zhang C, Abler AS, et al. Apoptosis leads to photoreceptor degeneration in inherited retinal dystrophy of RCS rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994;35:2693-2699.
17. Kerr JFR, Winterford CM, Harmon BV. Apoptosis: its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer. 1994;73: 2013-2026.
18. Howard MA, Dryja TP, Walton DS, Albert DM. Identification and significance of multinucleate tumor cells in retinoblastoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989;107:1025-1030.
19. Madigan MC, Penfold PL, Billson FA. Features of apoptosis in retinoblastoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (Suppl). 1993;34:968.
20. Buchi ER, Bernauer W, Daicker B. Cell death and disposal in retinoblastoma: an electron microscopic study. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1994;232:635-645.
21. Archer DB: Retinal neovascularization. Trans Ophthalmol Soc UK. 1983;103:2-27.
22. Albert DM, Tapper D, Robinson NL, Felman R. Retinoblastoma and angiogenesis activity. Retina. 1984;4:189-194.
23. Burnier MN, McLean IW, Zimmerman LE, Rosenberg SH. Retinoblastoma: the relationship of proliferating cells to blood vessels. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990;31:2037-2040.
24. Ohnishi Y, Yamana Y, Minei M, Ibayashi H. Application of fluorescein angiography in retinoblastoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1982;93:578-588.
25. Sun CN. Ultrastructure of retinal vessel in retinoblastoma. Experientia. 1970;26:1000.
26. Kerr JFR, Searle J, Harmon BV, Bishop CJ. Apoptosis. In: Potten CS, ed. Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1987:93-128.
27. Bryson GJ, Harmon BV, Collins RJ. A flow cytometric study of cell death: failure of some models to correlate with morphological assessment. Immunol Cell Biol. 1994; 72:35-41.
28. Penfold PL, Provis JM, Madigan MC, van Driel D, Billson FA. Angiogenesis in normal human retinal development: the involvement of astrocytes and macrophages. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;228:255-263.
29. Provis JM, Penfold PL, Edwards AJ, van Driel D. Human retinal microglia: expression of immune markers and relationship to the glia limitans. Glia. 1995;14:243-256.
30. Wyllie AH. The biology of cell death in tumors. Anticancer Res. 1985;5:131-136.
31. Cotter TG, Lennon SV, Glynn JG, Martin SJ. Cell death via apoptosis and its relationship to growth, development and differentiation of both normal and tumor cells. Anticancer Res. 1990;10:1153-1160.
32. Fukasawa Y, Ishikura H, Takada A, Imamura M, Yoshiki T, Sato H. Massive apoptosis in infantile myofibromatosis: a putative mechanism of tumor regression. Am J Pathol. 1994;144:480-485.
33. Moore JV. Death of cells and necrosis of tumors. In Potten CS, ed. Perspectives on Mammalian Cell Death. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; 1987:295-325.
34. Sarraf CE, Bowen ID. Proportions of mitotic and apoptotic cells in a range of untreated experimental tumors. Cell Tissue Kinet. 1988;21:45-49.
35. Mooney EE, Ruis JM, O'Neill A, Sweeney EC. Apoptotic and mitotic indices in malignant melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol. 1995;48:242-244.
36. Sellheyer K, Spitznas M. Ultrastructure of the human posterior tunica vasculosa lentis during early gestation. Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1990;225:255-263.
37. Polverini PJ, Leibovich SJ. Induction of neovascularization in vivo and endothelial proliferation in vitro by tumor-associated macrophages. Lab Invest. 1984;51:635-642.
38. Sunderkotter C, Steinbrink K, Goebeler M, Bhardwaj R, Sorg C. Macrophages and angiogenesis. J Leukocyte Biol. 1994;55:410-422.
39. Stefanil DF, Rizkalla LR, Soi A, Goldblatt SA, Rizkalla WM. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors are present in glioblastoma mulitforme. Cancer Res. 1991;51:5760-5765.
40. Berkman RA, Merrill MJ, Reinhold WC, et al. Expression of the vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor gene in central nervous system neoplasms. J Clin Invest. 1993;91:153-159.
41. Samoto K, Ikezaki K, Ono M, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its possible relation with neovascularization in human brain tumors. Cancer Res. 1995;55:1189-1193.
42. Pierce EA, Avery RL, Foley ED, Aiello LP, Smith LE. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:905-909.
43. Hitchcock ER, Morris CS. Mononuclear cell infiltration in central portions of human astrocytomas. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:432-437.
44. Stevens A, Kloter I, Roggendorf W. Inflammatory infiltrates and natural killer cell presence in human brain tumors. Cancer. 1988;61:738-743.
45. Morioka T, Baba T, Black KL, Streit WJ. Immunophenotypic analysis of infiltrating leukocytes and microglia in an experimental rat glioma. Acta Neuropathol. 1992;83:590-597.
46. Black KL, Chen K, Becker DP, Merrill JE. Inflammatory leukocytes associated with increased immunosuppression by glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 1992;77:120-126.
47. Hirano A, Matsui T. Vascular structures in brain tumors. Hum Pathol. 1975;6:611-621.
48. Stewart PA, Hayakawa K, Farrell CL, Del Maestro RF. Quantitative study of microvessel ultrastructure in human peritumoral brain tissue. J Neurosurg. 1987;67:697-705.
49. Molnar ML, Stefansson K, Marton LS, Tripathi RS, Molnar GK. Immunohistochemistry of retinoblastomas in humans. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984;97:301-307.
50. Messmer EP, Font RL, Kirkpatrick JB, Hopping W. Immunohistochemical demonstration of neuronal and astrocytic differentiation in retinoblastoma. Ophthalmology. 1985;92: 167-173.
51. Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Lopes MBS, Garcia-Fernandez JM, et al. Expression of developmentally defined retinal phenotypes in the histogenesis of retinoblastoma. Am J Pathol. 1992;141:363-375.
52. Kivela T, Tarkkanen A, Virtanen I. Intermediate filaments in the human retina and retinoblastoma: an immunohistochemical study of vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilaments. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986;27: 1075-1084.
53. Deane BR, Lantos PL. The vasculature of experimental brain tumors, 1: a sequential light and electron microscope study of angiogenesis. J Neurol Sci. 1981;49:55-66.
54. Janzer RC, Raff MC. Astrocytes induce blood-retinal barrier properties in endothelial cells. Nature. 1987;325:253-257.
55. Tout S, Chan-Ling T, Hollander H, Stone J. The role of Müller cells in the formation of the blood-retinal barrier. Neuroscience. 1993;55:291-301.
56. Lassmann H, Zimprich F, Vass K, Hickey WF. Microglial cells are a component of the perivascular glia limitans. J Neurosci Res. 1991;28:236-243.