Pharmacotherapy of atherosclerosis and of its complications;Pharmakotherapie der Arteriosklerose und ihrer Komplikationen

Schweizerische Medizinische Wochenschrift

Volumn 127, Issue 15, 1997, Pages 636-649

  Tschudi, M R ^b   Noll, G ^b   Luscher T F ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAPTOPRIL; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; ENALAPRIL; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; PRAVASTATIN; QUINAPRIL; SIMVASTATIN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; REVIEW;

ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; ARTERIOSCLEROSIS; BLOOD PLATELETS; CORONARY DISEASE; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR;

EID: 0030980914     PISSN: 00367672     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Lüscher TF, Noll G, Wenzel RR: Systemic hypertension and related vascular disease. In: Stehbens WE, Lie JT: Vascular pathology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1995: 653-669.
2. Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, Stankunavicius R, Kolettis GJ: Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1371-1375.
3. Sims FH: The pathology of the internal thoracic artery and its contribution to the study of atherosclerosis. In: Green GE, Singh RN, Sosa JA: Surgical revascularisation of the heart; the internal thoracic arteries. New York: Igaku-Shoin, 1991: 18-62.
4. Drexler H, Zeiher AM, Meinzer K, Just H: Correction of endothelial dysfunction in coronary microcirculation of hypercholesterolemic patients by L-arginine. Lancet 1991; 338: 1546-1550.
5. Ardehali A: Heart transplantation: accelerated graft atherosclerosis. Adv Card Surg 1995; 6: 195-205.
6. Ylà-Herttuala S, Palinski W, Rosenfeld ME, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE et al.: Evidence for the presence of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein in atherosclerotic lesions of rabbit and man. J Clin Invest 1989; 84: 1086-1095.
7. Verbeuren TJ, Jordaens FH, Zonnekeyn LL, Van Hove CE, Coene MC, Herman AG: Effect of hypercholesterolemia on vascular reactivity in the rabbit. I. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent contractions and relaxations in isolated arteries of control and hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Circ Res 1986; 58: 552-564.
8. Lüscher TF, Wenzel RR: Mechanismen akuter koronarer Syndrome. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1995; 84; 155-164.
9. Richardson PD, Davies MJ, Born GV: Influence of plaque configuration and stress distribution on fissuring of coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Lancet 1989/II: 941-944.
10. Lüscher TF, Vanhoutte PM: The endothelium: modulator of cardiovascular function. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1990: 1-215.
11. Harrison DG, Freiman PC, Armstrong ML, Marcus ML, Heistad DD: Alterations of vascular reactivity in atherosclerosis. Circ Res 1987; 61: 1174-1180.
12. Tanner FC, Noll G, Boulanger CM, Lüscher TF: Oxidized low density lipoproteins inhibit relaxations of porcine coronary arteries. Role of scavenger receptor and endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Circulation 1991; 83: 2012-2020.
13. Richard V, Tanner FC, Tschudi M, Lüscher TF: Different activation of L-arginine pathway by bradykinin, serotonin, and clonidine in coronary arteries. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: H1433-H1439.
14. Joannides R, Haefeli WE, Linder L, Richard V, Bakkali EH et al.: Nitric oxide is responsible for flow-dependent dilatation of human peripheral conduit arteries in vivo. Circulation 1995; 91: 1314-1319.
15. Zeiher AM, Drexler H, Saurbier B, Just H: Endothelium-mediated coronary blood flow modulation in humans. Effects of age, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension. J Clin Invest 1993; 92: 652-662.
16. Nabel EG, Ganz P, Gordon JB, Alexander RW, Selwyn AP: Dilation of normal and constriction of atherosclerotic coronary arteries caused by the cold pressor test. Circulation 1988; 77: 43-52.
17. Celermajer DS, Sorensen KE, Gooch VM, Spiegelhalter DJ, Miller OI et al.: Non-invasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis. Lancet 1992; 340: 1111-1115.
18. Boulanger C, Lüscher TF: Release of endothelium from the porcine aorta. Inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 1990; 85: 587-590.
19. Lerman A, Edwards BS, Hallett JW, Heublein DM, Sandberg SM, Burnett JJ: Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in advanced atherosclerosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 997-1001.
20. Zeiher AM, Ihling C, Pistorius K, Schachinger V, Schaefer H-E: Increased Tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in atherosclerotic lesions associated with acute coronary syndromes. Lancet 1994; 344: 1405-1406.
21. Radomski MW, Palmer RM, Moncada S: The anti-aggregating properties of vascular endothelium: interactions between prostacyclin and nitric oxide. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 92: 639-646.
22. Yang Z, Stulz P, Von SL, Bauer E, Turina M, Lüscher TF: Different interactions of platelets with arterial and venous coronar bypass vessels. Lancet 1991; 337: 939-943.
23. Zeiher AM, Fisslthaler B, Schray-Utz B, Busse R: Nitric oxide modulates the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in cultured human endothelial cells. Circ Res 1995; 76: 980-986.
24. Faggiotto A, Ross R, Harker L: Studies of hypercholesterolemia in the non-human primate. I. Changes that lead to fatty-streak formation. Arteriosclerosis 1984; 4: 323-340.
25. Ross R: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis: a perspective for the 1990s. Nature 1993; 362: 801-809.
26. Kugiyama K, Kerns SA, Morrisett JD, Roberts R, Henry PD: Impairment of endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation by lysolecithin in modified low-density lipoproteins. Nature 1990; 344: 160-162.
27. Lüscher TF, Noll G: The endothelium in coronary vascular control. In: Braunwald E: Heart disease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1995: 1-10.
28. Yang Z, Segesser L, Stulz P, Turina M, Lüscher TF: Pulsatile stretch and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF): important mechanisms for coronary venous bypass graft disease. Circulation 1992; 86 (Suppl. I): 1-84.
29. Oemar BS, Werner A, Garnier J, Lüscher TF: Molecular cloning and expression of human connective tissue growth factor. Hypertension 1993; 22: 424.
30. Yang Z, Noll G, Lüscher TF: Calcium antagonists differently inhibit proliferation of human coronary smooth muscle cells in response to pulsatile stretch and platelet-derived growth factor. Circulation 1993; 88: 832-836.
31. Predel HG, Yang Z, Von SL, Turina M, Bühler FR, Lüscher TF: Pulsatile stretch stimulates growth of saphenous vein but not mammery artery smooth muscle: implications of pulsatile stretch on growth of saphenous vein and mammary artery smooth muscle. Lancet 1992; 340: 878-879.
32. Dzau VJ: Short- and long-term determination of cardiovascular function and therapy: contributions of circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin systems. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1989; 14: 1-5.
33. Tschudi MR, Lüscher TF: Characterization of contractile endothelin and angiotensin receptors in human resistance arteries: evidence for two endothelin and one angiotensin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 204: 685-690.
34. Powell JS, Clozel JP, Muller RK: Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevent myointimal proliferation after vascular injury. Science 1989; 245: 186-188.
35. Dubey RK, Ganten D, Lüscher TF: Enhanced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells from Ren-2 transgenic rats in response to angiotensin II. Hypertension 1993; 33: 412.
36. Hahn AW, Resink TJ, Scott-Burden T, Powelll J, Dohi Y, Buhler FR: Stimulation of endothelin mRNA and secretion in rat vascular smooth muscle cells: a novel autocrine function. Cell Regul 1990; 1: 649-659.
37. Vaughan DE, Lazos SA, Tong K: Angiotensin II regulates the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured endothelial cells. A potential link between the renin-angiotensin system and thrombosis. J Clin Invest 1995; 95: 995-1001.
38. Lonn EM, Yusuf S, Jha P, Montague TJ, Teo KK et al.: Emerging role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in cardiac and vascular protection. Circulation 1994; 90: 2056-2069.
39. Lüscher TF: Angiotensin, ACE-inhibitors and endothelial control of vasomotor tone. Basic Res Cardiol 1993; 1: 15-24.
40. Vanhoutte PM, Boulanger CM, Illiano SC, Nagao T, Vidal M, Mombouli JV: Endothelium-dependent effects of converting enzyme inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1993; 22: 10-16.
41. Tschudi M, Richard V, Bühler FR, Lüscher TF: Importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in porcine coronary resistance arteries. Am J Physiol 1991; 260: H13-H20.
42. Castelli WP: Epidemiology of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Med 1984; 76: 4-12.
43. Albaladejo P, Bouaziz H, Duriez M, Gohlke P, Levy BI et al.: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition prevents the increase in aortic collagen in rats. Hypertension 1994; 23: 74-82.
44. Schiffrin EL, Deng LY, Larochelle P: Progressive improvement in the structure of resistance arteries of hypertensive patients after 2 years of treatment with an angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor. Comparison with effects of a beta-blocker. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8: 229-236.
45. Aberg G, Ferrer P: Effects of captopril on atherosclerosis in cynomolgus monkeys. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15: 65-72.
46. The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302.
47. The SOLVD Investigators: Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 685-691.
48. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, Basta L, Brown EJ et al.: Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677.
49. Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators: Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-828.
50. Harrison DG, Venema RC, Arnal JF, Inoue N, Ohara Y et al.: The endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase: is it really constitutively expressed. Agents Actions 1995; 45: 107-117.
51. Becker RHA, Wiemer G, Linz W: Preservation of endothelial function by ramipril in rabbits on a long-term atherogenic diet. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1991; 18: 110-115.
52. Mancini GBJ, Henry GC Macaya C, O'Neill BJ, Pucillo AL et al: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with quinapril improves endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease: the TREND (Trial on Reversing ENdothelial Dysfunction) Study. Circulation 1996; 94: 258-265.
53. Fuster V: Mechanisms leading to myocardial infarction: insights from studies of vascular biology. Circulation 1994; 90: 2126-2146.
54. Chobanian AV, Haudenschild CC, Nickerson C, Hope S: Trandolapril inhibits atherosclerosis in the Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbit. Hypertension 1992; 20: 473-477.
55. Griendling K, Ollerenshaw JD, Minieri CA, Alexander RW: Angiotensin II stimulates NADH and NADPH activity in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 1994; 74: 1141-1148.
56. Mohazzab KM, Kaminski PM, Wolin MS: NADH oxido-reductase is a major source of superoxide anion in bovine coronary artery endothelium. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: H2568-H2572.
57. Rakugi H, Wang DS, Dzau VJ, Pratt RE: Potential importance of tissue angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in preventing neointima formation. Circulation 1994; 90: 449-455.
58. Schartl M, Bocksch WG, Dreysse S, Beckmann S, Franke O, Hunten U: Remodeling of myocardium and arteries by chronic angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 1994; 12: 37-42.
59. Yusuf S, Pepine CJ, Garces C, Pouleur H, Salem D et al.: Effect of enalapril on myocardial infarction and unstable angina in patients with low ejection fractions. Lancet 1992; 340: 1173-1178.
60. AIRE Study: Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-828.
61. The Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (Trace) study: Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of the screened population. Am J Cardiol 1994; 73: 44C-50C.
62. ISIS-4: A randomized factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58 050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Lancet 1995; 345: 669-685.
63. GISSI-3: Effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto Miocardico. Lancet 1994; 343: 1115-1122.
64. Ambrosioni E, Borghi C, Magnani B: The Survival of Myocardial Infarction Long-term Evaluation (SMILE) Study: The effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor zofenopril on mortality and morbidity after anterior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 80-85.
65. Chinese Cardiac Study Collaborative Group: Oral captopril versus placebo among 13 634 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction: interim report from the Chinese Cardiac Study (CCS-1). Lancet 1995; 345: 686-687.
66. Swedberg K, Held P, Kjekshus J, Rasmussen K, Ryeden L, Wedel H: Effects of the early administration of enalapril on mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Cooperative New Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study II (CONSENSUS II). N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 678-684.
67. Texter M, Lees RS, Pitt B, Dinsmore RE, Uprichard ACG: The Quinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET). Design and methods: evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy after coronary artery intervention. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 1993; 7: 273-282.
68. Does the new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor cilazapril prevent restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty? Results of the MERCATOR Study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Circulation 1992; 86: 100-110.
69. Effect of high dose angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on restenosis: final results of the MARCATOR Study, a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of cilazapril. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25: 362-369.
70. Okamura T, Okunishi H, Ayajiki K, Toda N: Conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in dog isolated renal artery: role of two different angiotensin II generating enzymes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1990; 15: 353-359.
71. Furchgott RF, Zawadzki JV: The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine. Nature 1980; 299: 373-376.
72. Vita JA, Treasure CB, Nabel EG: Coronary vasomotor response to acetylcholine relates to risk factors for coronary artery disease. Circulation 1990; 81: 491-197.
73. Harrison DG, Armstrong ML, Freiman PC, Heistad DD: Restoration of endothelium-dependent relaxation by dietary treatment of atherosclerosis. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 1808-1811.
74. Osborne JA, Lento PH, Siegfried MR, Stahl GL, Fusman B, Lefer AM: Cardiovascular effects of acute hypercholesterolemia in rabbits: reversal with lovastatin treatment. J Clin Invest 1989; 83: 465-473.
75. Benzuly KH, Padgett RC, Kaul S, Piegors DJ, Armstrong ML, Heistad DD: Functional improvement precedes structural regression of atherosclerosis. Circulation 1994; 89: 1810-1818.
76. Treasure CB, Klein JL, Weintraub WS, Talley JD, Stillabower ME et al.: Beneficial effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on the coronary endothelium in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 481-487.
77. Anderson TJ, Meredith IT, Yeung AC, Frei B, Selwyn AP, Ganz P: The effect of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant therapy on endothelium-dependent coronary vasomotion. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 488-493.
78. Vos J, de Feyter J, Simoons ML: Retardation and arrest of progression or regression of coronary artery disease: a review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 1993; 35: 435-454.
79. Fuster V, Badimon L, Badimon JJ: The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 310-318.
80. Seiler C, Hess OM, Buechi M, Suter TM, Krayenbühl HP: Influence of serum cholesterol and other coronary risk factors on vasomotion of angiographically normal coronary arteries. Circulation 1993; 88: 2139-2148.
81. Carvalho ACA, Colman RW, Lees RS: Platelet function in hyperlipoproteinemia. N Engl J Med 1974; 290: 434-438.
82. Kaczmarek D, Hohlfeld T, Wambach G: The actions of lovastatin on platelet function and platelet eicosanoid receptors in type II hypercholesterolemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1993; 45: 451-457.
83. AntiplateletTrialists' Collaboration: Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy I: prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. Br Med J 1994; 308: 81-106.
84. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group: Randomized trial of cholesterol-lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389.
85. MAAS INVESTIGATORS: Effect of Simvastatin on coronary atheroma: the Multicenter Anti-Atheroma Study (MAAS). Lancet 1994; 344: 633-638.
86. Blankenhorn DH, Azen SP, Kramsch DM, Mack WJ, Cashin-Hemphill L et al.: Coronary angiographic changes with lovastatin therapy. The Monitored Atherosclerosis Regression Study (MARS). The MARS Research Group. Ann Intern Med 1993; 119: 969-976.
87. Jukema JW, Bruschke AVG, Van Boven AJ: Effects of lipid lowering by pravastatin on progression and regression of coronary artery disease in symptomatic men with normal to moderate elevated serum cholesterol levels. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study (REGRESS). Circulation 1995; 91: 2528-2540.
88. Oliver MF: Doubts about preventing coronary heart disease. Multiple interventions in middle aged men may do more harm than good. Br Med J 1992; 304: 393-394.
89. Davey Smith G, Pekanen J: Should there be a moratorium on the use of cholesterol lowering drugs. Br Med J 1992; 304: 431-434.
90. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I, Isles CG, Lorimer AR et al.: Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1301-1307.
91. Oliver M, Poole-Wilson P, Shepherd J: Lower patients' cholesterol now. Br Med J 1995; 310: 1280-1281.
92. Wood DA: Cholesterol lowering does have a role in secondary prevention. Br Heart J 1995; 73: 4-5.
93. Shepherd J, Cobbe SM, Ford I: Prevention of coronary heart disease with pravastatin in men with hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 1301-1307.
94. Gould AL, Roussouw JE, Santanello NC: Cholesterol reduction yields clinical benefit: a new look at old data. Circulation 1995; 91: 2274-2282.
95. Law MR, Wald NJ, Thompson SG: By how much and how quickly does reduction in serum cholesterol concentration lower risk of ischemic heart disease. Br Med J 1994; 308: 367-372.
96. Thompson SG: Controversies in meta-analysis: the case of the trials of serum cholesterol reduction. Stat Methods Med Res 1993; 2: 173-192.
97. Buchwald H, Varco RL, Matts JP, Long JM, Fitch LL et al.: Effect of partial ileal bypass surgery on mortality and morbidity from coronary heart disease in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Report of the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias (POSCH). N Engl J Med 1990; 323: 946-955.
98. Nawrocki JW, Weiss SR, Davidson MH, Sprecher DL, Schwartz SL et al.: Reduction of LDL cholesterol by 25% to 60% in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia by atorvastatin, a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1995; 15: 678-682.
99. Bakker-Arkema RG, Davidson MH, Goldstein RJ, Davignon J, Isaacsohn JL et al.: Efficacy and safety of a new HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, atorvastatin, in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA 1996; 275: 128-133.