Mechanisms of enhanced macrophage apoE secretion by oxidized LDL

Journal of Lipid Research

Volumn 38, Issue 5, 1997, Pages 981-991

  Cader, Angelina A ^a   Steinberg, Francene M ^a   Mazzone, Theodore ^b   Chait, Alan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b RUSH MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

7 ketocholesterol; Apolipoprotein E; Macrophage; Oxidized LDL

Indexed keywords

7 OXOCHOLESTEROL; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; MESSENGER RNA; OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN;

ARTICLE; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; LIPID ANALYSIS; MACROPHAGE; NORTHERN BLOTTING; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; PROTEIN DETERMINATION; PROTEIN SECRETION;

APOLIPOPROTEINS E; GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; LIPOPROTEINS, LDL; MACROPHAGES; RNA, MESSENGER; TUMOR CELLS, CULTURED;

EID: 0030976142     PISSN: 00222275     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Witztum, J. L., and D. Steinberg. 1991. Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. J. Clin. Invest. 88: 1785-1792.
2. Young, S. G., and S. Parthasarathy. 1994. Why are low-density lipoproteins atherogenic? West. J. Med. 160: 153-164.
3. Lusis, A. J., and M. Navab. 1993. Lipoprotein oxidation and gene expression in the artery wall. New opportunities for pharmacologic intervention in atherosclerosis. Biochem. Pharmacol. 46: 2119-2126.
4. Palinski, W., M. E. Rosenfeld, S. Ylä-Herttuala, G. C. Gurtner, S. S. Socher, S. W. Butler, S. Parthasarathy, T. E. Carew, D. Steinberg, and J. L. Witztum. 1989. Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 1372-1376.
5. Ylä-Herttuala, S., M. E. Rosenfeld, S. Parthasarathy, C. K. Glass, E. Sigal, J. L. Witztum, and D. Steinberg. 1990. Colocalization of 15-lipoxygenase mRNA and protein with epitopes of oxidized low density lipoprotein in macrophage-rich areas of atherosclerotic lesions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87: 6959-6963.
6. Maggi, E., E. Marchesi, V. Ravetta, A. Martignoni, G. Finardi, and G. Bellomo. 1995. Presence of autoantibodies against oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein in essential hypertension: a biochemical signature of an enhanced in vivo low-density lipoprotein oxidation. J. Hypertens. 13: 129-138.
7. Maggi, E., R. Chiesa, G. Melissano, R. Castellano, D. Astore, A. Grossi, G. Finardi, and G. Bellomo. 1994. LDL oxidation in patients with severe carotid atherosclerosis. A study of in vitro and in vivo oxidation markers. Arterioscler. Thromb. 14: 1892-1899.
8. Ylä-Herttuala, S., M. E. Rosenfeld, S. Parthasarathy, E. Sigal, T. Särkioja, J. L. Witztum, and D. Steinberg. 1991. Gene expression in macrophage-rich human atherosclerotic lesions: 15-lipoxygenase and acetyl low density lipoprotein receptor messenger RNA colocalize with oxidation specific lipid-protein adducts. J. Clin. Invest. 87: 1146-1152.
9. Ross, R., and L. Agius. 1992. The process of atherogenesis - Cellular and molecular interaction: from experimental animal models to humans. Diabetologia. 35(suppl 2): S34-40.
10. O'Brien, K. D., D. Gordon, S. Deeb, M. Ferguson, and A. Chait. 1992. Lipoprotein lipase is synthesized by macrophage-derived foam cells in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques. J. Clin. Invest. 89: 1544-1550.
11. Brown, M. S., and J. L. Goldstein. 1983. Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 52: 223-261.
12. Kowal, R. C., J. Herz, J. L. Goldstein, V. Esser, and M. S. Brown. 1989. Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein mediates uptake of cholesteryl esters derived from apoprotein E-enriched lipoproteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 86: 5810-5814.
13. Havel, J. H., and J. P. Kane. 1989. Lipoprotein and lipid metabolism disorders. Introduction: structure and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. In The Metabolic Basis of Inherited Disease. C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly, and D. Valle, editors. McGraw-Hill Publishing New York, NY. 1129-1138.
14. Elshourbagy, N. A., W. S. Liao, R. W. Mahley, and J. M. Taylor. 1985. Apolipoprotein E mRNA is abundant in the brain and adrenals, as well as in the liver, and is present in other peripheral tissues of rats and marmosets. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82: 203-207.
15. Basu, S. K., M. S. Brown, Y. K. Ho, R. J. Havel, and J. L. Goldstein. 1981. Mouse macrophages synthesize and secrete a protein resembling apolipoprotein E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 78: 7545-7549.
16. Deng, J., V. Rudick, L. Dory. 1995. Lysosomal degradation and sorting of apolipoprotein E in macrophages. J. Lipid Res. 36: 2129-2140.
17. Rosenfeld, M. E., S. Butler, V. A. Ord, B. A. Lipton, C. A. Dyer, L. K. Curtiss, W. Palinski, and J. L. Witztum. 1993. Abundant expression of apoprotein E by macrophages in human and rabbit atherosclerotic lesions. Arterioscler. Thromb. 13: 1382-1389.
18. O'Brien, K. D., S. S. Deeb, M. Ferguson, T. O. McDonald, M. D. Allen, C. E. Alpers, and A. Chait. 1994. Apolipoprotein E localization in human coronary atherosclerotic plaques by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry and comparison with lipoprotein lipase. Am. J. Pathol. 144: 538-548.
19. Bellosta, S., R. W. Mahley, D. A. Sanan, J. Murata, D. L. Newland, J. M. Taylor, and R. E. Pitas. 1995. Macrophage-specific expression of human apolipoprotein E reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein E-null mice. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 2170-2179.
20. Roma, P., A. L. Catapano, S. M. Bertulli, L. Varesi, R. Fumagalli, and F. Bernini. 1990. Oxidized LDL increase free cholesterol and fail to stimulate cholesterol esterification in murinc macrophages. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171: 123-131.
21. Mazzone, T., H. Gump, P. Diller, and G. S. Getz. 1987. Macrophage free cholesterol content regulates apolipoprotein E synthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 11657-11662.
22. Auwerx, J. H., S. Deeb, J. D. Brunzell, R. Peng, and A. Chait. 1988. Transcriptional activation of the lipoprotein lipase and apolipoprotein E genes accompanies differentiation in some human macrophage-like cell lines. Biochemistry. 27: 2651-2655.
23. Domin, W. S., A. Chait, and S. Deeb. 1991. Transcriptional activation of the lipoprotein lipase gene in macrophages by dexamethasone. Biochemistry. 30: 2570-2574.
24. Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162: 156-159.
25. Cleveland, D. W., M. A. Lopata, R. J. McDonald, N. J. Cowan, W. J. Rutter, and M. W. Kirschner. 1980. Number and evolutionary conservation of alpha- and beta-tubulin and cytoplasmic beta- and gamma-actin genes using specific cloned cDNA probes. Cell. 20: 95-105.
26. Oram, J. F. 1986. Receptor-mediated transport of cholesterol between cultured cells and high-density lipoproteins. Methods Enzymol. 129: 645-659.
27. Lowry, O. H., N. J. Rosebrough, A. L. Farr, and R. J. Randall. 1951. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J. Biol. Chem. 193: 265-275.
28. Kritharides, L., W. Jessup, J. Gifford, and R. T. Dean. 1993. A method for defining the stages of low-density lipo protein oxidation by the separation of cholesterol- and cholesteryl ester-oxidation products using HPLC. Anal. Biochem. 213: 78-89.
29. Duan, H., Z. Li, and T. Mazzone. 1995. Tumor necrosis factor-∝ modulates monocyte/macrophage apoprotein E gene expression. J. Clin. Invest. 96: 915-922.
30. Heinecke, J. W., H. Rosen, and A. Chait. 1984. Iron and copper promote modification of low density lipoprotein by human arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. J. Clin. Invest. 74: 1890-1894.
31. Noguchi, N., N. Gotoh, and E. Niki. 1994. Effects of ebselen and probucol on oxidative modifications of lipid and protein of low density lipoprotein induced by free radicals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1213: 176-182.
32. Parhami, F., Z. T. Fang, A. M. Fogelman, A. Andalibi, M. C. Territo, and J. A. Berliner. 1993. Minimally modified low density lipoprotein-induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells are mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate. J. Clin. Invest. 92: 471-478.
33. Hazell, L. J., and R. Stocker. 1993. Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein with hypochlorite causes transformation of the lipoprotein into a high-uptake form for macrophages. Biochem. J. 290: 165-172.
34. Zhang, H. F., H. J. Basra, and U. P. Steinbrecher. 1990. Effects of oxidatively modified LDL on cholesterol esterification in cultured macrophages. J. Lipid Res. 31: 1361-1369.
35. Jialal, I., D. A. Freeman, and S. M. Grundy. 1991. Varying susceptibility of different low density lipoproteins to oxidative modification. Arterioscler. Thromb. 11: 482-488.
36. Kayden, H. J., F. Maschio, and M. G. Traber. 1985. The secretion of apolipoprotein E by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 239: 388-395.
37. Zhang, M. Y., and R. C. Lin. 1994. Oxidatively modified and acetylated low-density lipoproteins differ in their effects on cholesterol synthesis and stimulate synthesis of apolipoprotein E in rat peritoneal macrophages by different mechanisms. Metabolism. 43: 1523-1530.
38. Greenwalt, D. E., R. H. Lipsky, C. F. Ockenhouse, H. Ikeda, N. N. Tandon, and G. A. Jamieson. 1992. Membrane glycoprotein CD36: a review of its role in adherence, signal transduction, and transfusion medicine. Blood. 80: 1105-1115.
39. Ottnad, E., S. Parthasarathy, G. R. Sambrano, M. P. Ramprasad, O. Quehenberger, N. Kondratenko, S. Green, and D. Steinberg. 1995. A macrophage receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein distinct from the receptor for acetyl low density lipoprotein: partial purification and role in recognition of oxidatively damaged cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 1391-1395.
40. Stanton, L. W., R. T. White, C. M. Bryant, A. A. Protter, and G. Endemann. 1992. A macrophage Fc receptor for IgG is also a receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 22446-22451.
41. Jialal, I., and A. Chait. 1989. Differences in the metabolism of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein and acetylated low density lipoprotein by human endothelial cells: inhibition of cholesterol esterification by oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein. J. Lipid Res. 30: 1561-1568.
42. Hoppe, G., J. O'Neil, and H. F. Hoff. 1994. Inactivation of lysosomal proteases by oxidized low density lipoprotein is partially responsible for its poor degradation by mouse peritoneal macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 94: 1506-1512.
43. Maor, I., and M. Aviram. 1994. Oxidized low density lipoprotein leads to macrophage accumulation of unesterified cholesterol as a result of lysosomal trapping of the lipoprotein hydrolyzed cholesteryl ester. J. Lipid Res. 35: 803-819.
44. Maor, I., H. Mandel, and M. Aviram. 1995. Macrophage uptake of oxidized LDL inhibits lysosomal sphingomyelinase, thus causing the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol-sphingomyelin-rich particles in the lysosomes. A possible role for 7-ketocholesterol. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 15: 1378-1387.
45. Peffley, D. M. 1992. Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase synthesis in Syrian hamster C100 cells by mevinolin, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and mevalonate: the role of posttranscriptional control. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 18: 19-32.
46. Mazzone, T., K. Basheeruddin, L. Ping, and C. Schick. 1990. Regulation of growth- and sterol-related regulatory pathways for low density lipoprotein receptor gene expression. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 5145-5149.
47. Basu, S. K., J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown. 1983. Independent pathways for secretion of cholesterol and apolipoprotein E by macrophages. Science. 219: 871-873.
48. Shimano, H., J. Ohsuga, M. Shimada, Y. Namba, T. Gotoda, K. Harada, M. Katsuki, Y. Yazaki, and N. Yamada. 1995. Inhibition of diet-induced atheroma formation in transgenic mice expressing apolipoprotein E in the arterial wall. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 469-476.
49. 3. J. Lipid Res. 35: 1345-1353.