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2
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0025450991
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R. Fong, U. Sacken, J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 2009 (1990); B. Scrosati, ibid. 139, 2776 (1992).
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Fong, R.1
Sacken, U.2
Dahn, J.R.3
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3
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0026928795
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R. Fong, U. Sacken, J. R. Dahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. 137, 2009 (1990); B. Scrosati, ibid. 139, 2776 (1992).
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J. Electrochem. Soc.
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Scrosati, B.1
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4
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1842272876
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note
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All specific capacity and capacity density values are expressed on the basis of unit mass or volume of the starting material (oxidized state) before Li insertion and exclude the mass of any Li in the weights of the anodic materials.
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5
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0028364151
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K. Sato, M. Noguchi, A. Demachi, N. Oki, M. Endo, Science 264, 556 (1994).
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Science
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Sato, K.1
Noguchi, M.2
Demachi, A.3
Oki, N.4
Endo, M.5
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6
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0028282388
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S. Yata et al., Synth. Met. 62, 153 (1994).
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(1994)
Synth. Met.
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, pp. 153
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Yata, S.1
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7
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0027577981
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Z. X. Shu, R. S. McMillan, J. J. Murray, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 922 (1993). Effort has been made to design Li batteries without the use of Li-graphite anodes at low potentials [W. Li, J. R. Dahn, D. S. Wainwright, Science 264, 1115 (1994)].
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(1993)
J. Electrochem. Soc.
, vol.140
, pp. 922
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Shu, Z.X.1
McMillan, R.S.2
Murray, J.J.3
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8
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0028439202
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Z. X. Shu, R. S. McMillan, J. J. Murray, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 922 (1993). Effort has been made to design Li batteries without the use of Li-graphite anodes at low potentials [W. Li, J. R. Dahn, D. S. Wainwright, Science 264, 1115 (1994)].
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(1994)
Science
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, pp. 1115
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Li, W.1
Dahn, J.R.2
Wainwright, D.S.3
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10
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1842359512
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note
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+ (OCV), this loss is reduced to 25%, and further overvoltage recovers charge-discharge efficiency to the level of 85%. This fact indicates that the actual electrochemically irreversible portion in the initial Li-insertion reaction is one-seventh the initial charge capacity.
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-
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12
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1842304655
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note
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Some TCOs with low Sn content showed poor glass formability, as a sign that Sn itself serves as a glass-forming component.
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-
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13
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1842276821
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note
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We have found other glass-forming elements in metals and semi-metals such as Si, Ge, and V. Examples of other elements capable of constituting Sn-based oxide anodes, the optimization of which led to the invention of TCOs, are given in our patent applications: Y. Idota et al., European Patent 651,450A1 (1995); ibid., Canadian Patent 2,113,053 (1995); Y. Idota, U.S. Patent 5,478,671 (1995).
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14
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1842305630
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note
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2O sample, as a broad complex band (half width in chemical shift of 200 ppm centered near 0 ppm).
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15
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1842303730
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note
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The effect of these dopants was discovered by random screening of glass-forming elements, and the exact chemical mechanism has not yet been determined. For detailed information, see K. Goda et al., International Patent Application (PCT) WO96/33519.
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17
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1842283605
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note
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Unit C represents the rate of charging (discharging) in which current is equivalent to the quantity of the nominal capacity of a battery, indicating the rate in which charging can be completed in essentially 1 hour if the rate efficiency is unchanged.
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18
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1842314177
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note
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7U-NMR analysis.
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