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2
-
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0029873197
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Intersalt revisited: Further analysis of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations
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Elliott P, Stamler J, Nichols R, Dyer AR, Stamler R, Kesteloot H, Marmot M: Intersalt revisited: further analysis of 24 hour sodium excretion and blood pressure within and across populations. Br Med J 1996, 312:1249-1253. This paper presents the re-analysis of the INTERSALT data after multivariate correction for regression dilution bias. The 'within' population analysis confirms an association between blood pressure and sodium intake, which is stronger in the older age groups. In 'cross population' analyses, a 100mmol higher daily sodium excretion was associated with an average blood pressure 5 7 2 4 mmHg higher and with a steeper increase in blood pressure with age for a higher sodium excretion. The results support recommendations for reduction of high salt intake in populations for the prevention and control of high blood pressure.
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Br Med J
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Elliott, P.1
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0029968278
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The food industry fights for salt
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Goodlee F: The food industry fights for salt. Br Med J 1996, 312:1239-1240. This editorial reveals the collusions between the food industry, politicians, public health professionals and medicine.
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Salt and blood pressure revisited
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Thelle DS: Salt and blood pressure revisited. Br Med J 1996, 312:1240-1241.
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Commentary: Evidence on salt is consistent
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Law M: Commentary: evidence on salt is consistent. Br Med J 1996, 312:1284-1285.
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Commentary: Sodium and blood pressure in the Intersalt study and other studies - In reply to the Salt Institute
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Stamler J, Elliott P, Dyer AR, Stamler R, Kesteloot H, Marmot M: Commentary: sodium and blood pressure in the Intersalt study and other studies - in reply to the Salt Institute. Br Med J 1996, 312:1285-1287.
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7
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Salt - Overwhelming evidence but still no action: Can a consensus be reached with the food industry?
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MacGregor GA, Severs PS: Salt - overwhelming evidence but still no action: can a consensus be reached with the food industry? Br Med J 1996, 312:1287-1289. This paper was written on behalf of CASH (Consensus Action on Salt and Hypertension), a group of leading experts in the field whose aim is to work with the food industry to reach a consensus on salt and blood pressure and then to devise a means to reduce the amount of salt in food.
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0029979583
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Intersalt: Hypertension rise with age revisited
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Hanneman RL: Intersalt: hypertension rise with age revisited. Br Med J 1996; 312:1283-1284.
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Hanneman, R.L.1
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9
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0029821793
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Salt intake and blood pressure in rural and metropolitan Mexico
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Sanchez-Castillo CP, Solano ML, Flores J, Franklin MF, Limon N, Martinez del Cerro V, Velazquez C, Villa AR, James WP: Salt intake and blood pressure in rural and metropolitan Mexico. Arch Med Res 1996, 27:559-566.
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Martinez Del Cerro, V.6
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10
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0030175502
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Dietary sodium and potassium, socioeconomic status and blood pressure in a Chinese population
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Tian HG, Hu G, Dong QN, Yang XL, Nan Y, Pietinen P, Nissinen A: Dietary sodium and potassium, socioeconomic status and blood pressure in a Chinese population. Appetite 1996, 26:235-246.
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Tian, H.G.1
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Nissinen, A.7
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11
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9844248765
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A moderate reduction in sodium intake lowers blood pressure in an elderly population
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Cappuccio FP, Markandu ND, Carney C, Sagnella GA, MacGregor GA: A moderate reduction in sodium intake lowers blood pressure in an elderly population [Abstract]. Hypertension 1996, 28:698. The first evidence that an 80 mmol day reduction in sodium intake in an unselected elderly population with a broad range of blood pressure lowers blood pressure as effectively in hypertensive as in normotensive individuals.
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Hypertension
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Cappuccio, F.P.1
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12
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0029967184
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Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Midgley JP, Matthew AG, Greenwood CMT, Logan AG: Effect of reduced dietary sodium on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA 1996, 275:1590-1597. This meta-analysis (see correspondence below) of 56 randomized controlled trials of salt restriction and blood pressure claims there is lack of evidence of a beneficial effect of such a manoeuvre in normotensive populations. This is at variance with previous meta-analyses of the same data and claims made in summary and text are not justified by the results.
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JAMA
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Midgley, J.P.1
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13
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Dietary sodium and blood pressure
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Stamler J, Whelton PK, Coehn JD, Applegate WB, Kotchen TA, Krasuss RM, MacGregor GA, Cappuccio FP, Messerli FH, Scmeider RE et al.: Dietary sodium and blood pressure [Correspondence]. JAMA 1996, 276:1467-1470.
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Messerli, F.H.9
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14
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0025797470
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By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure?
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Law MR, Frost CD, Wald NJ: By how much does dietary salt reduction lower blood pressure? Br Med J 1991, 302:811-824.
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Cutler JA, Follmann D, Allender PS: Randomised trials of sodium reduction: an overview. Am J Clin Med 1997, 65(suppl):643S-651S.
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Cutler, J.A.1
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16
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0029950482
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Effects of dietary sodium substitution with potassium and magnesium in hypertensive type II diabetics: A randomised blind controlled parallel study
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Gilleran G, O'Leary M, Bartlett WA, Vinall H, Jones AF, Dodson PM: Effects of dietary sodium substitution with potassium and magnesium in hypertensive type II diabetics: a randomised blind controlled parallel study. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:517-521.
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Gilleran, G.1
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Bartlett, W.A.3
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Jones, A.F.5
Dodson, P.M.6
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17
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0030046022
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Effects of dietary sodium on blood pressure in IDDM patients with nephropathy
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Mulhauser I, Prange K, Sawicki PT, Bender R, Dworschak A, Schaden W, Berger M: Effects of dietary sodium on blood pressure in IDDM patients with nephropathy. Diabetologia 1996, 39:212-219.
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Diabetologia
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Mulhauser, I.1
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Berger, M.7
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18
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0031000891
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Long-term effects of neonatal sodium restriction on blood pressure
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Geleijnse JM, Hofman A, Witteman JCM, Hazebroek AAJM, Valkenburg HA, Grobbee DE: Long-term effects of neonatal sodium restriction on blood pressure. Hypertension 1997, 29:913-917. Follow-up of blood pressure in infancy and adolescence suggesting that sodium intake in infancy may be important in relation to blood pressure later in life.
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Hypertension
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Geleijnse, J.M.1
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Hazebroek, A.A.J.M.4
Valkenburg, H.A.5
Grobbee, D.E.6
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19
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0020615119
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A randomised trial of sodium intake and blood pressure in newborn infants
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Hofman A, Hazebroek A, Valkenburg HA: A randomised trial of sodium intake and blood pressure in newborn infants. JAMA 1983, 250:370-373.
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Hofman, A.1
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20
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0030603843
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Salt - More adverse effects
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Antonios TFT, MacGregor GA: Salt - more adverse effects. Lancet 1996, 348:250-251. A summary of the body of evidence linking a high sodium intake to a number of pathological processes other than high blood pressure is presented.
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Lancet
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Antonios, T.F.T.1
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21
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0029985266
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Renal function and blood pressure response to dietary salt restriction in normotensive men
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Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Russo L, Stinga F, Iacone R, Strazzullo P: Renal function and blood pressure response to dietary salt restriction in normotensive men. Hypertension 1996, 27:1160-1164. This study suggests that hyperfiltration precedes the development of high blood pressure. Furthermore, it is reversed by a reduction in sodium intake in those individuals whose blood pressure is most sensitive to the effects of a high sodium diet.
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Hypertension
, vol.27
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Barba, G.1
Cappuccio, F.P.2
Russo, L.3
Stinga, F.4
Iacone, R.5
Strazzullo, P.6
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22
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0029995004
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Does high salt intake cause hyperfiltration in patients with essential hypertension?
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Mallamaci F, Leonardis D, Bellizzi V, Zoccali C: Does high salt intake cause hyperfiltration in patients with essential hypertension? J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:157-161.
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J Hum Hypertens
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Mallamaci, F.1
Leonardis, D.2
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Zoccali, C.4
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23
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0029834939
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Salt intake and hyperfiltration
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Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Barba G, Strazzullo P, Cappuccio FP: Salt intake and hyperfiltration [Correspondence]. Hypertension 1996, 28:1100-1102.
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Hypertension
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Zoccali, C.1
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Barba, G.3
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Cappuccio, F.P.5
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24
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9844242576
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Salt sensitivity is associated with a distinct renal pattern which is stable over time. Results from a 7 year follow-up in normotensive men
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Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Siani A, Mellone C, Stinga F, Noviello F, Maffei MA, Strazzullo P: Salt sensitivity is associated with a distinct renal pattern which is stable over time. Results from a 7 year follow-up in normotensive men [Abstract]. Hypertension 1966, 28:702.
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Hypertension
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Barba, G.1
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Maffei, M.A.7
Strazzullo, P.8
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25
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0030211287
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Effects of sodium intake on albumin excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with long-acting calcium antagonists
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Bakris GL, Smith A: Effects of sodium intake on albumin excretion in patients with diabetic nephropathy treated with long-acting calcium antagonists. Ann Intern Med 1996, 125:201-204. A high sodium intake hampers the albumin-decreasing effects of certain calcium antagonists in diabetic patients with nephropathy.
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Ann Intern Med
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Bakris, G.L.1
Smith, A.2
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Dietary salt intake and left ventricular hypertrophy
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Schmieder RE: Dietary salt intake and left ventricular hypertrophy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997, 12:245-248.
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Nephrol Dial Transplant
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27
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0029817978
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Angiotensin II related to sodium excretion modulates left ventricular structure in human essential hypertension
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Schmieder RE, Langenfield MRW, Friedrich A, Schobel HP, Gatzka CD, Weihprecht H: Angiotensin II related to sodium excretion modulates left ventricular structure in human essential hypertension. Circulation 1996, 94:1393-1398.
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Circulation
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Weihprecht, H.6
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28
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0030890087
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Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure
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Rastenyte D, Tuomilehto J, Moltchanov V, Lindstrom J, Pietinen P, Nissinen A: Association between salt intake, heart rate and blood pressure. J Hum Hypertens 1997, 11:57-62.
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J Hum Hypertens
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29
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0029845080
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Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in salt-sensitive hypertension
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Piccirillo G, Bucca C, Durnate M, Santagada E, Munizzi MR, Cacciafesta M, Marigliano V: Heart rate and blood pressure variabilities in salt-sensitive hypertension. Hypertension 1996, 28:944-952.
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Hypertension
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Marigliano, V.7
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30
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0029592205
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Long-term moderate sodium restriction does not adversely affect the serum HDL/total cholesterol ratio
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Geleijnse JM, Witterman JC, Bak AA, den Breeijen JH, Grobbee DE: Long-term moderate sodium restriction does not adversely affect the serum HDL/total cholesterol ratio. J Hum Hypertens 1995, 9:975-979.
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J Hum Hypertens
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Geleijnse, J.M.1
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31
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0029942536
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Moderate dietary salt restriction does not alter insulin resistance or serum lipids in normal men
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Grey A, Braatvedt G, Holdway I: Moderate dietary salt restriction does not alter insulin resistance or serum lipids in normal men. Am J Hypertens 1996, 9:317-322.
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Am J Hypertens
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32
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0029857181
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Glucose load and renal sodium handling in mild essential hypertension on different sodium intakes
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Inoue J, Cappuccio FP, Sagnella GA, Markandu ND, Folkerd EJ, Sampson B, Miller MA, Blackwood AM, MacGregor GA: Glucose load and renal sodium handling in mild essential hypertension on different sodium intakes. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:523-529.
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J Hum Hypertens
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Inoue, J.1
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Folkerd, E.J.5
Sampson, B.6
Miller, M.A.7
Blackwood, A.M.8
MacGregor, G.A.9
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0029856372
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Dietary salt restriction increases vascular insulin resistance
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Feldman RD, Logan AG, Schmidt ND: Dietary salt restriction increases vascular insulin resistance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996, 60:444-451.
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Clin Pharmacol Ther
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MacGregor GA, Cappuccio FP: The kidney and essential hypertension: a link to osteoporosis? J Hypertens 1993, 11:781-785.
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J Hypertens
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0029896608
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Dietary salt, urinary calcium and bone loss
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Massey LK, Whiting SJ: Dietary salt, urinary calcium and bone loss. J Bone Min Res 1996, 11:731-736.
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J Bone Min Res
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0029917022
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Sodium excretion in relation to calcium and hydroxyproline excretion in a healthy Japanese population
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Itoh R, Suyama Y: Sodium excretion in relation to calcium and hydroxyproline excretion in a healthy Japanese population. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 63:735-740. In 410 men and 476 women, aged 20 79 years, a higher sodium intake was associated with a greater urinary calcium loss and higher hydroxyproline excretion. The increase in calcium excretion was 0.6-1.0mmol 100mmol higher sodium intake and was consistent in men and women, and in younger and older age groups.
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Am J Clin Nutr
, vol.63
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Itoh, R.1
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0030138993
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Dietary prevention of osteoporosis: Are we ignoring the evidence?
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Cappuccio FP: Dietary prevention of osteoporosis: are we ignoring the evidence? [Letter]. Am J Clin Nutr 1996, 63:787-788.
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Am J Clin Nutr
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Case report. Moderate salt restriction for the management of hypertension and hypercalciuria
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Saggar-Malik AK, Markandu ND, MacGregor GA, Cappuccio FP: Case report. Moderate salt restriction for the management of hypertension and hypercalciuria. J Hum Hypertens 1996, 10:811-813.
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J Hum Hypertens
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0030041047
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Nutrition and stomach cancer
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Kono S, Hirohata T: Nutrition and stomach cancer. Cancer Causes Control 1996, 7:41-55. An up-to-date review of the epidemiological evidence of the association between nutrition and stomach cancer is presented. The evidence from many case-control studies and limited cohort studies, taken together with animal data, supports the view that high salt intake is a risk factor for stomach cancer.
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Cancer Causes Control
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Kono, S.1
Hirohata, T.2
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Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group
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Joossens JV, Hill MJ, Elliott P, Stamler R, Lesffre E, Dyer A, Nichols R, Kesteloot H: Dietary salt, nitrate and stomach cancer mortality in 24 countries. European Cancer Prevention (ECP) and the INTERSALT Cooperative Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 1996, 25:494-504. This ecological study examines the relationship of sodium intake and nitrate intake with stomach cancer mortality in 39 populations sampled from 29 countries (n = 5756 people for sodium, 3303 people). Both sodium and nitrate were positively associated with stomach cancer mortality. The importance of nitrate as a risk factor increased markedly with higher sodium levels. The relationship of stomach cancer with sodium was always stronger than with nitrate.
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(1996)
Int J Epidemiol
, vol.25
, pp. 494-504
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Joossens, J.V.1
Hill, M.J.2
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41
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Prevention of asthma
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Peat JK: Prevention of asthma. Eur Resp J 1996, 9:1545-1555. There is accumulating epidemiological evidence that a dietary excess of sodium is involved in the aetiology of asthma.
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Eur Resp J
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Peat, J.K.1
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Demissie K, Ernst P, Gray Donald K, Joseph L: Usual dietary salt intake and asthma in children: a case-control study. Thorax 1996, 51:59-63. Although no association was found between prevalence of asthma or exercise-induced bronchospasm and dietary salt intake in a case control study of 332 children aged 5 13 years, bronchial hyper-responsiveness to methacholine did appear to increase with greater salt intake.
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Thorax
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Demissie, K.1
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Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract
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Tavani A, Negri E, La Vecchia C: Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract. Ann Epidemiol 1996, 6:41-46. In a case-control study in northern Italy, the relationship between cataract extraction and diet was investigated. A total of 207 patients and 706 control individuals were studied. A twofold increase in risk of cataract was associated with elevated salt and fat intake.
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(1996)
Ann Epidemiol
, vol.6
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Tavani, A.1
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